Module 1　British and American English

　　【美文閱讀】　

　　我們都知道美國和英國都說英語，但你知道英國英語和美國英語到底有什么區(qū)別嗎？下面讓我們來看究竟吧……

　　American and British English

　　American and British English spelling differences are one aspect of American and British

　　English differences.

　　In the early 18th century，English spelling was not standardized.Differences became noticeable(明顯的，顯著的) after the publishing of influential dictionaries.Current British English spellings follow，for the most part，those of Samuel Johnson's Dictionary of the English Language (1755)．Many of the now characteristic American English spellings were introduced，although not，for the most part，created，by Noah Webster in his American Dictionary of the English Language of 1828.

　　Webster was a strong proponent of spelling reform for reasons both philological and nationalistic.Many spelling changes proposed in the US by Webster himself，and in the early 20th century by the Simplified Spelling Board，never caught on.Among the advocates of

　　spelling reform in England，the influences of those who preferred the Norman (or Anglo-French) spellings of certain words proved decisive.Subsequent spelling adjustments in the UK had little effect on present-day US spelling，and vice versa(反的)．While in many cases American English deviated(偏離；脫離) in the 19th century from mainstream British spelling，on the other hand it has also often retained older forms.

　　The spelling systems of Commonwealth countries，for the most part，closely resemble the British system.In Canada，however，while most spelling is “British”，many “American” spellings are also used.Additional information on Canadian and Australian spelling is provided throughout the article.

　　【誘思導(dǎo)學(xué)】　

　　1．What does this passage mainly tell us?

　　【答案】　This passage mainly tells us American and British English spelling differences.

　　2．What influenced current British English spelling?

　　【答案】　Samuel Johnson's Dictionary of the English Language (1755)．

　　3．Did later spelling adjustments in the UK have influence on present-day words?

　　【答案】　No.

　　Period ⅠPreviewing

　　(教師用書獨具)

　　●課標技能要求

　　初步掌握本課文中的詞匯，淺層次理解課文，了解相關(guān)的背景知識。

　　●教學(xué)目標

　　本課時主要是通過學(xué)生對學(xué)案所給出的內(nèi)容的學(xué)習(xí)，了解本課文中所出現(xiàn)的詞匯，初步了解課文以及相關(guān)的背景知識，對下一堂課對課文的全面理解起到一個鋪墊作用。

　　●教學(xué)地位

　　本課是新高二的第一課，上好這一課至關(guān)重要，會給學(xué)生留下非常深刻的印象。剛剛進入高二，學(xué)生對語言的學(xué)習(xí)已經(jīng)有了初步的積累。通過本節(jié)的教學(xué)，讓學(xué)生了解“英式英語和美式英語”的異同，為語言的學(xué)習(xí)增加更多的感性材料。進一步確定高中英語怎樣學(xué)，學(xué)習(xí)方法上做些什么樣的調(diào)整等。所以，上好本堂課會讓學(xué)生對語言學(xué)習(xí)產(chǎn)生更深一步的認識。

　　(教師用書獨具)

　　●新課導(dǎo)入建議

　　Step 2.Lead-in

　　1．Do you like travelling?

　　Have you ever been to the other countries?

　　What do you know about Britain/American?

　　利用多媒體播放VCD或DVD介紹美國人和英國人所說的英語，請同學(xué)們注意其中的異同。

　　(Ask students to speak out as many as they can.)

　　2．What's the difference between the UK and the USA？(The teacher can show the students some pictures.)

　　(Ask the students to write down the differences and check with their partner.)

　　Step 2.Warming-up (Introduction)

　　1．Read two English letters and decide which is written by an American.

　　2．Comprehend quotations about the differences.

　　Step 3.Fast reading

　　1．Help students to grasp the main idea of the text by doing the task.

　　2．Read the titles and the first sentences of each paragraph and find four ways in which British and American English are different.

　　……

　　……

　　●教學(xué)流程設(shè)計

　　導(dǎo)入新課。→學(xué)生閱讀“美文閱讀”與“誘思導(dǎo)學(xué)”(見學(xué)案第1頁)。→→→→→學(xué)生共同討論，并讓學(xué)生發(fā)表各自見解，最后統(tǒng)一答案。→→老師指導(dǎo)學(xué)生討論，共同找出答案。→讓學(xué)生完成“知識初探”部分(見學(xué)案第2頁)。→學(xué)生討論，并讓學(xué)生代表發(fā)表他們討論得出的答案。老師予以更正。→讓學(xué)生根據(jù)所給出的表格進行自我評估(見學(xué)案第2頁)。→老師布置作業(yè)，讓學(xué)生看課本第1頁并完成課本第2頁1、2題和第3頁3、4、5題，預(yù)習(xí)學(xué)案Period Ⅱ(見學(xué)案第3～7頁)，列舉出英式英語和美式英語的異同。

　　(對應(yīng)學(xué)生用書第1頁)

　　Ⅰ.篇章結(jié)構(gòu)

　　閱讀文章，然后完成下面表格(每空不超過3個詞)

　　Items American English British English

　　Vocabulary automobile，1.

