必修4 Unit 3（2）

　　Unfortunately his father died，leaving the family even worse off，so Charlie spent his childhood looking after his sick mother and his brother.

　　不幸的是他的父親去世了，使得他的家庭狀況更糟了，因此查理的童年是在照顧生病的母親和弟弟中度過的。

　　leaving現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語。

　　①(2010·重慶卷)The news shocked the public，leading_to great concern about students’ safety at school.這條資訊使廣大民眾感到很震驚，引起了人們對(duì)在校學(xué)生安全的擔(dān)憂。

　　②European football is played in 80 countries，making it the most popular sport in the world.

　　八十個(gè)國(guó)家踢歐式足球，使它成為世界上最流行的運(yùn)動(dòng)。

　　現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語常表示“意料、情理之中”，而不定式作結(jié)果狀語常表出乎意料的結(jié)果。

　　③He hurried to the bus stop，only_to_find the bus had left.

　　他匆匆地去了車站，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)車已離開。

　　④Her father disappeared，never to be heard from again.

　　她的父親離家出走，從此杳無音訊。As Victor Hugo once said，“Laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face”，and up to now nobody has been able to do this better than Charlie Chaplin.

　　正如維克多雨果曾說過：“笑是陽光能驅(qū)趕人臉上的寒意”，直到現(xiàn)在為止沒有人能比查理卓別林更好地做到這一點(diǎn)。

　　as在此引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾后面整個(gè)句子，此時(shí)，定語從句的位置比較靈活，可放在句首、句中或句末，譯為“正如，正像”。

　　①(2011·陜西卷)As is known to all，the People’s Republic of China is the biggest developing country in the world.

　　眾所周知，中華人民共和國(guó)是世界上最大的發(fā)展中國(guó)家。

　　②(2024·浙江紹興考前適應(yīng)性檢測(cè))A good many proposals were raised in the meeting，as_was__expected.

　　正如所預(yù)料的一樣，在會(huì)議上提出了許多好建議。

　　辨析：as與which引導(dǎo)定語從句

　　(1)as引導(dǎo)的從句可置于句前，而which則不能。

　　(2)as引導(dǎo)的從句，有“正如……”之意，而which則沒有。

　　(3)當(dāng)先行詞被so，such，the same(指同樣的兩個(gè)，若指同一個(gè)，關(guān)系詞則用that)所修飾，或such，the same本身就是先行詞時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用as，不用which。

　　(4)當(dāng)as在從句中作主語時(shí)，后面常接實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)式，如果從句中的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞是主動(dòng)式，一般用which作主語。

　　③After graduating from college，I took some time off to go travelling，which turned out to be a wise decision.大學(xué)畢業(yè)后，他花費(fèi)一段時(shí)間旅游，結(jié)果成為一個(gè)明智的決定。

　　④He forgot to bring his pen with him，as was often the case.

　　他忘記帶筆，對(duì)他來說是常有的事。

　　⑤This is such a difficult question

　　這是一個(gè)那么難的問題，沒人能解決。

　　Ⅰ.完成句子

　　1．(2024·安徽卷)A lot of language learning，__________________(正如發(fā)現(xiàn)的那樣)，is happening in the first year of life，so parents should talk much to their children during that period.

　　答案：　as has been discovered

　　2．He spent four years getting a degree，________________(結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)) there were no jobs for graduates.

　　答案：　only to find

　　Ⅱ.單項(xiàng)填空

　　1．(2024·鹽城二模)The story showed marriage between people of different races，________was against the law at that time.

　　A．who B．which

　　C．whoever D．whichever

　　解析：　考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，指代前面的“marriage between people of different races”，并在從句中作主語，故用which引導(dǎo)。

　　B

　　2．(2024·寶雞二檢)The British are not so familiar with other cultures and ways of doing things，________is often the case in other countries.

　　A．that B．who

　　C．a(chǎn)s D．where

　　解析：　考查定語從句。句意為：英國(guó)人不太熟悉其他的文化以及做事方式，常常這一點(diǎn)在別的國(guó)家也是一樣的。as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，指代前面整個(gè)句子的內(nèi)容。

　　答案：　C

　　3．(2024·豫西五校聯(lián)考)________is shown in the report，teenager problems are often connected with family life education.

　　A．Which B．As

　　C．It D．What

　　解析：　考查定語從句。句意為：正如報(bào)告所顯示的那樣，青少年問題常與家庭教育相關(guān)。關(guān)系代詞as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，可位于句首，代指后面整個(gè)句子，作從句的主語。

　　答案：　B

　　4．(2024·安徽省淮北五校高三第四次聯(lián)考)Some people try to knock me down，only________me more determined to do things better.

