2024年山東省高考英語二輪復習:專題整合突破三 形容詞和副詞
2024年高考第二輪復習英語山東版
三、形容詞和副詞
真題試做
1.(2024山東高考,33)Be ______—you can't expect me to finish all his work in so little time.
A.reasonable
B.confident
C.creative
D.grateful
2.(2010山東高考,35)Mothers holding jobs outside the home should have ______ schedules to make it easier to care for their children.
A.heavy
B.smooth
C.flexible
D.complex
3.(2009山東高考,35)Mary and I see each other ______,but not as often as we used to.
A.sooner or later
B.once in a while
C.in the end
D.more or less
考向分析
1.考查在具體的語境中形容詞和副詞的詞義辨析,要求考生結合句意和上下文語境作出最佳選擇。
2.考查形容詞、副詞的比較等級。尤其注意含蓄比較和比較句型中采用的省略形式,分清比較的范圍。
3.考查比較級的修飾語。包括比較句型中倍數和名詞作狀語時的位置,以及哪些副詞或短語能夠修飾比較級,哪些不能。
4.考查形容詞和副詞的基本用法。包括形容詞作定語、表語、補語和副詞在句中作狀語,以及習慣搭配問題。
5.多個形容詞作定語描述人或事物時,詞序的安排是一個難題,在高考單項填空題中時有出現。
熱點例析
考點一:形容詞和副詞的基本用法
1.形容詞在句中的作用。
(1)形容詞在句中可作定語、表語和補語。
(2)形容詞在句中也可作狀語,用來表示主語所處的狀態。
He was lying in bed,dead.
(3)alone/afraid/asleep/awake/alive/ashamed/ill/well(身體好)等常用作表語而不用作定語。如:
He is an ill man.(錯)
The man is ill.(對)
She is an afraid girl.(錯)
The girl is afraid.(對)
(4)two-year-old/200-metre-long/one-eyed等復合形容詞中的名詞要用單數,一般只用作前置定語。如:
Tom is a two-year-old boy.
2.副詞在句中的作用。
副詞在句中一般用作狀語,修飾動詞、形容詞或其他副詞,也可修飾整個句子。如:
Obviously you are wrong.
【典例分析】 (2024四川高考,16)I make $2,000 a week.60 surely won't make ______ difference to me.
A.that a big
B.a that big
C.big a that
D.that big a
答案為D項。that在此句中是副詞,相當于so的用法,修飾形容詞big。例如:“如此可愛的一個女孩”可表達為that lovely a girl,故選D項。句意:我每周賺2000美元,60美元對我而言根本沒有關系。
考點二:形容詞和副詞的詞義辨析
詞義辨析是高考對形容詞、副詞考查的一大熱點。解答此類題的關鍵是要分析具體的語境,結合基本詞義、搭配等來選擇正確的答案。
從近幾年全國及各省市高考試題來看,考查頻率最高的形容詞和副詞有even,interested,interesting,yet,hardly,just,therefore,though,too,very,common,effective,either,ever,fair,however,less,more,nearly,only,purposefully,rather,still,such,surprised,surprising等。
【典例分析】 (2024浙江高考,10)The research lacks ______ evidence,and therefore,its conclusions are doubtful.
A.solid
B.fierce
C.severe
D.potential
答案為A項。句意:這項研究缺乏可靠的證據,因此,其結論是令人懷疑的。solid意為“可靠的,可信賴的”;fierce意為“強烈的,極度的”;severe意為“非常的,嚴重的”;potential意為“潛在的,可能的”。
(2024天津高考,4)The dog may be a good companion for the old.______,the need to take it for walks may be a disadvantage.
A.Besides
B.However
C.Therefore
D.Instead
答案為B項。句意:狗對老年人來說可能是一個好伙伴,然而,需要帶它散步可能就是一個不好之處。besides意為“此外,而且”;however意為“然而”;therefore意為“因此”;instead意為“相反,代替”。
考點三:形容詞和副詞的比較等級
1.對兩者進行同等程度的比較用“as+原級+as”句型。當as...as 中間有名詞時采用“as+形容詞+a+單數名詞+as”和“as+many/much+名詞+as”的形式。如:
This is as good an example as the other is.
