廣安市2024高考英語閱讀理解一輪系列訓練（15）

　　閱讀理解。閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項。

　　America’s population was booming and spreading west in the early 1800’s. Westward expansion came mostly at the expense of the Indians who were often forced to move from their native lands.

　　In the state of Georgia, the population increased 600 percent in the matter of 40 years. As a result, many of its native tribes(部落) were pushed out. The Cherokee Indians, of western Georgia had managed to keep their land until gold was discovered in their territory in 1828. In 1830, however, president Andrew Jackson authorized (批準) the Indian Removal Act. The Cherokees fought the law, and it was overturned by chief justice John Marshall two years later.

　　Just three years later, however, in 1835, the Treaty of New Echota was signed. The "Treaty" was not authorized by the Cherokee Nation, but rather, a small group of Cherokee radicals led by John Ridge. Under the "Treaty", the Cherokee were to leave Georgia and the government would compensate them at a price determined to be about 5 percent of the value of the land. The majority of the Cherokee Nation would never had agreed to the "Treaty", but the U.S. government ratified it anyway. John Ridge was thus seen as a traitor by the Cherokees - and would later pay with his life. The Georgia government then staged a "land lottery" in which Cherokee land was divided into 160 equal portions. They were sold to anyone who had $4.00 and who had won a chance to own land.

　　In 1838, General Winfield Scott and 7,000 troops invaded Cherokee land. Men, women, and children were forced to walk westward from Georgia nearly 1,000 miles with minimal facilities and food, to reservations set up for them in Oklahoma. Cherokee chief John Ross, eventually was able to convince Winfield Scott that his people should lead the tribe west. Scott agreed and Ross divided the people into smaller groups so they could forage for food on their own. Although Ross may have save countless lives, nearly 4,000 Indians died walking this Trail of Tears.

　　1. Which of the following happened first?

　　A. Cherokees’ walk to Oklahoma. B. The Indian Removal Act.

　　C. The Treaty of New Echota. D. The Georgia “Land Lottery”.

　　2. The underlined part “ratified it” (in Para. 3) can be replaced by “　　”.

　　A. made it official

　　B. signed it secretly

　　C. removed it

　　D. ignored it

　　3. Why was John Ridge viewed as a traitor by the Cherokees?

　　A. Because he sold his land to the U.S.Government at a low price.

　　B. Because he represented the U.S. Govermment.

　　C. Because he signed an unfair treaty for the Cherokees.

　　D. Because he carried out a “land lottery” in Georgia.

　　4. According to the passage, what is the key factor for the “Trail of Tears”?

　　A. The conflict between the Cherokees and the local government.

　　B. The increase of population in the state of Georgia.

　　C. The constant struggle for land between the native Americans and the settlers.

　　D. The discovery of gold in western Gerogia.

　　1、答案解析：答案為B。本題為細節題。由文章第二段倒數第二句話 “In 1830, however, president Andrew Jackson authorized the Indian Removal Act.”可知，B選項發生在1830年；由第三段第一句話 “Just three years later, however, in 1835, the Treaty of New Echota was signed.”可知，C選項發生在1835年；由第三段倒數第二句話 “The Georgia government then staged a

　　‘land lottery’ in which Cherokee land was divided into 160 equal portions.”可知，D選項發生在Treaty of New Echota后; 由最后一段前兩句話 “ In 1838, General Winfield Scott and 7,000 troops invaded Cherokee land. …set up for them in Oklahoma.”可知，A選項發生在最后。故答案為B。

　　2、答案解析：答案為A。本題為語義推斷題。結合該短語出現的句子 “The majority of the Cherokee Nation would never had agreed to the ‘Treaty’, but the U.S. government ratified it anyway.”, “ratified it” 出現在 “but” 后面，可見該短語和前面的never had agreed to the “Treaty" 意思相反，故答案為A，使條約正式化。

　　3、答案解析：答案為C。本題為推理題。細讀第三段，Treaty of New Echota被簽署，但不是經過Cherokee 民族批準的，而是由John Ridge領導的一小群Cherokee極端分子干的，規定Cherokee民族離開Georgia，政府賠償給他們原有土地的百分之五，大多數Cherokee 人并不同意該條約，但是美國政府最終還是批準了該條約，因此John Ridge被認為是Cherokee的民族叛徒。故答案為C。

　　4、答案解析：答案為D。本題為推理題。文章的最后提到 “nearly 4,000 Indians died walking this Trail of Tears”， 為什么會發生此事？本題實際考察現象背后的實質：Cherokee 印第安人為什么要移民？由文章第二段 “The Cherokee Indians, of western Georgia had managed to keep their land until gold was discovered in their territory in 1828.” 可知，western Georgia 發現了金子后，白人就覬覦此片土地淘金，發生了后來的移民事件，留下了Cherokee 印第安人的血和淚。故答案為D。

　　【2024·新課標全國卷Ⅰ 】閱讀理解B

　　The baby is just one day old and has not yet left hospital.She is quiet but alert (警覺)．Twenty centimeters from her face researchers have placed a white card with two black spots on it.She stares at it carefully.A researcher removes the card and replaces it by another, this time with the spots differently spaced.As the cards change from one to the other, her gaze(凝視) starts to lose its focus until a third, with three black spots, is presented.Her gaze returns：she looks at it for twice as long as she did at the previous card.Can she tell that the number two is different from three, just 24 hours after coming into the world?

