英語四級真題精講:完形填空及翻譯
.h
Part Ⅵ Translation
87.had followed my instructions/orders
【結構分析】本句的主語是You。謂語動詞是would not have failed。if you had followed my instructions是if引導的條件狀語從句。
【要點解析】本題考查的是虛擬語氣的用法。
①if從句的虛擬語氣考查,根據語法規定,如果主句中出現would +have的形式,從句中應該采用had+過去分詞的結構。
②按照......的指令可表達為follow my instructions/orders。
③ 根據主句的would not have failed 結構就可以推斷這是對過去事實的虛擬,那么從句則是had+done 結構,所以答案為you had followed my instructions/orders。
【原句精譯】如果你按照我的指令去做,就不會失敗了。
88. gave up pursuing knowledge
【結構分析】本句的主語是Mark。謂語是gave up pursuing knowledge。despite the hardship he encountered是despite引導的狀語從句。
【要點解析】本題考查動詞give的搭配。
①放棄可譯為give up。
②encounter the hardship也是非常重要的固定搭配,意為遇到困難。需要填寫的部分應該采用過去時。
③對知識的追求可譯為pursuing knowledge.
【原句精譯】盡管馬克遇到困難,但是他從未放棄對知識的追求。
【能力拓展】動詞give的常見搭配。
①give up放棄,交出例:When you graduate, will you give up your study? 你畢業后會不會放棄學習?
②give oneself up to獻身于,沉溺于,熱衷于 例:The boygives himself up to electronic games. 這個男孩沉溺于電子游戲。
③give away泄露,出賣 例:He gave my secret away. 他泄露了我的秘密。
④give in屈服,讓步 例:You must give in your examination papers now. 你們現在必須把試卷交上來。
89. before we find the methods of curing cancers/ before we find the cure for cancer
【結構分析】本句的主語是Scientists,謂語是agree,that it will be a long time是that引導的賓語從句,before we find the methods of curing cancers是before引導的時間狀語從句。
【要點解析】治愈可譯為cure,而不應譯為treat,treat是治療的意思。cure有療法的意思,所以治愈癌癥的方法還可以譯為cure for cancer。根據句子的已知部分,可以判斷出填寫的部分用一般現在時
【原句精譯】科學家們認為,要過很長時間才能找到治愈癌癥的方法。
【能力拓展】before引導的狀語從句。
①句型A:it+be+一段時間+before...:意思是要過很久才會......。例:The field research will take John and Mike about five months; it will be a long time before we meet them again. 實地考察要花約翰和邁克五個月的時間;他們過很久才會再見面。
②句型B:it was some time before...:意思是在......之前過了一段時間。例:He was told that it would be at least three more months before he could recover and return to work. 他被告知至少過三個月才能康復,重返工作崗位。
90. keep pace with the constantly increasing demands of consumers或keep up with the constantly growing needs of consumers
【結構分析】本句的主語是Production,謂語是has to be increased,后面的to keep pace with the constantly increasing demands of consumers是目的狀語。
【要點解析】
①固定搭配與......保持同步,可以翻譯為keep pace with 或keep up with。
②不斷增長的,可以翻譯為increasing,growing或rising。
③需求可翻譯為demands或needs。
④消費者翻譯為consumer。
【原句精譯】只有大幅提高產量才能與消費者不斷增長的需求保持同步。
【能力拓展】
①keep pace with和......并駕齊驅,跟上 例:We must work hard to keep pace with the development of modern technology. 我們必須努力學習才能跟上現代科技的發展。
②keep up with趕得上,和......保持聯系 例:Students must work hard to keep up with their school work. 學生必須努力學習才能跟上功課。
91. the fewer chances you will have of catching a cold
【結構分析】本句的前半部分是從句,后半部分是主句。主句的主語是You。謂語是will have。
【要點解析】本題主要考查 the more,the less的用法。其用法與the more,the more一致,可翻譯為越......越......。
①固定搭配可能做某事,可翻譯為be likely to do sth;
②固定搭配感冒,可翻譯為catch a cold。
【原句精譯】鍛煉越多,你越不大可能感冒。
【能力拓展】越......越......句型:這種句型表達為:the+比較級+句子,the+比較級+句子。若the more修飾名詞,則名詞要提前,直接置于the more后,如試題中句子:The more exercise you take, the fewer chances you will have of catching a cold。
.h
Part Ⅵ Translation
87.had followed my instructions/orders
【結構分析】本句的主語是You。謂語動詞是would not have failed。if you had followed my instructions是if引導的條件狀語從句。
【要點解析】本題考查的是虛擬語氣的用法。
①if從句的虛擬語氣考查,根據語法規定,如果主句中出現would +have的形式,從句中應該采用had+過去分詞的結構。
②按照......的指令可表達為follow my instructions/orders。
③ 根據主句的would not have failed 結構就可以推斷這是對過去事實的虛擬,那么從句則是had+done 結構,所以答案為you had followed my instructions/orders。
【原句精譯】如果你按照我的指令去做,就不會失敗了。
88. gave up pursuing knowledge
【結構分析】本句的主語是Mark。謂語是gave up pursuing knowledge。despite the hardship he encountered是despite引導的狀語從句。
【要點解析】本題考查動詞give的搭配。
①放棄可譯為give up。
②encounter the hardship也是非常重要的固定搭配,意為遇到困難。需要填寫的部分應該采用過去時。
③對知識的追求可譯為pursuing knowledge.