　　A．to make B．makes

　　C．having made D．made

　　解析：　考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意為：一些人努力將我打倒，結(jié)果卻讓我決心做得更好。根據(jù)語意可知空處是不定式短語作結(jié)果狀語，通常與only連用，表示出乎意料的結(jié)果。

　　答案：　A

　　5．(2024·山東省膠東示范學(xué)校二模)More children in Beijing will reach school age next year，________a shortage of primary school teachers in the capital.

　　A．create

　　B．to create

　　C．creating D．created解析：　考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意為：明年在北京有更多的孩子到了上學(xué)的年齡，這導(dǎo)致小學(xué)教師短缺。結(jié)合句意可知，此處應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞的-ing形式作結(jié)果狀語，表示自然而然的結(jié)果。

　　答案：　C

　　occasion n．時(shí)刻；場(chǎng)合

　　Have you ever met with the occasion when you are mistaken?

　　你是否有過被人誤解的時(shí)候？

　　entertain vt.& vi.使歡樂；款待

　　entertain sb.with sth.＝sb.be entertained with sth.

　　用……使某人快樂

　　entertain sb.to sth.用……招待某人

　　They often entertained their friends to dinner at weekends.

　　他們常在周末招待朋友吃飯。

　　astonish vt.使驚詫

　　(1)

　　(2)astonished adj.感到驚訝的

　　(3)astonishing adj.令人吃驚的

　　China is developing at an astonishing speed，and will soon be one of the most powerful countries in the world.中國(guó)以令人驚訝的速度發(fā)展，不久將成為世界上最強(qiáng)大國(guó)家之一。

　　【寫作素材】

　　1．有時(shí)，我們會(huì)見到一些在社會(huì)上很失敗的人。

　　2．他們對(duì)生活不滿意，不想去克服困難。

　　3．他們中有些人很抑郁，不和外界接觸。

　　4．還有些人窮困潦倒，以致無家可歸。

　　提示：黑體部分用本單元詞匯表達(dá)。【連句成篇】

　　Sometimes，we see some social failures who are never

　　content with society and never think of overcoming difficulties.Some of them are depressed and cut off from the world.Some are so badly off that they become homeless.

　　v．-ing作表語、定語、賓補(bǔ)

　　1．(2024·成都二診)—Was it George who telephoned?

　　—No.A man________himself Peter.

　　A．called B．was called

　　C．calling

　　D．to call

　　解析：　考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意為：——是喬治打來的電話嗎？——不，是一個(gè)叫彼得的人。A man與call之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，且空處在句中作后置定語，故用call的現(xiàn)在分詞形式。

　　答案：　C

　　2．(2024·北京東城區(qū)綜合練習(xí)二)Don’t have the water________while you brush your teeth.

　　A．running B．run

　　C．to run D．ran

　　解析：　考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意為：當(dāng)你刷牙的時(shí)候別讓水龍頭一直開著。使役動(dòng)詞have的固定結(jié)構(gòu)為：have＋賓語＋現(xiàn)在分詞或不定式。此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。

　　答案：　A

　　3．(2024·四川省宜賓五校第二次調(diào)查考試)The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and________less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat.

　　A．being weighed

　　B．to weigh

　　C．weighed

　　D．weighing

　　解析：　考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。現(xiàn)在分詞短語weighing less than 40 pounds和介詞短語under the age of four同時(shí)作定語，修飾children，因?yàn)閏hildren和weigh是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故D項(xiàng)正確。

　　答案：　D

　　4．(2024·成都第一次診斷)The church________ from the 18th century is under repair at present.

　　A．dates B．to date

　　C．dated

　　D．dating

　　解析：　考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意為：建于18世紀(jì)的那座教堂目前正在被修繕。date from的意思是“追溯到，始于”。The church與date from之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故用dating。此句可以轉(zhuǎn)化為“The church that/which dates from the 18th century is under repair at present.”。

　　答案：　D

　　5．(2024·威海兩校模擬)The lady was so absorbed in her job that she didn’t hear a customer________at the door.

　　A．to knock B．knocking

　　C．be knocked D．knocked

　　解析：　考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意為：這位女士如此專注于她的工作以至于她沒有聽到有位顧客正在敲門。hear sb.doing sth.聽到某人正在做某事。

　　答案：　B

　　必修4 Unit 3（2）

　　Unfortunately his father died，leaving the family even worse off，so Charlie spent his childhood looking after his sick mother and his brother.