　　Or do newborns simply prefer more to fewer? The same experiment, but with three spots shown before two, shows the same return of interest when the number of spots changes.Perhaps it is just the newness? When slightly older babies were shown cards with pictures of objects(a comb, a key, an orange and so on)，changing the number of objects had an effect separate from changing the objects themselves.Could it be the pattern that two things make, as opposed to three? No again.Babies paid more attention to squares moving randomly on a screen when their number changed from two to three, or three to two.The effect even crosses between senses.Babies who were repeatedly shown two spots became more excited when they then heard three drumbeats than when they heard just two；likewise(同樣地) when the researchers started with drumbeats and moved to spots.

　　【試題分析】　本文主要介紹了研究人員通過卡片或者擊鼓等途徑來檢驗嬰兒對于數字變化的敏感程度。結果表明，當嬰兒發現數字比較多的時候，就會更加關注或變得更加興奮。

　　1. The experiment described in Paragraph 1 is related to the baby's________．

　　A．sense of hearing.

　　B．sense of sight.

　　C．sense of touch.

　　D．sense of smell.

　　解析：細節理解題。根據第一段第四句“She stares at it carefully.”可知，嬰兒目不轉睛地盯著看，故研究人員的研究與嬰兒的視覺有關。

　　答案：B

　　2. Babies are sensitive to the change in________．

　　A．the size of cards.

　　B．the colour of pictures.

　　C．the shape of patterns.

　　D．the number of objects.

　　解析：細節理解題。根據第一段第六句“As the cards change from one to the other，her gaze starts to lose its focus-until a third，with three black spots，is presented.”可知，隨著卡片上黑點的變化，嬰兒的視線也發生了變化，表明嬰兒對于數字的變化比較敏感。

　　答案：D

　　3. Why did the researchers test the babies with drumbeats?

　　A．To reduce the difficulty of the experiment.

　　B．To see how babies recognize sounds.

　　C．To carry their experiment further.

　　D．To keep the babies' interest.

　　解析：推理判斷題。根據最后一段中的“The effect even crosses between senses.Babies who were repeatedly shown two spots became more excited when they then heard three drumbeats than when they heard just two...”可知，研究人員又做了擊鼓的實驗，發現嬰兒的聽覺對數字變化也同樣敏感，其目的是更加深入地研究嬰兒對于數字的敏感程度，故選C項。

　　答案：C

　　4. Where does this text probably come from?

　　A．Science fiction.

　　B．Children's literature.

　　C．An advertisement.

　　D．A science report.

　　解析：推理判斷題。通讀全文，并結合多次提到的experiments和researchers等詞可推斷，研究人員做了一個檢驗嬰兒對于數字變化的敏感度的實驗，故可推斷本文為一篇科學報道。A項“科幻小說”、B項“兒童文學”和C項“廣告”均與本文內容不符。

　　答案：D

　　【2024·新課標全國卷Ⅰ 】閱讀理解C

　　It happened to me recently.I was telling someone how much I had enjoyed reading Barack Obama's Dreams From My Father and how it had changed my views of our President.A friend I was talking to agreed with me that it was ，in his words, “a brilliantly(精彩地)written book”．However, he then went on to talk about Mr Obama in a way which suggested he had no idea of his background at all.I sensed that I was talking to a book liar.

　　And it seems that my friend is not the only one.Approximately two thirds of people have lied about reading a book which they haven't.In the World Book Day's ?Report on Guilty Secrets?， Dreams From My Father

　　is at number 9.The report lists ten books, and various authors, which people have lied about reading, and as I'm not one to lie too often (I'd hate to be caught out )，I'll admit here and now that I haven't read the entire top ten.But I am pleased to say that, unlike 42 percent of people, I have read the book at number one, George Orwell's 1984.I think it's really brilliant.

　　The World Book Day report also has some other interesting information in it.It says that many people lie about having read Jane Austen, Charles Dickens, Fyodor Dostoevsky(I haven't read him, but haven't lied about it either )and Herman Melville.

