安徽省淮南市2024高考英語一輪單項選擇及文章訓練（1）及答案

　　高考英語單項填空設題的方法與角度的依據(jù)是“三維模式”，即從結(jié)構(gòu)、語義和語用三個方面來出題，切入的角度有7個，即：交際、情態(tài)、反述、省略與替代、特定句式、概念外延和思維定式。

　　1) 結(jié)構(gòu)方面

　　NMET單項填空題的句子結(jié)構(gòu)一般是完整的，即有主語和謂語。主語相當于句子的主題，指明句子講的是什么，一般是對方已知的信息；謂語是對有關問題加以說明的部份，一般是向?qū)Ψ教峁┬碌男畔ⅰ？疾榈闹攸c，也是在謂語部分。命題人有時故意將謂語部分的結(jié)構(gòu)加以改變，“神似貌非”，迷惑考生。根據(jù)思維定勢的負遷移作用，命題人往往設置干擾性很強的干擾項。這就要求考生不僅具備牢固的基礎知識，更要具備靈活的臨場分析應變能力。例如：

　　① —Do you know our town at all?

　　—No, this is the first time I _____ here.

　　A. was

　　B. have been

　　C. am

　　D. m corning

　　分析：B最佳。該句運用了這樣一個句型“It/This＋is＋the＋序數(shù)詞＋time＋that……”。在這個句型中that從句常用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)。切入角度：結(jié)構(gòu)＋交際＋特定句式

　　② The film brought the hours back to me _____ I was taken good care of in that faraway village.

　　A. until

　　B. that

　　C. when

　　D. where

　　分析：C最佳。本題題干長，信息量大，句子成分多，結(jié)構(gòu)復雜，選項之間相互干擾強，難度大。在空白處前，既有時間名詞the hours,又有人稱代詞me 或副詞詞組back to me。這很難一下子判斷出先行詞究竟是“the hours”還是“me”。上句可以寫成The film brought the hours（——I was taken good care of in that faraway village）back to me.根據(jù)先行詞為the hours, C項應為最佳答案。設題角度：結(jié)構(gòu)+替代+特定句式

　　2) 語義方面

　　每個單項填空題的考查實際上都是對語義的考查。語境、結(jié)構(gòu)只是語言運用的外在形式，都是為了恰當?shù)乇磉_出一定的語義服務的。認真地審題，準確地把握語義，對于解答好單項填空題，提高解題能力，起著十分重要的作用。雖然近幾年來NMET試題的題干越來越長，結(jié)構(gòu)越來越復雜，暗示信息也難以把握，同學們解答起來有一定的難度，但是命題人所設置的題干均是表達規(guī)范得體，語義符合邏輯的語言載體。同學們解題時要認真推敲，切勿“望文生義”。

　　例如：

　　①I read about it in some book or other, does it matter _____ it was?

　　A. where

　　B. what

　　C. how

　　D. which

　　分析：D最佳。題干已經(jīng)明確交待了“某一本書或另一本書”，只是還沒有確定究竟是哪一本而已。而且，“or”也給考生起了提示作用，表示選擇。故選擇D項 , 設題角度：語義+替代 。

　　② — Have you seen _____ pen? I left it here this morning.

　　— Is it _____ black one?

　　I think I saw it somewhere.

　　A. a; the

　　B. the; the

　　C. the; a

　　D. a; a

　　分析：D最佳。本題雖說是考查冠詞的用法，但也是語義+思維定式考查的具體體現(xiàn)。因為通常我們在冠詞教學中最初都說：泛指某人或某物時用不定冠詞；而表示特定的或上文已提到過的人或物用定冠詞。然而此處從題干暗示可以看出，問句與答語中的pen均非特指，故前后均用不定冠詞。語義+交際+思維定式

　　3) 語用方面

　　NMET單項選擇試題越來越重視語用能力的考查，即：語言實用能力。具體而言；基礎語法知識，詞匯、習語及交際用語等都以置一語境的形式來考查，使語言更具靈活、生動和得體。題干的條件信息愈隱蔽，各選項結(jié)構(gòu)十分相似而、且具有較強的干擾性，這樣更能體現(xiàn)試題能力立意的要求。例如：

　　① --- Can you come on Monday or Tuesday?

　　--- I ’m afraid _____ day is possible. (NMET 99)

　　A. either

　　B. some

　　C. neither

　　D. any

　　分析：C為最佳。本題設置實際語境，問者期望Monday or Tuesday 選擇一天，而答者有afraid之義，不能如問者的期望。依據(jù)語言的得體性，答案只能選C。設題角度：語用+概念外延+交際。

　　② — I stayed at a hotel

　　while in New York.