2.對兩者進行不同程度的比較用“not as/so+原級+as”句型。如:
He cannot run so/as fast as you.
3.表示前者的程度超過后者時用“比較級+than”句型。如:
Tom works harder than Peter.
He is more diligent than his brother.
4.表示前者的程度不如后者時用“less+原級+than”句型。如:
This book is less interesting than that one.
5.“比較級+and+比較級”可用來表示“越來越……”。如:
It is becoming colder and colder.
6.“the+比較級,the+比較級”表示“越……,就越……”。如:
The busier he is,the happier he feels.
7.要注意對應句型,遵循前后一致的原則。如:
The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.
The population of Shanghai is larger than Beijing.(錯)
8.要避免重復使用比較級。如:
He is more clever/cleverer than his brother.(對)
He is more cleverer than his brother.(錯)
He is less taller than I.(錯)
9.要避免將主語含在比較對象中。
China is larger than any other country in Asia./any country in Africa.(對)
China is larger than any country in Asia.(錯)
【典例分析】 (2024課標全國高考,26)The result is not very important to us,but if we do win,then so much ______.
A.the best
B.best
C.better
D.the better
答案為D項。在該題but后的分句中,if引導條件狀語從句,主句為省略形式,根據句意判斷是對贏和輸兩種情況進行比較,應用比較級形式,可排除A、B項;so much the better為固定短語,意為“那就更好了”。 句意:這結果對我們來說不很重要,但如果我們真的贏了,那就太好了。
(2024全國高考,13)Next to biology,I like physics ______.
A.better
B.best
C.the better
D.very well
答案為B項。句意:除了生物,我最喜歡物理。注意本題易誤選A項,其實此處并不是把生物和物理作比較,而是把物理與除生物之外的其他學科作比較,故選B項。
考點四:比較級和最高級前的狀語
1.比較級前常用表示程度的副詞(短語)作狀語,常見的有much/a lot/a great deal/a bit/a little/still/even/far/rather等,但是very/quite/fairly一般不用來修飾比較級。如:
Yao Ming is much/a lot/a great deal taller than I.
2.比較級前還常用名詞、數詞和倍數作狀語。如:
We have a third as many students as we had last term.
The river is three times as long as that one.
3.最高級常用by far/much或序數詞作狀語。如:
The population of China is by far the largest in the world.
Africa is the second largest continent.
【典例分析】 (2024課標全國高考,29)This restaurant wasn't______that other restaurant we went to.
A.half as good as
B.as half good as
C.as good as half
D.good as half as
答案為A項。如果表示兩個飯店一樣好,應用as good as,在比較句型中,程度狀語應放在第一個as或比較級之前,所以答案為A項。
考點五:形容詞作定語時的位置
1.通常置于所修飾的詞之前,但不定代詞的定語通常在后面。如:
Someone strange is asking to see you.
Something unexpected happened and we had to make some changes to our plan.
2.else常放在不定代詞和疑問代詞后面作定語。如:
No one else can answer the question.
3.多個形容詞作定語時的詞序為:大小、長短、高低形狀/年齡、新舊顏色/來源、國籍、地區、出處/材料/用途。如:
an expensive Japanese sports car,those three beautiful large square old brown wood table
【典例分析】 One day they crossed the ______ bridge behind the palace.
A.old Chinese stone
B.Chinese old stone
C.old stone Chinese
D.Chinese stone old
答案為A項。多個形容詞作定語修飾一個名詞時,排列的順序為:大小、年齡、形狀、顏色、來源、國籍、質地、用途。
考點六:比較級的否定
1.not用來否定比較級時,只陳述客觀事實。如:
Yi Jianlian is not taller than Yao Ming.
2.no用來否定比較級時,往往帶有感情色彩,對比較的兩者都否定。如:
The patient is no better than he was yesterday.
病人沒有比昨天好轉。
Sunlight is no less necessary than fresh air to a healthy body.日光和新鮮空氣對身體健康是同樣必不可少的。
3.“否定詞+不定冠詞+形容詞的比較級+名詞”或“否定詞+比較級”表示“從未……,未曾……”,常常表達最高級的意義。如:
This film is very moving.I have never seen a better one.
