雅思寫作中的讓步段趨勢展望
.h1 { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; FONT-SIZE: 22pt; MARGIN: 17pt 0cm 16.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 240%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify}.h2 { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; FONT-SIZE: 16pt; MARGIN: 13pt 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: 173%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify}.h3 { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; FONT-SIZE: 16pt; MARGIN: 13pt 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: 173%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify}.h1 { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; FONT-SIZE: 22pt; MARGIN: 17pt 0cm 16.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 240%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify}.h2 { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; FONT-SIZE: 16pt; MARGIN: 13pt 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: 173%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify}.h3 { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; FONT-SIZE: 16pt; MARGIN: 13pt 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: 173%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify}
I 背景介紹
根據多年來對雅思寫作大作文的分析研究發現，盡管議論文的話題繁多，但其問題模式都可以歸屬于兩大類，討論和分析解決，討論類常見的如：
To what extent do you agree or disagree？
What is your opinion?
Discuss both the advantages and disadvantages.
而分析解決是指對某一負面現象進行原因的分析，再給出解決方法。如：
Discuss the possible causes of this phenomenon and suggest some recommendations about how to combat it.
上述兩類相信參加國雅思考試或者在準備的烤鴨們都已經非常熟悉了，那么在考試中出現幾率較高的是第一類討論型的題目，占了百分之八十以上，所以學會此類題目的論證過程的擴展對議論文分數的提高起關鍵作用。
在雅思寫作的評分標準中，我們看到前兩個評分標準中，均出現了對段落擴展的描述，第一個評分標準task response，指任務完成度，在文章內容方面的體現即文章是否回答了題目的關于topic的論證，是否都圍繞主題，無偏題離題現象發生，能否完整全面的對話題進行論證。而第二點coherence and cohesion，指連貫和銜接，內容是否連貫，很大程度上取決與論證過程的擴展是否有緊密關聯，有無邏輯性。可見議論問論證過程的合理有邏輯的擴展非常重要。
II 讓步段的概念及用法
在議論文中，常見的論證方法很多，如舉例子、解釋、類比、對比、列數據等，今天朗閣海外考試研究中心寫作組的專家要給大家總結介紹一類在論證中能否體現論證的全面性的方法，即讓步的論證方法，首先我們來看幾個句型：
1. As is granted, However, convincing arguments have been made that
2. Opponents would argue that However,
3. Although/ In spite of the fact that , people tend to believe that
4. It is undeniable that
從以上三個句型，我們看出讓步就是先退一步承認自己不同意的一個事實，再對其進行反駁，如某人去面試，老板要拒絕聘請錄用這個員工，他會在拒絕前先說一番承認這個人在某些方面還不錯的一些話，這就是讓步。這樣論證的優點是更加全面的論證，不會一味的一邊倒，就片面的認為一個事件的存在只有優點或只有缺點，且論證也更有說服力。這種論證方法常出現在討論類的單邊論證中，我們來看一個題目：
The main purpose of public libraries is to provide books and they should not waste their limited resources and space on providing expensive hi-tech media such as computer software, videos and DVDs. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
針對這樣一個題目，通過審題，題目要求考生探討圖書是否需要提供高科技媒體。根據分析，我們可以得出單邊論證的結構，同意提供多媒體。具體結構參照如下：
Introduction: State my opinion
The hi-tech media should been provided by the public libraries.
Body: Ph 1 Making concession
Multimedia facilities are expensive.
Ph2 Reason one to support my opinion.
Hi-tech media can store information much longer than traditional means.
Ph3 Reason two to support my opinion
Visiting a library with multimedia access is much more interesting.
Conclusion: Restate my opinion
The investment is justified and should be encouraged.
從上述結構我們看出作者的觀點是支持提供高科技媒體，但這個論證過程非常全面，它先在論證的第一代就退一步承認其缺點，然后再就這一點進行反駁，這個段落就是讓步段，參考之前提供句型，得出這一段：
Opponents of a high-tech library would argue that multimedia facilities are expensive. This may be true to some extent, because a DVD player is often more expensive than a bookshelf. However, with immense storage capacity, these new high-tech media can actually save the most valuable resource-space.
讓步段還可以運用到討論類另一種結構中，筆者謂之雙邊傾向論證。我們通過一個具體的實例來解釋這種論證結構以及讓步在其中的用法。
There are social, medical and technical problems associated with the use of mobile phones. What forms do they take? Do you agree that the problems outweigh the benefits of mobile phones?
建議此題一定要認真審題，因為這個問題模式對文章的結構有著直接的影響。它有兩問，第一問要回答手機的三個方面的問題，第二問優缺點討論，結合這兩問，得出文章結構如下：
Introduction: State my opinion
The problems of mobile phones far exceed the merits.
Body: Ph 1 the benefits brought about by mobiles
Convenient, functional
Ph2 the social, medial and technical problems of mobile phones
Conclusion: Restate my opinion
Although mobile phones have some benefits, the negative influences should not be overlooked.
看完結構，不難理解雙邊傾向的結構即兩個方面優點和缺點都提及，作者的觀點是傾向其中一方的，那么不同意的那一方的論證段就可以理解為讓步段。結合句式，我們可以寫一下讓步段的topic sentence:
It is undeniable that mobile phones have facilitated our lives in many different ways.