　　，gas，subway，cab car，motorway，petrol，underground，2.

　　Grammar 3.

　　...？ Have you got...？

　　My friend 4.

　　My friend has just arrived.

　　on the team，on the weekend；5.

　　！ in the team，6.

　　；Write to me soon！

　　Items American English British English

　　Spelling 7.

　　color，program centre，colour，8.

　　Pronunciation There is as much 9.

　　of pronunciation within the two countries as between them.

　　The developm-ent of English Some experts believe that the two varieties are moving 10.

　　.

　　【答案】　1.freeway　2.taxi　3.Do you have　4.just arrived　5.Write me soon　6.at the weekend　7.center　8.programme　9.variation　10.closer

　　Ⅱ.語篇理解

　　閱讀P2－3的Reading部分，從每題所給的3個選項中選擇最佳答案

　　1．The first and most obvious way about the differences between British and American English is

　　A．in spelling and pronunciation

　　B．only in grammar

　　C．of course in the vocabulary

　　2．“Two nations divided by a common language”implies

　　A．people from the two nations can't understand each other

　　B．the author of the phrase thought about the differences when he wrote the sentence

　　C．the two nations are completely different in speaking the common language

　　3．If you turn on CNN，you will find newsreaders and weather forecasters all speaking with

　　.

　　A．different accents

　　B．three accents of different countries

　　C．only American and Spanish accents

　　4．Webster is best-known for

　　.

　　A．his improving American written English

　　B．his American Dictionary of the English Language first published in 1828

　　C．his dictionary is still the number one dictionary for all the students all over the world

　　5．According to the passage，we know British and American English are different in

　　.

　　A．only two ways：vocabulary and pronunciation

　　B．the vocabulary，grammar，spelling and pronunciation

　　C．a(chǎn)lmost no ways

　　【答案】　1.C　2.B　3.A　4.B　5.B

　　Ⅲ.課文縮寫

　　用所給單詞或短語的正確形式完成課文縮寫

　　think about；vocabulary；accents；with a different meaning；made the remark；divided by；because of；communication；in many ways；pronunciation

　　British and American English are different

　　1

　　.The first and most obvious way is in the

　　2

　　.Hundreds of words，part of which are not so well-known ，are not used or used

　　3

　　.Grammar and prepositions are another two areas besides spelling and

　　4

　　.American spelling seems simpler.When the Irish writer George Bernard Shaw

　　5

　　that the British English and the Americans are two nations

　　6

　　a common language，he was obviously

　　7

　　the differences.But it is doubtful whether these differences are so important.Some experts believe British and American English are moving closer

　　8

　　the nonstop

　　9

　　between them.On the other hand，English is being spoken with different

　　10

　　.However，no matter how many “Englishes” there will be，the users of English will all be able to understand each other.

　　【答案】　1.in many ways　2.vocabulary　3.with a different meaning　4.pronunciation　5.made the remark　6.divided by　7.think about　8.because of　9.communication　10.accents

　　Ⅰ.詞義搭配

　　1．a(chǎn)ccent　A．to form or join a line of people

　　2．obvious

　　B．in a steady manner

　　3．queue

　　C．unclear and difficult to understand

　　4．confusing

　　D．easy to notice or understand.

　　5．compare

　　E．a(chǎn) way of pronouncing the words of a language that shows which country or area a person comes from

　　6．omit

　　F．to be different from something in some way

　　7．differ

　　G．to examine or judge two or more things in order to show how they are similar to or different from each other

　　8．steadily

　　H．to leave undone or leave out

　　【答案】　1.E　2.D　3.A　4.C　5.G　6.H　7.F　8.B

　　Ⅱ.短語填空

　　have difficulty (in) doing sth.；be similar to；lead to；have something in common；queue up；compare sth.with sth.；make a difference；get around

　　1．

　　your answers

　　those at the back of the book to see if they are right.

　　2．Whenever I

　　anything，I will ask my father for advice.

　　3．The sea air has

　　her health.

　　4．Hard work and dedication

　　success.

　　5．Although Hester and Camilla are women in different eras，they

　　.

　　6．We should

　　in public place.

　　【答案】　1.Compare，with　2.have difficulty in doing　3.made a difference to　4.lead to　5.have something in common　6.queue up

　　Ⅲ.句型背誦

　　1．America and England are two countries divided by a common language.

　　美國和英國是兩個被共同語言分開的國家。

　　2．You will prefer to get around the town by taxi (British) or cab (American)．

　　你愿意乘taxi(英式)或是cab(美式)游覽城市。

　　3．Americans use a flashlight，while for the British，it's a torch.

