簡單句合并成并列句或復合句

　　有時為了增強意義，使句子更加連貫，結構更加緊湊，語言更加生動，信息更加準確，我們要對簡單句進行整合。如果我們把兩個或兩個以上的簡單句由并列連詞and, but, or等連在一起，我們就得到并列句。如：

　　Last year I met Kate. We became friends.

　　→Last year I met Kate and we became friends.

　　去年我和凱特相遇，我們成了朋友。

　　The future is bright. The road is tortuous. → The future is bright but the road is tortuous.

　　前途是光明的，但是道路是曲折的。

　　Put on more clothes. You'll catch a cold.

　　→ Put on more clothes or you'll catch a cold.

　　多穿點衣服，否則你會感冒。

　　School is over. All the teachers are still working. → School is over, yet all the teachers are still working.

　　學校放學了，可是老師們仍然在工作。

　　若在兩個或多個簡單句之間加上when, after, because, which, who, where, why等從屬連詞，我們就可以使簡單句變成復合句，從而擴展成高級句子。 【例1】 The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures. They were at the Great Wall. (改為含狀語從句的復合句)

　　→ The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.

　　外國游客在長城上拍了很多照片。

　　【例2】 a. The weather turned out to be very good. It was more than we could expect.(改為含定語從句的復合句)

　　→The weather turned out to be very good，which was more than we could expect.

　　天氣轉晴了，這是我們沒有想到的。

　　b. The weather turned out to be very good. It was more than we could expect.(改為含名詞性從句的復合句)

　　→It was more than we could expect that the weather turned out to be very good. 按要求完成句子 　

　　1. You can have a rest. You can go to the cinema.(合并成一個并列句)

　　_____________________________________________ You can have a rest or you can go to the cinema.

　　2. We can send e-mails anywhere at any time. We can get the latest information from the Internet. (合并成一個并列句) __________________________________________________________________________________ 　 3. You must tell the truth. You will be punished. (合并成一個并列句) ___________________________________________ 　

　　We can send e-mails anywhere at any time and we can get the latest information from the Internet.

　　You must tell the truth，or you will be punished.

　　4. She has difficulty in learning English. She works hard. She is making rapid progress. (合并成一個并列句) __________________________________________________________________________________ 　

　　She has difficulty in learning English, but she works hard and is making rapid progress.

　　5. The news encouraged us all greatly. Our women volleyball team had won the championship. (改為含名詞性從句的復合句) __________________________________________________________________________________

　　The news that our women volleyball team had won the championship encouraged us all greatly.

　　6. A man doesn't learn from others. A man can't achieve much. (改為含定語從句的復合句) ________________________________________________________________________

　　A man who doesn't learn from others can't achieve much.

　　7. The film had begun. We got to the cinema. (改為含狀語從句的復合句) ___________________________________________

　　The film had begun when we got to the cinema. Part 2 Of 2 8. settle vt.& vi. ①定居,殖民

　　After years of travel, we decided to settle here.

　　旅行多年后, 我們決定在此定居。

　　②短暫停留

　　Dust has settled on the furniture.

　　家具上已積滿灰塵。 ③解決問題, 處理爭端

　　settle a dispute / an argument / an issue

　　解決爭端/爭論/問題

　　The two companies settled out of court.

　　兩家公司在法院外解決了爭端。 9. protest vi. 抗議

　　常用搭配為protest against / about / at sth. 抗議,

　　反對(某事物),(對某事)提出異議

　　She protested strongly at being described as ugly.

　　她極力反對別人說她丑。

　　They protested to the mayor that the taxes were

　　too high.

　　他們向市長提出抗議說稅款過高。

　　固定短語：protest too much 過猶不及 10. average, general與common ①average作名詞時有“平均、平均數”的意思。

　　The average age of the boys in this class is fifteen.

　　這班男生的平均年齡是15歲。

　　常見的用法是an average of…

　　The newspaper receives an average of nearly 100

　　articles a day.

　　那個報社一天平均要收到近100篇來稿。 作形容詞,意思是“一般的,普通的,中等的,平均 的”,所以average person意思就是“普通人、老 百姓”。children of average intelligence 智力一 般的孩子。 on average 平均來講 400 people a year die of this disease on average. 平均每年有400人死于這種病。 ②general指“整體的,總體的”,強調共性,與

　　individual相對。

　　generally speaking 總的來說 ③common指“共同的”。

　　common sense 常識 1.2004-The Day after Tomorrow is a movie about

　　global warming and how it will destroy cities and

　　change the world in the future.

　　2004——《后天》是一部關于全球變暖及其將

　　來如何毀壞城市和改變世界的電影。

　　how it will…in the future為疑問詞how引導的賓

　　語從句, 與global warming并列, 作about的賓語。 所有的賓語從句，必須使用陳述語序。 Can you tell me what she is reading？(正) Can you tell me what is she reading？(誤)

　　Dick asked Lucy ______________________ .

　　迪克問露西多大年紀了。 — Do you remember ___________________ ?

　　— Yes, I do.

　　He came by car.

