【第1句】： 現(xiàn)在分詞,過去分詞,舉例說明

一.分詞總介： 分詞分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞兩種，是一種非謂語動(dòng)詞形式 現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞主要差別在于：現(xiàn)在分詞表示"主動(dòng)和進(jìn)行"，過去分詞表示"被動(dòng)和完成"（不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞不表示被動(dòng)，只表示完成）.分詞可以有自己的狀語、賓語或邏輯主語等. 【第1句】：分詞作狀語分詞在句子中作狀語，可以表示時(shí)間、條件、原因、結(jié)果、讓步、伴隨等. 分詞（短語）作狀語時(shí)，其邏輯主語應(yīng)與句中主語相一致..當(dāng)現(xiàn)在分詞表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞之前時(shí)， 則用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式，且所表示動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生， 則用現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式.完成或被動(dòng)關(guān)系用過去分詞. （1）現(xiàn)在分詞The students went out of the classroom, laughing and talking. (2)過去分詞Accompanied by his friend, he went to the railway station. Given better attention, the plants could grow better. 【第2句】："while ( when, once, until, if , though等連詞)+分詞"結(jié)構(gòu)現(xiàn)在分詞或過去分詞作狀語時(shí)，有時(shí)可以在分詞前加while,when, once, although, until, if等連詞. When leaving the airport, she waved again and again to us. While waiting for the train, I had a long talk with my sister about her work…… Once recovered, he threw himself into his work and made every effort to do it well. Although working very hard, he failed to pass the final exam. If translated word by word, the passage will be difficult to understand. 【第3句】：分詞作定語分詞作定語時(shí)，單個(gè)的分詞通常放在被修飾的名詞之前，分詞短語一般置于所修飾的中心詞后面.現(xiàn)在分詞修飾的是發(fā)出該動(dòng)作的名詞（即與名詞有主謂關(guān)系），過去分詞修飾承受該動(dòng)作的名詞（即與名詞是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系）. We will go on with our experiment as soon as we get the added fund. This is really an exhausting day to all of us! We can see the part of the moon lighted by sunlight. After a night spent in excitement and sleeplessness, I forced myself to take a long walk along the beach the next day. More and more developing countries established strategic partnership with developed countries 【第4句】：分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語現(xiàn)在分詞在see, watch, hear, observe, notice, feel, find, glimpse, glance等感官動(dòng)詞和look at, listen to等短語動(dòng)詞以及have, keep, get, catch, leave, set, start, send等使役動(dòng)詞后面與名詞或代詞構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語，作賓語補(bǔ)語的成分. 【第5句】：分詞作表語分詞作表語通常看作形容詞來用.現(xiàn)在分詞表示主語的性質(zhì)，而且主語多為物；過去分詞表示主語的感受或狀態(tài)，主語多為人.一.現(xiàn)在分詞的用法： 1） 做表語： He was very amused. That book was rather boring. 很多動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞都可以作表語： exciting, interesting, encouraging, disappointing, confusing, touching, puzzling. 2） 作定語： 上面所出現(xiàn)的現(xiàn)在分詞都可以用作定語， 修飾一個(gè)名詞： That must have been a terrifying experience. I found him a charming person. 現(xiàn)在分詞短語還可以放在名詞的后面修飾名詞， 相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句： There are a few boys swimming in the river. There is a car waiting outside. 3） 作狀語： 現(xiàn)在分詞短語可以表示一個(gè)同時(shí)發(fā)生的次要的或伴隨的動(dòng)作： Following Tom, we started to climb the mountain. Opening the drawer, he took out a box. Taking a key out of his pocket, he opened the door. 現(xiàn)在分詞短語還可以表示原因， 相當(dāng)于一個(gè)原因狀語從句： Not knowing her address, we couldn't get in touch with her. Being unemployed, he hasn't got much money. 現(xiàn)在分詞短語還可以表示時(shí)間， 相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句： Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy. Returning home, he began to do his homework. Jim hurt his arm while playing tennis. Be careful when crossing the road. Having found a hotel, we looked for somewhere to have dinner. Having finished her work, she went home. 4）作賓補(bǔ)： 現(xiàn)在分詞在一些動(dòng)詞之后可以做賓語的補(bǔ)語： 例如， see, hear, catch, find, keep , have 等. I see him passing my house every day. I caught him stealing things in that shop. I smelt something burning. She kept him working all day.二.過去分詞的用法： 1） 作表語： We were so bored that we couldn't help yawning. She felt confused, and even frightened. They were very pleased with the girl. I'm satisfied with your answer. He is not interested in research. 2） 作定語： She has a pleased look on her face. The teacher gave us a satisfied smile. cooked food a written report fried eggs boiled water frozen food armed forces required courses fallen leaves finished products a forced smile the risen sun new arrived visitors What's the language spoken in that country? They're problem left over by history. The play put on by the teachers was a big success. Is there anybody injured? Do you know the number of books ordered? 3）作狀語： Seen from the hill, the city looks magnificent. Given good health, I hope to finish the work this year. They came in, followed by some children. Depressed, 。

【第2句】： 在句子中能做狀語成分的都有什么

【第1句】：副詞

theoretically you're right,but things may not work like that in fact.

理論上你是對(duì)的，但事情的發(fā)展實(shí)際上可能并不如此。

【第2句】：介詞短語

she did this out of kindness.她這樣做是出于好心。

【第3句】：不定式（短語）

i am very pleased to have made your acquaintance.

我認(rèn)識(shí)了你非常高興。

【第4句】：分詞（短語）

compared to many women,she was indeed very fortunate.