　　美國人把手電簡稱為“flashlight”，而英國人卻叫它“torch”。

　　4．Users of English will all be able to understand each other—wherever they are.

　　說英語的人無論在哪里都能夠彼此了解。

　　5．But it has also led to lots of American words and structures passing into British English，so that some people now believe that British English will disappear.

　　但它也導(dǎo)致了大量的美語單詞和結(jié)構(gòu)進入英語中，以至于現(xiàn)在許多人認為英式英語將會消失。

　　Period Ⅱ　Introduction & Reading and Speaking

　　(教師用書獨具)

　　●課標技能要求

　　重點詞匯的理解與應(yīng)用。

　　●教學(xué)目標

　　(1)熟記學(xué)案中所列出的單詞和短語。

　　(2)通過學(xué)案中所給出的重點單詞和重點短語的學(xué)習(xí)，讓學(xué)生能夠正確理解和使用這些單詞和短語，能夠運用這些詞語造句。

　　(3)通過對這些詞匯的理解能夠更深層次的理解課文，并通過課文加深對這些詞匯的理解，更加熟練的運用這些詞匯。

　　(4)通過對本課文的理解，讓學(xué)生學(xué)會用一般現(xiàn)在時、現(xiàn)在進行時、現(xiàn)在完成時和表示將來用法的句子和段落完成有關(guān)語言的區(qū)別表達，提高學(xué)生的書面表達能力。

　　●教學(xué)地位

　　單詞和短語是構(gòu)成句子的最小單位，在語言學(xué)習(xí)中起至關(guān)重要的作用，所以準確理解和正確運用英語單詞和短語是英語學(xué)習(xí)的重點所在。

　　(教師用書獨具)

　　●新課導(dǎo)入建議

　　Have you heard of BBC? Have you heard of VOA?

　　What are the differences between BBC and VOA? (通過學(xué)生非常熟悉的兩檔英語節(jié)目發(fā)問，引出本課的主題——英式英語與美式英語的差異。)

　　●教學(xué)流程設(shè)計

　　導(dǎo)入新課。→老師檢查上堂課所布置的作業(yè)，檢查學(xué)生對學(xué)案預(yù)習(xí)的情況。→→→→→讓學(xué)生完成“自我評估”(見學(xué)案第7頁)。→布置作業(yè)。讓學(xué)生完成課本第4頁第1、2題，“課時作業(yè)”(見學(xué)案第95頁)和預(yù)習(xí)Period Ⅲ(見學(xué)案第7～11頁)。

　　(對應(yīng)學(xué)生用書第3頁)

　　1．have...in common with和……有相同之處

　　We have really everything in common with America nowadays，except of course，language.(教材P1) 現(xiàn)在我們真的在各個方面與美國都差不多，當然，語言除外。

　　I have nothing in common with Jane.

　　我和簡毫無共同之處。

　　We had all things in common in those days.

　　那時我們共同分享一切東西。

　　have much/a lot/ something/ everything /nothing(little)in common(with)有很多/一些/所有/幾乎沒有共同之處

　　common practice慣例

　　common sense常識

　　in common共同的，共同享有的，共同使用的

　　in common with和……一樣；有共同之處

　　out of (the) common不尋常的，特殊的

　　In common with many other countries.Our country has experienced major changes over the last 30 years.

　　與許多別的國家一樣，我國在過去的30年里經(jīng)歷了重大變化。

　　He had noticed nothing out of the common.

　　他沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)異乎尋常的事。

　　common/ordinary/general/usual

　　common 意為“常見的，不足為奇的”，強調(diào)出現(xiàn)的次數(shù)頻繁或范圍廣泛。common 還可表示“共同的，共有的”。 用于 in common (with)，意為“(與……)有共同之處，共用”。

　　ordinary 意為“普通的，平凡的”，強調(diào)合乎常規(guī)、并不特殊。in ordinary dress 穿便服；an ordinary working day 一個普通工作日；用于 out of the ordinary，意為“不平常，非凡”。

　　general 意為“一般的，全體的，總(括)的”等。用于 in general，意為“總的說來，通常”等。

　　usual 意為“平素的，慣常的，通常的”，指經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)而不變。用于 than usual (比平常) 和 as usual(像往常一樣)。

　　This kind of birds is common in the countryside.

　　這種鳥在郊區(qū)很常見。

　　His ordinary supper consists of only bread and milk.

　　他通常的晚餐不過是面包和牛奶。

　　This book is intended for the general reader，not for the specialist.

　　這本書是為一般讀者寫的，不是為專家寫的。

　　As usual，he arrived early and started to work.

　　像往常一樣，他很早就到了，并開始工作。

　　用common/ordinary/general/usual填空

　　①Such a long delay is out of the

　　.

　　②We will meet at the

　　time.

　　③It's a mistake quite

　　among students.

　　④Children in

　　are fond of candy.

　　【答案】　①ordinary　②usual　③common　④general