　　— Oh，did you? You _____ with Barbara.

　　A. could have stayed B. could stay

　　C. would stay

　　D. must have stayed

　　分析：A最佳。本題屬于情態(tài)動詞交際情景中的運用。題干涉過去（在紐約）所發(fā)生的事；同時從“did you ”語氣可以看出“你本來是能夠(could have stayed)和芭芭拉住在一起的，而不是“你一定(must have stayed)和芭芭拉住在一起”，故選A，語用+情態(tài)+反述。

　　1. As he was waiting downstairs, he suddenly heard a voice calling from ____ .

　　A. over

　　B. above

　　C. up

　　D. upon

　　2. He has lived _____ for many years. That's why he can hardly speak his mother tongue now.

　　A. in abroad

　　B. exotic

　　C. foreign

　　D. abroad

　　3. --- Could I speak to Mary?

　　--- Well, she’s on holiday, _____ .

　　A. actually

　　B. indeed

　　C. truly

　　D. certainly

　　4. When Mary finally got there, Tom had left an hour _____.

　　A. before

　　B. ago

　　C. later

　　D. after

　　5. I have _____ nothing to do today, so you stay here longer.

　　A. nearly

　　B. ever

　　C. most

　　D. almost

　　6. --- Do you know your results?

　　--- No, I don’t know them ____ .

　　A. already

　　B. since

　　C. before

　　D. yet

　　7. Peter can't speak Chinese and can't write it, _____. So Chinese is Greek to him.

　　A. too

　　B. also

　　C. neither

　　D. either

　　8. He said he would come, he didn't ______.

　　A. though

　　B. although

　　C. yet

　　D. too

　　9. There is only the tree and the rock. I can see nothing _____.

　　A. among

　　B. between

　　C. in

　　D. out

　　10. ____ ! There is a train coming.

　　A. Look out

　　B. Look around

　　C. Look forward

　　D. Look on

　　11. John plays football ____, if not better than, David.

　　A. as well

　　B. as well as

　　C. so well

　　D. so well as

　　12. He will be ____ for months and he told me he wouldn’t be ____ till next Saturday.

　　A. off; off

　　B. away; away

　　C. off; away

　　D. away; off

　　13. --- How long has he been in the army?

　　--- Oh, he joined the army as far ____ as 1997.

　　A. ago

　　B. away

　　C. from

　　D. back

　　14. China has a lot of coal and oil, and it is rich in other rare minerals ______.

　　A. as well

　　B. also

　　C. either

　　D. neither

　　15. With the development of West China, many technicians are _____ needed there in recent years.

　　A. many

　　B. bad

　　C. badly

　　D. well

　　參考答案

　　1—5、BDABD

　　6—10、DDAAA

　　11—15、BDDAC

　　**************************************************結(jié)束

　　維A 完形填空(每題1.5分，滿分30分)

　　選材相似度：★★★★

　　設題相似度：★★★

　　難度系數(shù)：★★★

　　When I returned from a trip abroad，I sensed that something was wrong between Bill，one of my two sons，and me.So I asked him，“Bill，have I done anything that really

　　__1__

　　your feelings？”

　　Immediately，he said，“Yes.Last Christmas you promised us a special

　　__2__

　　that we really wanted but you __3__ gave it to us.”

　　The __4__

　　was that I'd completely forgotten about it.I __5__，“Is there anything else I've done wrong，but I haven't apologized for？”

　　Again，his __6__

　　was immediate，“Remember last Christmas when Mom said you had to go to the __7__ because Kate，my little sister，was going to be born? You left us at home and __8__

　　in a hurry.Remember？”

　　“Well，you left and __9__

　　the suitcase.” I couldn't believe he __10__

　　all the details! “After you came back from the hospital，you were __11__ to see the suitcase had been opened and __12__ had been thrown all over the place，and then you __13__ me.”　

　　“And you didn't do it？”I asked.

　　“No，I didn't.I was just searching for my gift.”

　　My heart sank.I felt __14__.I hugged Bill and asked him to __15__

　　me.His honesty made me think of my other son，Kevin.Maybe I'd hurt his feelings，too.I went to ask him the __16__ question.Kevin answered as immediately as his

　　__17__，“Last Christmas you __18__ us a special toy，but you forgot about it.”

　　__19__

　　Christmas had passed，I took my two sons to the store that day and bought them what I had promised.The

　　__20__

　　thing wasn't the toy.The problem was that I had made a promise too rashly (輕率地) and didn't keep it as their father.