接著可以列舉手機使用的幾個具體的優點。這種讓步和單邊論證讓步的區別是它可以不用直接在這個段落后面反駁。
III 結語
讓步段在論證過程中有著相當廣泛的實戰意義，它可以幫助考生擴展文章的字數，達到要求，此外，它還能使得論證過程更加全面。朗閣海外考試研究中心的老師推薦學生準確使用此種論證方法，希望為寫作取得高分有切實的幫助。
.h1 { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; FONT-SIZE: 22pt; MARGIN: 17pt 0cm 16.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 240%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify}.h2 { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; FONT-SIZE: 16pt; MARGIN: 13pt 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: 173%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify}.h3 { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; FONT-SIZE: 16pt; MARGIN: 13pt 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: 173%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify}.h1 { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; FONT-SIZE: 22pt; MARGIN: 17pt 0cm 16.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 240%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify}.h2 { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; FONT-SIZE: 16pt; MARGIN: 13pt 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: 173%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify}.h3 { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; FONT-SIZE: 16pt; MARGIN: 13pt 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: 173%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify}
I 背景介紹
根據多年來對雅思寫作大作文的分析研究發現，盡管議論文的話題繁多，但其問題模式都可以歸屬于兩大類，討論和分析解決，討論類常見的如：
To what extent do you agree or disagree？
What is your opinion?
Discuss both the advantages and disadvantages.
而分析解決是指對某一負面現象進行原因的分析，再給出解決方法。如：
Discuss the possible causes of this phenomenon and suggest some recommendations about how to combat it.
上述兩類相信參加國雅思考試或者在準備的烤鴨們都已經非常熟悉了，那么在考試中出現幾率較高的是第一類討論型的題目，占了百分之八十以上，所以學會此類題目的論證過程的擴展對議論文分數的提高起關鍵作用。
在雅思寫作的評分標準中，我們看到前兩個評分標準中，均出現了對段落擴展的描述，第一個評分標準task response，指任務完成度，在文章內容方面的體現即文章是否回答了題目的關于topic的論證，是否都圍繞主題，無偏題離題現象發生，能否完整全面的對話題進行論證。而第二點coherence and cohesion，指連貫和銜接，內容是否連貫，很大程度上取決與論證過程的擴展是否有緊密關聯，有無邏輯性。可見議論問論證過程的合理有邏輯的擴展非常重要。
II 讓步段的概念及用法
在議論文中，常見的論證方法很多，如舉例子、解釋、類比、對比、列數據等，今天朗閣海外考試研究中心寫作組的專家要給大家總結介紹一類在論證中能否體現論證的全面性的方法，即讓步的論證方法，首先我們來看幾個句型：
1. As is granted, However, convincing arguments have been made that
2. Opponents would argue that However,
3. Although/ In spite of the fact that , people tend to believe that
4. It is undeniable that
從以上三個句型，我們看出讓步就是先退一步承認自己不同意的一個事實，再對其進行反駁，如某人去面試，老板要拒絕聘請錄用這個員工，他會在拒絕前先說一番承認這個人在某些方面還不錯的一些話，這就是讓步。這樣論證的優點是更加全面的論證，不會一味的一邊倒，就片面的認為一個事件的存在只有優點或只有缺點，且論證也更有說服力。這種論證方法常出現在討論類的單邊論證中，我們來看一個題目：
The main purpose of public libraries is to provide books and they should not waste their limited resources and space on providing expensive hi-tech media such as computer software, videos and DVDs. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
針對這樣一個題目，通過審題，題目要求考生探討圖書是否需要提供高科技媒體。根據分析，我們可以得出單邊論證的結構，同意提供多媒體。具體結構參照如下：
Introduction: State my opinion
The hi-tech media should been provided by the public libraries.
Body: Ph 1 Making concession
Multimedia facilities are expensive.
Ph2 Reason one to support my opinion.
Hi-tech media can store information much longer than traditional means.
Ph3 Reason two to support my opinion
Visiting a library with multimedia access is much more interesting.
Conclusion: Restate my opinion
The investment is justified and should be encouraged.
從上述結構我們看出作者的觀點是支持提供高科技媒體，但這個論證過程非常全面，它先在論證的第一代就退一步承認其缺點，然后再就這一點進行反駁，這個段落就是讓步段，參考之前提供句型，得出這一段：
Opponents of a high-tech library would argue that multimedia facilities are expensive. This may be true to some extent, because a DVD player is often more expensive than a bookshelf. However, with immense storage capacity, these new high-tech media can actually save the most valuable resource-space.
讓步段還可以運用到討論類另一種結構中，筆者謂之雙邊傾向論證。我們通過一個具體的實例來解釋這種論證結構以及讓步在其中的用法。
There are social, medical and technical problems associated with the use of mobile phones. What forms do they take? Do you agree that the problems outweigh the benefits of mobile phones?
建議此題一定要認真審題，因為這個問題模式對文章的結構有著直接的影響。它有兩問，第一問要回答手機的三個方面的問題，第二問優缺點討論，結合這兩問，得出文章結構如下：
Introduction: State my opinion
The problems of mobile phones far exceed the merits.
Body: Ph 1 the benefits brought about by mobiles
Convenient, functional
Ph2 the social, medial and technical problems of mobile phones
Conclusion: Restate my opinion
Although mobile phones have some benefits, the negative influences should not be overlooked.
看完結構，不難理解雙邊傾向的結構即兩個方面優點和缺點都提及，作者的觀點是傾向其中一方的，那么不同意的那一方的論證段就可以理解為讓步段。結合句式，我們可以寫一下讓步段的topic sentence:
It is undeniable that mobile phones have facilitated our lives in many different ways.
接著可以列舉手機使用的幾個具體的優點。這種讓步和單邊論證讓步的區別是它可以不用直接在這個段落后面反駁。
III 結語
讓步段在論證過程中有著相當廣泛的實戰意義，它可以幫助考生擴展文章的字數，達到要求，此外，它還能使得論證過程更加全面。朗閣海外考試研究中心的老師推薦學生準確使用此種論證方法，希望為寫作取得高分有切實的幫助。