　　不幸的是他的父親去世了，使得他的家庭狀況更糟了，因此查理的童年是在照顧生病的母親和弟弟中度過的。

　　leaving現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語。

　　①(2010·重慶卷)The news shocked the public，leading_to great concern about students’ safety at school.這條資訊使廣大民眾感到很震驚，引起了人們對(duì)在校學(xué)生安全的擔(dān)憂。

　　②European football is played in 80 countries，making it the most popular sport in the world.

　　八十個(gè)國(guó)家踢歐式足球，使它成為世界上最流行的運(yùn)動(dòng)。

　　現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語常表示“意料、情理之中”，而不定式作結(jié)果狀語常表出乎意料的結(jié)果。

　　③He hurried to the bus stop，only_to_find the bus had left.

　　他匆匆地去了車站，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)車已離開。

　　④Her father disappeared，never to be heard from again.

　　她的父親離家出走，從此杳無音訊。As Victor Hugo once said，“Laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face”，and up to now nobody has been able to do this better than Charlie Chaplin.

　　正如維克多雨果曾說過：“笑是陽光能驅(qū)趕人臉上的寒意”，直到現(xiàn)在為止沒有人能比查理卓別林更好地做到這一點(diǎn)。

　　as在此引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾后面整個(gè)句子，此時(shí)，定語從句的位置比較靈活，可放在句首、句中或句末，譯為“正如，正像”。

　　①(2011·陜西卷)As is known to all，the People’s Republic of China is the biggest developing country in the world.

　　眾所周知，中華人民共和國(guó)是世界上最大的發(fā)展中國(guó)家。

　　②(2024·浙江紹興考前適應(yīng)性檢測(cè))A good many proposals were raised in the meeting，as_was__expected.

　　正如所預(yù)料的一樣，在會(huì)議上提出了許多好建議。

　　辨析：as與which引導(dǎo)定語從句

　　(1)as引導(dǎo)的從句可置于句前，而which則不能。

　　(2)as引導(dǎo)的從句，有“正如……”之意，而which則沒有。

　　(3)當(dāng)先行詞被so，such，the same(指同樣的兩個(gè)，若指同一個(gè)，關(guān)系詞則用that)所修飾，或such，the same本身就是先行詞時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用as，不用which。

　　(4)當(dāng)as在從句中作主語時(shí)，后面常接實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)式，如果從句中的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞是主動(dòng)式，一般用which作主語。

　　③After graduating from college，I took some time off to go travelling，which turned out to be a wise decision.大學(xué)畢業(yè)后，他花費(fèi)一段時(shí)間旅游，結(jié)果成為一個(gè)明智的決定。

　　④He forgot to bring his pen with him，as was often the case.

　　他忘記帶筆，對(duì)他來說是常有的事。

　　⑤This is such a difficult question

　　這是一個(gè)那么難的問題，沒人能解決。

　　Ⅰ.完成句子

　　1．(2024·安徽卷)A lot of language learning，__________________(正如發(fā)現(xiàn)的那樣)，is happening in the first year of life，so parents should talk much to their children during that period.

　　答案：　as has been discovered

　　2．He spent four years getting a degree，________________(結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)) there were no jobs for graduates.

　　答案：　only to find

　　Ⅱ.單項(xiàng)填空

　　1．(2024·鹽城二模)The story showed marriage between people of different races，________was against the law at that time.

　　A．who B．which

　　C．whoever D．whichever

　　解析：　考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，指代前面的“marriage between people of different races”，并在從句中作主語，故用which引導(dǎo)。

　　B

　　2．(2024·寶雞二檢)The British are not so familiar with other cultures and ways of doing things，________is often the case in other countries.

　　A．that B．who

　　C．a(chǎn)s D．where

　　解析：　考查定語從句。句意為：英國(guó)人不太熟悉其他的文化以及做事方式，常常這一點(diǎn)在別的國(guó)家也是一樣的。as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，指代前面整個(gè)句子的內(nèi)容。

　　答案：　C

　　3．(2024·豫西五校聯(lián)考)________is shown in the report，teenager problems are often connected with family life education.

　　A．Which B．As

　　C．It D．What

　　解析：　考查定語從句。句意為：正如報(bào)告所顯示的那樣，青少年問題常與家庭教育相關(guān)。關(guān)系代詞as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，可位于句首，代指后面整個(gè)句子，作從句的主語。

　　答案：　B

　　4．(2024·安徽省淮北五校高三第四次聯(lián)考)Some people try to knock me down，only________me more determined to do things better.