和許多女人相比，她確實(shí)是很幸運(yùn)。

【第5句】：形容詞

they all rushied over,eager to help.他們都跑了過去，急于要幫忙。

【第6句】：詞組

she jumped ten feet.她跳了十英尺遠(yuǎn)。

【第7句】：符合結(jié)構(gòu)

that being the case,we'll have to reconsider the whole thing.

情況既然如此，整個(gè)這件事我們就得重新考慮了。

【第8句】：從句

we did it only vecause wo has to.我們這樣做十處于不得已。

【第3句】： 什么詞可做伴隨狀語

定義：伴隨狀語是指狀語從句的動(dòng)作伴隨主句發(fā)生，它的特點(diǎn)是：它所表達(dá)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)是伴隨著句子謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作而發(fā)生或存在的。

例如：

①He sat in the armchair,reading a newspaper.

他坐在扶手椅里讀報(bào)。

②All night long he lay awake,thinking of the problem.

他整夜躺在床上睡不著，思考著那個(gè)問題。

伴隨狀語出現(xiàn)的條件是由一個(gè)主語發(fā)出兩個(gè)動(dòng)作或同一個(gè)主語處于兩種狀態(tài)，或同一個(gè)主語發(fā)出一個(gè)動(dòng)作時(shí)又伴隨有某一種狀態(tài)。伴隨狀語的邏輯主語一般情況下必須是全句的主語，伴隨狀語與謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)是同時(shí)發(fā)生的。伴隨狀語可以有以下幾種表示方法：

一、使用分詞形式

The dog entered the room, following his master（這條狗跟著主人進(jìn)了屋）。

The master entered the room,followed by his dog（主人進(jìn)了屋，后面跟著他的狗）。

二、用with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)

The little girls were playing with snow with their hands frozen red（小女孩們在玩雪，手都凍紅了）。

三、用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)

The little boy goes to school, the little dog accompanying him every day（這小孩每天去上學(xué)，那條小狗陪伴著他）。

四、用形容詞

Crusoe went home, full of fear（克魯索滿懷恐懼地回家）。

Confident of the victory the players are fighting hard（運(yùn)動(dòng)員們對(duì)比賽奪勝滿懷信心奮力拼搏）。

The match will be broadcast live（這場比賽將作實(shí)況轉(zhuǎn)播）。

He left home young and came back old（他少小離家老大回）。

五、用名詞

He went away a beggar but retumed a millionaire（他討吃要飯離家，腰纏萬貫回歸）。

He who had been twice prime minister of the country, died civilian（他曾兩度出任這個(gè)國家的總理，而死的時(shí)候卻是一個(gè)平民）。

六、用介詞短語

The girl came back to her mother in tears.（這女孩眼淚汪汪地回到母親身邊）。

How can you go to the wedding party in rags（你怎能衣衫襤褸地去參加婚宴）？

I went home out of breath（我上氣不接下氣地回家）。

本人小抄。

另外，伴隨狀語是狀語從句的一種。

【第4句】： 什么詞性可以作狀語

【第1句】：形容詞作狀語表示伴隨的狀態(tài).

I got home ,tired and thirsty.

【第2句】：副詞作狀語，可以表示時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，方式等.

He runs slowly.

Yesterday we had a meeting .

【第3句】：數(shù)詞作狀語.

The meeting lasted for two hours.

【第4句】：介詞短語作狀語.

I met Tom in the street.

【第5句】：不定式作狀語，可以是目地狀語，原因狀語或結(jié)果狀語.I came here to see you.

【第6句】：現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語.

They came out of the classroom ,talking and laughing.

【第7句】：過去分詞作狀語.

【第5句】： 【第1句】：一般過去時(shí)句子的時(shí)間狀語都表示,因此,句中的謂語動(dòng)詞都使用形

一般過去式句子時(shí)間狀語都表示過去，用動(dòng)詞-ed形式表示過去.was /were +主語 +其它，did +主語+do +其它一般過去時(shí)表示在過去某個(gè)特定時(shí)間發(fā)生，也可以表示過去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作.一般過去時(shí)不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，只說明過去的事情；一般過去時(shí)常與表示過去的時(shí)間狀語或從句連用，如：yesterday,last week ,in the past ,in 1993,at that time,once,during the war,before,a few days ago,when 等等；帶有確定的過去時(shí)間狀語時(shí)，要用過去時(shí).如：yesterday（昨天）、two days ago…（兩天前…… ）、last year…（去年…）、the other day（前幾天）、once upon a time（很久以前）、just now（剛才）、in the old days（過去的日子里）、before liberation（解放前…）、When I was 8 years old（當(dāng)我八歲時(shí)…）、at+一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)；表示過去連續(xù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作時(shí)，要用過去時(shí).這種情況下，往往沒有表示過去的時(shí)間狀語，而通過上下文來表示；表示過去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常或反復(fù)的動(dòng)作.常與always,never等連用；如果強(qiáng)調(diào)已經(jīng)終止的習(xí)慣時(shí)要用 used to do（過去常常做，而現(xiàn)在不那樣做了）；有些句子，雖然沒有表示過去確定時(shí)間的狀語，但實(shí)際上是指過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)的話，也要用過去時(shí).時(shí)間狀語：Ago(two hours ago（一段時(shí)間+ago）,yesterday（句首或結(jié)尾），the day before yesterday,last week,last(year,night,month…)，具體時(shí)間（如Jan.fourth）,just now,at the age of,one day,long ago,once upon a time,and so on,this morning.long long ago（很久以前）the other day（前幾天）構(gòu)成：【第1句】：直接加ed:work—— worked look——looked ,【第2句】：以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾的單詞，直接加d:live ——lived hope——hoped use——used,3 以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的，變y為i加ed:study—— studied carry——carried worry——worried,4 以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的，雙寫最后的輔音字母+ed:stop—— stopped plan——planned。