研英翻譯重難點詳解:省略
英語中詞的省略現象很多。其目的是為了符合英語表達習慣和修辭特點。省略詞語決不是可以隨意增刪詞句,而是要必須遵循以下幾條原則:
1) 可有可無的,或是多余的。
2) 省略的詞義已經體現在上下文中。
閱讀時,必須根據上下文找出英語中省略的詞語翻譯時再根據漢語的習慣進行適當增補。
1.Fighting means killing, and civilized peoples ought to be able to find some way of setting their disputes other than by seeing which side can kill off the greater number of the other side, and then saying that that side which has killed most has won. And not only has won, but, because it has won, has been in the right.
分析:介詞短語by seeing which side前省略了setting their disputes。seeing which side can kill off the greater number of the other side與saying that that side which has killed most has won是介詞by后的兩個并列成分。
譯文:打仗意味著殘殺,。文明的民族應該能夠找到某種解決爭端的方法,而不是通過看哪一方能消滅另一方更多的人,然后說殺人最多的一方獲勝來解決爭端。勝者不僅勝了,而且還因為勝利而有理。
2. Anything from cosmic rays to radiation to diet may activate a dormant oncogene, but how remains unknown.
分析:這是一個由but連接的并列句。其中第二個分句的主語是一個主語從句。由于該主語從句的主謂賓與第一個分句相同,所以被全部省略。只剩下疑問副詞how。
譯文:任何東西,從宇宙射線到輻射,以至日常飲食,都可能激活潛伏的致癌基因,但如何激活的,仍然不得而知。
3. Someone traveling alone, if hungry, injured, or ill, often had nowhere to turn expect to the nearest cabin or settlement.
分析:在時間、地點、條件、讓步、方式狀語從句中,如果從句的主語與主句的主語相同(或為it),而從句的謂語又含有be,則可以省略主語+be
英語中詞的省略現象很多。其目的是為了符合英語表達習慣和修辭特點。省略詞語決不是可以隨意增刪詞句,而是要必須遵循以下幾條原則:
1) 可有可無的,或是多余的。
2) 省略的詞義已經體現在上下文中。
閱讀時,必須根據上下文找出英語中省略的詞語翻譯時再根據漢語的習慣進行適當增補。
1.Fighting means killing, and civilized peoples ought to be able to find some way of setting their disputes other than by seeing which side can kill off the greater number of the other side, and then saying that that side which has killed most has won. And not only has won, but, because it has won, has been in the right.
分析:介詞短語by seeing which side前省略了setting their disputes。seeing which side can kill off the greater number of the other side與saying that that side which has killed most has won是介詞by后的兩個并列成分。
譯文:打仗意味著殘殺,。文明的民族應該能夠找到某種解決爭端的方法,而不是通過看哪一方能消滅另一方更多的人,然后說殺人最多的一方獲勝來解決爭端。勝者不僅勝了,而且還因為勝利而有理。
2. Anything from cosmic rays to radiation to diet may activate a dormant oncogene, but how remains unknown.
分析:這是一個由but連接的并列句。其中第二個分句的主語是一個主語從句。由于該主語從句的主謂賓與第一個分句相同,所以被全部省略。只剩下疑問副詞how。
譯文:任何東西,從宇宙射線到輻射,以至日常飲食,都可能激活潛伏的致癌基因,但如何激活的,仍然不得而知。
3. Someone traveling alone, if hungry, injured, or ill, often had nowhere to turn expect to the nearest cabin or settlement.
分析:在時間、地點、條件、讓步、方式狀語從句中,如果從句的主語與主句的主語相同(或為it),而從句的謂語又含有be,則可以省略主語+be