　　A．to make B．makes

　　C．having made D．made

　　解析：　考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意為：一些人努力將我打倒，結(jié)果卻讓我決心做得更好。根據(jù)語意可知空處是不定式短語作結(jié)果狀語，通常與only連用，表示出乎意料的結(jié)果。

　　答案：　A

　　5．(2024·山東省膠東示范學(xué)校二模)More children in Beijing will reach school age next year，________a shortage of primary school teachers in the capital.

　　A．create

　　B．to create

　　C．creating D．created解析：　考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意為：明年在北京有更多的孩子到了上學(xué)的年齡，這導(dǎo)致小學(xué)教師短缺。結(jié)合句意可知，此處應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞的-ing形式作結(jié)果狀語，表示自然而然的結(jié)果。

　　答案：　C

　　occasion n．時(shí)刻；場(chǎng)合

　　Have you ever met with the occasion when you are mistaken?

　　你是否有過被人誤解的時(shí)候？

　　entertain vt.& vi.使歡樂；款待

　　entertain sb.with sth.＝sb.be entertained with sth.

　　用……使某人快樂

　　entertain sb.to sth.用……招待某人

　　They often entertained their friends to dinner at weekends.

　　他們常在周末招待朋友吃飯。

　　astonish vt.使驚詫

　　(1)

　　(2)astonished adj.感到驚訝的

　　(3)astonishing adj.令人吃驚的

　　China is developing at an astonishing speed，and will soon be one of the most powerful countries in the world.中國(guó)以令人驚訝的速度發(fā)展，不久將成為世界上最強(qiáng)大國(guó)家之一。

　　【寫作素材】

　　1．有時(shí)，我們會(huì)見到一些在社會(huì)上很失敗的人。

　　2．他們對(duì)生活不滿意，不想去克服困難。

　　3．他們中有些人很抑郁，不和外界接觸。

　　4．還有些人窮困潦倒，以致無家可歸。

　　提示：黑體部分用本單元詞匯表達(dá)。【連句成篇】

　　Sometimes，we see some social failures who are never

　　content with society and never think of overcoming difficulties.Some of them are depressed and cut off from the world.Some are so badly off that they become homeless.

　　v．-ing作表語、定語、賓補(bǔ)

　　1．(2024·成都二診)—Was it George who telephoned?

　　—No.A man________himself Peter.

　　A．called B．was called

　　C．calling

　　D．to call

　　解析：　考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意為：——是喬治打來的電話嗎？——不，是一個(gè)叫彼得的人。A man與call之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，且空處在句中作后置定語，故用call的現(xiàn)在分詞形式。

　　答案：　C

　　2．(2024·北京東城區(qū)綜合練習(xí)二)Don’t have the water________while you brush your teeth.

　　A．running B．run

　　C．to run D．ran

　　解析：　考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意為：當(dāng)你刷牙的時(shí)候別讓水龍頭一直開著。使役動(dòng)詞have的固定結(jié)構(gòu)為：have＋賓語＋現(xiàn)在分詞或不定式。此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。

　　答案：　A

　　3．(2024·四川省宜賓五校第二次調(diào)查考試)The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and________less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat.

　　A．being weighed

　　B．to weigh

　　C．weighed

　　D．weighing

　　解析：　考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。現(xiàn)在分詞短語weighing less than 40 pounds和介詞短語under the age of four同時(shí)作定語，修飾children，因?yàn)閏hildren和weigh是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故D項(xiàng)正確。

　　答案：　D

　　4．(2024·成都第一次診斷)The church________ from the 18th century is under repair at present.

　　A．dates B．to date

　　C．dated

　　D．dating

　　解析：　考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意為：建于18世紀(jì)的那座教堂目前正在被修繕。date from的意思是“追溯到，始于”。The church與date from之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故用dating。此句可以轉(zhuǎn)化為“The church that/which dates from the 18th century is under repair at present.”。

　　答案：　D

　　5．(2024·威海兩校模擬)The lady was so absorbed in her job that she didn’t hear a customer________at the door.

　　A．to knock B．knocking

　　C．be knocked D．knocked

　　解析：　考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意為：這位女士如此專注于她的工作以至于她沒有聽到有位顧客正在敲門。hear sb.doing sth.聽到某人正在做某事。

　　答案：　B