　　【語篇解讀】 這是篇夾敘夾議的記敘文。作者答應圣誕節(jié)給兒子買玩具，可是并沒有遵守諾言，這讓兒子非常不滿。文章通過作者和兒子不經(jīng)意間的交流，使人們認識到在家庭教育中“言出必行”的重要性。

　　1．A.showed

　　B．hurt

　　C．a(chǎn)ttended

　　D．expressed

　　答案　B　[由上文的“I sensed that something was wrong between Bill ...and me”可知，此處表示“我”想知道自己做了什么事情“傷害”了兒子。文章倒數(shù)第二段的“I'd hurt his feelings，too”也是提示。]

　　2．A.candy

　　B．book

　　C．picture

　　D．toy

　　答案　D　[由下文倒數(shù)第二段中的“Last Christmas you __18__us a special toy，but you forgot about it.”可知，“我”曾經(jīng)許諾給兒子買“玩具”。]

　　3．A.never

　　B．often

　　C．a(chǎn)lways

　　D．ever

　　答案　A　[由下文的“I'd completely forgotten about it”以及Kevin的話“...but you forgot about it.”可知，“我從沒有”給兒子買曾經(jīng)許諾過的玩具。]

　　4．A.challenge

　　B．message

　　C．idea

　　D．fact

　　答案　D　[該句的意思是：“事實”是“我”完全忘記了這件事情，所以用fact。]

　　5．A.complained

　　B．a(chǎn)pologizedC．continued

　　D．explained

　　答案　C　[根據(jù)空格后面的內(nèi)容可知，“我接著”問問題，所以C正確。]

　　6．A.suggestion

　　B．a(chǎn)nswer

　　C．a(chǎn)ction

　　D．blame

　　答案　B　[本段中的again是關鍵詞，與上文的“Immediately，he said”呼應。此處要表示的是Bill 立即“回答”了“我”的第二個問題。]

　　7．A.hospital

　　B．church

　　C．school

　　D．garden

　　答案　A　[根據(jù)“凱特要出生”的事實，再聯(lián)系第五段中的“Afer you came back from the hospital”可知此處表示要去“醫(yī)院”。]

　　8．A.settled down

　　B．went onC．set off

　　D．got up

　　答案　C　[由in a hurry以及下一段的left可知，“我”應該是“出發(fā)，動身 (set off)”。]

　　9．A.replaced

　　B．forgot

　　C．brought

　　D．opened

　　答案　B　[“我”急匆匆地離開家， “忘了”帶手提箱。]

　　10．A.knew

　　B．imaginedC．discovered

　　D．remembered

　　答案　D　[Bill能如此清晰地“記得”這些細節(jié)，這使“我”大為驚訝。]

　　11．A.angry

　　B．worried

　　C．happy

　　D．satisfied

　　答案　A　[根據(jù)下文內(nèi)容可推知這里應該是“生氣，惱火”。]

　　12．A.nothing

　　B．somebody

　　C．everything

　　D．nobody

　　答案　C　[根據(jù)下文“thrown all over the place”可推知，應該是“所有的東西”都被翻了出來。]

　　13．A.praised

　　B．punished

　　C．helped

　　D．educated

　　答案　B　[“我”回到家，發(fā)現(xiàn)手提箱被打開了，東西扔得滿地都是，大為惱火，于是“懲罰”了Bill。]

　　14．A.terrible

　　B．hopeless

　　C．inspired

　　D．encouraged

　　答案　A　[根據(jù)上文的“My heart sank”可知，后面是“I felt terrible”；hopeless表示“絕望”，不符合語境。]

　　15．A.support

　　B．criticize

　　C．suspect

　　D．forgive

　　答案　D　 [由兒子的回答可知，“我”錯怪了兒子，所以請他“原諒我”。]

　　16．A.easy

　　B．direct

　　C．same

　　D．funny

　　答案　C　[由下文Kevin的回答“Last Christmas you __18__ us a special toy，but you forgot about it.”可知，“我”問了他“同樣的”問題。]

　　17．A.mother

　　B．brother

　　C．sister

　　D．father

　　答案　B　[Kevin回答得和他哥哥一樣迅速。]

　　18．A.bought

　　B．borrowed

　　C．left

　　D．promised

　　答案　D　[由第二段中的“Last Christmas you promised us a special __2__that...”可知，去年圣誕節(jié)，“我”曾經(jīng)“許諾”給兒子買玩具。]

　　19．A.Though

　　B．Because

　　C．Since

　　D．Until

　　答案　A　[“盡管”圣誕節(jié)過去了，但是“我”還是帶著兩個兒子去商店買了“我”許諾過的東西。]