【原句精譯】盡管馬克遇到困難,但是他從未放棄對知識的追求。
【能力拓展】動詞give的常見搭配。
①give up放棄,交出例:When you graduate, will you give up your study? 你畢業后會不會放棄學習?
②give oneself up to獻身于,沉溺于,熱衷于 例:The boygives himself up to electronic games. 這個男孩沉溺于電子游戲。
③give away泄露,出賣 例:He gave my secret away. 他泄露了我的秘密。
④give in屈服,讓步 例:You must give in your examination papers now. 你們現在必須把試卷交上來。
89. before we find the methods of curing cancers/ before we find the cure for cancer
【結構分析】本句的主語是Scientists,謂語是agree,that it will be a long time是that引導的賓語從句,before we find the methods of curing cancers是before引導的時間狀語從句。
【要點解析】治愈可譯為cure,而不應譯為treat,treat是治療的意思。cure有療法的意思,所以治愈癌癥的方法還可以譯為cure for cancer。根據句子的已知部分,可以判斷出填寫的部分用一般現在時
【原句精譯】科學家們認為,要過很長時間才能找到治愈癌癥的方法。
【能力拓展】before引導的狀語從句。
①句型A:it+be+一段時間+before...:意思是要過很久才會......。例:The field research will take John and Mike about five months; it will be a long time before we meet them again. 實地考察要花約翰和邁克五個月的時間;他們過很久才會再見面。
②句型B:it was some time before...:意思是在......之前過了一段時間。例:He was told that it would be at least three more months before he could recover and return to work. 他被告知至少過三個月才能康復,重返工作崗位。
90. keep pace with the constantly increasing demands of consumers或keep up with the constantly growing needs of consumers
【結構分析】本句的主語是Production,謂語是has to be increased,后面的to keep pace with the constantly increasing demands of consumers是目的狀語。
【要點解析】
①固定搭配與......保持同步,可以翻譯為keep pace with 或keep up with。
②不斷增長的,可以翻譯為increasing,growing或rising。
③需求可翻譯為demands或needs。
④消費者翻譯為consumer。
【原句精譯】只有大幅提高產量才能與消費者不斷增長的需求保持同步。
【能力拓展】
①keep pace with和......并駕齊驅,跟上 例:We must work hard to keep pace with the development of modern technology. 我們必須努力學習才能跟上現代科技的發展。
②keep up with趕得上,和......保持聯系 例:Students must work hard to keep up with their school work. 學生必須努力學習才能跟上功課。
91. the fewer chances you will have of catching a cold
【結構分析】本句的前半部分是從句,后半部分是主句。主句的主語是You。謂語是will have。
【要點解析】本題主要考查 the more,the less的用法。其用法與the more,the more一致,可翻譯為越......越......。
①固定搭配可能做某事,可翻譯為be likely to do sth;
②固定搭配感冒,可翻譯為catch a cold。
【原句精譯】鍛煉越多,你越不大可能感冒。
【能力拓展】越......越......句型:這種句型表達為:the+比較級+句子,the+比較級+句子。若the more修飾名詞,則名詞要提前,直接置于the more后,如試題中句子:The more exercise you take, the fewer chances you will have of catching a cold。