　　Asked why they lied, the most common reason was to ?impress? someone they were speaking to.This could be tricky if the conversation became more in-depth!

　　But when asked which authors they actually enjoy, people named J．k.Rowling, John Grisham, Sophie Kinsella (ah, the big sellers, in other words)．Forty-two percent of people asked admitted they turned to the back of the book to read the end before finishing the story(I'll come clean: I do this and I am astonished that 58 percent said they had never done so)．

　　【試題分析】　世界讀書日的一個調查報告表明：有些人撒謊說他們讀過某本書，其實他們根本沒有讀。他們撒謊的主要是給別人留下深刻的印象。

　　1. How did the author find his friend a book liar?

　　A．By judging his manner of speaking.

　　B．By looking into his background.

　　C．By mentioning a famous name.

　　D．By discussing the book itself.

　　解析：細節理解題。根據文章第一段A friend I was talking to agreed with me that it was，in his words，“a brilliant written book”．However，he then went on to talk about Mr.Obama in a way which suggested he had no idea of his background at all.然后他繼續以一種能暗示出他對奧巴馬背景一無所知的方式繼續談論奧巴馬，可知作者跟他的朋友談論有關奧巴馬的那本書，發現朋友對奧巴馬的背景一無所知，這暗示出朋友其實并沒有讀過這本書，他對奧巴馬的背景一點都不知曉，故選D。

　　答案：D

　　2. Which of the following is a “guilty secret” according to the World Book Day report?

　　A．Charles Dickens is very low on the top-ten list.

　　B．42% of people pretended to have read 1984.

　　C．The author admitted having read 9 books.

　　D．Dreams From My Father is hardly read.

　　解析：細節理解題。本題的關鍵詞是guilty secret，定位第二、三段。根據文章第三段可知，不像百分之四十二的人那樣，我很高興地說，我讀過排在第一位的George Orwell's 1984。由此可知，作者讀過這本書，而百分之四十二的人卻沒讀過。故選B。

　　答案：B

　　3. By lying about reading, a person hopes to______________.

　　A．control the conversation

　　B．appear knowledgeable

　　C．learn about the book

　　D．make more friends

　　解析：推理判斷題。根據文章第四段“當被問及為什么撒謊的時候，最普遍的理由是想給正在說話的人留下深刻的印象”可知，人們之所以選擇撒謊是想讓對方覺得自己知識淵博，從而給對方留下一個好的印象，故B正確。

　　答案：B

　　4. What is the author's attitude to 58% of readers?

　　A．Favorable

　　B．Uncaring

　　C．Doubtful

　　D．Friendly

　　解析：態度推斷題。根據第五段話最后一句“我很驚訝58%的人說他們從來沒這么做過”，表明作者態度的詞是astomished。選項中與此詞意義接近的答案便是C項。

　　答案：C

　　閱讀理解。閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項。You’ve seen news reports about people who need help after a flood. Maybe you’ve walked past people who are sleeping on the streets. Or perhaps you’ve watched TV programs about how lonely older people can get. So what can you do about any of those things? The answer: You can volunteer (做志愿者).

　　Volunteering is a great way to learn new skills — from working as part of a team to setting and reaching goals. It gives you a chance to find out what kinds of things you’re good at and enjoy the most. Volunteering can provide you with a sense of responsibility because people really depend on you. And it can help you understand disabled (殘疾的) people, sick kids, or the elderly.

　　Volunteering helps people feel they do have the power to change things for the better. When people depend on you, it can change the way you look at yourself, and this is the main reason that makes volunteering attractive. You can feel proud of the goals that you’ve achieved (實現) for a charity organization (慈善組織) — whether it’s helping to organize a 10K to raise money for lung cancer or running the race itself.

　　Sometimes it’s easy to feel worried about your grades or the fight you had with your friend or parents. And although these things are very important in their own way, sometimes it can be helpful to get some distance and think about other things. Volunteering allows you to do this. It lets you focus on others that are worth doing.

　　Finally, volunteering can help save you from being bored — it gives you a place to be where you can have a good time and keep busy.

　　1. From the passage, we can learn that volunteering ____.

　　A. is the best way to find out your interests

　　B. mainly helps the old and the poor people

　　C. makes sure volunteers will get a good job in the future

　　D. can help volunteers choose a job that they really like in the future

　　2. Today, most people volunteer mainly for the purpose of ______.

　　A. making themselves famous and popular

　　B. knowing their value by helping others

　　C. increasing their knowledge and learning skills

　　D. helping people out of trouble

　　3. What do the underlined words “a 10K” (Paragraph 3) probably refer to?

　　A. A charity organization.

　　B. A volunteer group.

　　C. A 10-kilometer race.

　　D. A political activity.

　　4. The purpose of the passage is to ________.