這部電影很感人,我從沒有看過一部比它更好的。
【典例分析】 (2011四川高考,12)—How was your recent trip to Sichuan?
—I've never had ______ one before.
A.a pleasant
B.a more pleasant
C.a most pleasant
D.the most pleasant
答案為B項。句意:——最近你到四川的旅行怎么樣?——從來沒有這么愉快過。否定詞never與a more pleasant連用,表示“非常愉快”,相當于最高級含義。the most pleasant是特指,需要有比較的范圍,但是這個范圍并不存在,因此D項錯誤。
誤區警示
1.形容詞或副詞的辨析易錯點
(2024福建高考,32)—Can you lend me the book Gone with the Wind?
—Sorry.I returned it to the library just now.Maybe it is still ______.
A.available
B.affordable
C.acceptable
D.valuable
【錯混透析】A available意為“可得到的,可找到的”;affordable意為“負擔得起,支付得起”;acceptable意為“可以接受的”;valuable意為“有價值的”。句意:——你能借給我《飄》那本書嗎?——對不起。我剛才把它還給圖書館了。也許還能借到它。該題錯選的原因要么是詞匯量不夠,要么是對句意理解不清。
(2024遼寧高考,22)We used to see each other
______,but I haven't heard from him since last year.
A.especially
B.regularly
C.particularly
D.approximately
【錯混透析】B 句意:我們以前經常見面,但自從去年就沒有收到他的來信了。especially意為“尤其,特別”;regularly意為“規則地,定期地”;particularly意為“特別地”;approximately意為“大約地”。根據句意可知B項正確。
【解題指導】
做這類題目時,有一定的詞匯儲備是基本條件。在掌握了各選項的詞義的基礎上,結合具體的語境,再通過對句意的理解,做出最恰當的選擇。
2.比較級、最高級的范圍易錯點
(2011全國高考,17)Mr Stevenson is great to work for—I really couldn't ask for a ______ boss.
A.better
B.good
C.best
D.still better
【錯混透析】 A 該題易誤選C項或D項。句意:為史蒂文森先生工作真好,我實在找不到比他更好的老板了。該句實際是把其他老板與史蒂文森先生進行兩者間的比較,否定詞couldn't與better連用,表達最高級含義。
【解題指導】
考查比較級和最高級的題目,分清比較的范圍是關鍵:
(1)兩個事物進行比較應用比較級,三個或三個以上事物進行比較應用最高級。做題時既要通過分析數量關系確定使用比較級還是最高級,又要注意通過句意和語境進行判斷,因為很多題目并沒有直接說明是幾者進行比較,而是把數量隱含在句意中。
(2)若題目為省略句,應根據語境和語意尋找被比較的對象,然后確定比較的范圍。
3.比較句型的易錯點
(2011陜西高考,17)The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be ______ the present one.
A.as three times big as
B.three times as big as
C.as big as three times
D.as big three times as
【錯混透析】 B 句意:“為下一屆亞運會而正在修建的新體育館將會是目前體育館的三倍大。”as...as表示同等比較,當表示倍數的詞作程度狀語時,應放在第一個as的前面。
【解題指導】
有關比較句型的題目應注意以下幾點:
(1)掌握比較級的幾個熱點句型:
同級比較句型:“as+原級+as”
不同級比較句型:“not as/so+原級+as”
表示一者的程度超過另一者的句型:“比較級+than”
表示一者的程度不如另一者的句型:“less+原級+than”
表示“越來越……”的句型:“比較級+and+比較級”
表示“越……,就越……”的句型:“the+比較級,the+比較級”
(2)做題時,要分析語境含義和句子結構,明確題目符合哪一種句型,要確保句型使用正確,如as...as中間是否是形容詞或副詞的原級、less后面是否錯用了比較級等。
(3)比較級前常有副詞或短語作程度狀語,但very/quite/fairly不用來修飾比較級。
(4)比較句型中還常用名詞、數詞和倍數作狀語,一定要把這些狀語放在比較級前或同級比較的第一個as前。
1.(2024濟南一模,13) I am leaving my ______ position because I cannot show my capabilities fully here.
A.present B.private
C.individual
D.personal
2.(2024山東泰安期末,30) A ______ identification card is required when you purchase foreign money from the Bank of China.