　　——你還記得他是怎樣來的嗎？

　　——是的, 我記得他是坐汽車來的。 how old she was how he came 2. How do you think technology will change our

　　lives？

　　你認為科技對我們的生活會有怎樣的影響？

　　在“特殊疑問詞 + do you think + 陳述句

　　語序的內容”構成的特殊疑問句中，do you

　　think/know/suppose/expect為插入語，其之前

　　為特殊疑問詞how/ what/ when/where等，其后

　　的內容用陳述句語序。 你認為我們應該去哪里找這個謀殺者？ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ Where do you think we should go to find the murderer？ 3. It is+adj.+that+從句

　　“It is+adj.+that+從句”是一個常用句型。經常 在這個句型中出現的形容詞有necessary, possible,

　　impossible, clear, obvious, certain, hard, difficult,

　　easy, important, strange, natural等,其中形容詞是用 來描述從句的內容。 It’s very important that we teach the children

　　about road safety.

　　把交通安全常識教給孩子們是非常重要的。

　　通過以上的例句,我們不難發現：it在此句 中作形式主語, 句子真正的主語是后面的that從 句,為什么會出現形式主語呢？那是為了避免句 子的頭重腳輕。

　　關于it作為形式主語,還有下列常用句型： ①It＋be＋adj.＋(for sb.) to do sth.，此句型中的

　　形容詞是對to do sth.加以說明,所以此句一般可

　　以改成：To do sth. is＋adj.

　　經常用于此句型中作表語的形容詞有：

　　difficult, hard, easy, common, possible, necessary,

　　important等。

　　It is not difficult to work out the problem.

　　=To work out the problem is not difficult.

　　要解決這個問題并不太難。 ②It＋be＋adj.＋of＋sb.＋to do sth.，此句型的形

　　容詞對sb.進行說明,所以該句型可以改為：

　　Sb.＋be＋adj.＋to do sth.

　　常用于此句型中的形容詞有good, kind, nice,

　　wise, clever, silly, stupid, foolish, wrong, impolite

　　等描述人物的形容詞。

　　It’s very kind of you to lend me your pen.

　　=You are very kind to lend me your pen.

　　你借給我筆真是太好了。 ③It＋be＋名詞詞組＋to do sth.，此句型中的名

　　詞詞組是對to do sth.的判斷或說明,所以此句

　　型可改為To do sth. is＋名詞詞組,常用此句型

　　的名詞詞組有：a pity, a pleasure, good advice,

　　the custom, good / bad manners等。

　　Before entering a house in some Asian countries,

　　it is good manners to take off your shoes.

　　在某些亞洲國家,進屋子之前脫下鞋子是禮貌的。 ④It＋be＋過去分詞＋that從句,此句型可以改為：

　　Sb.+ be＋過去分詞＋to do sth.,常用于此句型

　　的動詞有：report, know, say, believe, tell, prove,

　　hope, expect, think等(此句型已在第三單元講過)。

　　It is known that the Chinese people is a industrious

　　people.

　　眾所周知，中華民族是一個勤勞的民族。 ⑤It＋be＋no＋n.＋doing sth.，用于此句型的名

　　詞有good, use, point等。

　　It is no good reading under the sun.

　　在太陽底下讀書是沒有好處的。 ⑥It＋動詞＋that (as if)從句，用于此句型的動詞

　　有look, seem, appear, happen等。

　　It looks as if it will rain before long.

　　看起來一會兒就要下雨了。 犯這樣一個錯誤你太愚蠢了。

　　_____________________________________

　　_____________________________________ 據說他在這次英語競賽中獲得了第一名。

　　_____________________________________

　　_____________________________________

　　_____________________________________

　　_____________________________________ It was foolish of you to make such a mistake. / You were foolish to make such a mistake.

　　It was said that he had won the first prize in the English competition. / He was said to have won the first prize in the English competition. 抱怨是沒用的。

　　_____________________________________ It is no point complaining. 4. We would not only be able to travel around the

　　world, but also go to study in any world famous

　　universities we wanted to.

　　我們不僅可以環游世界，而且可以在我們想

　　去的任何一所世界著名學府學習。

　　not only…but (also)…

　　意為“不但……而且……”,常用來連接兩個

　　對等的成分。

　　①當它們連接兩個并列主語時,謂語動詞的數應

　　與最近的主語一致。

　　Not only you but (also) I am a teacher.

　　不僅你而且我也是一名老師。 ②當not only…but (also)…連接兩個并列分句且

　　not only置于句首時,not only分句常采用部分

　　倒裝語序。

　　Not only does he work hard, but he is (also) very

　　clever.

　　他不僅學習刻苦,而且還很聰明。 5. But I still find it hard to imagine.

　　但我仍然覺得這很難想象。

　　find it hard (for sb.) to do sth.

　　這是“動詞+it+形容詞/名詞+動詞不定式”

　　結構,其中it是形式賓語,真正的賓語是后面的

　　動詞不定式短語。其后可接形式賓語it的動詞

　　主要有：make, think, believe, find, consider,

　　feel等。 I find it very difficult to write letters in Chinese.

　　我發現用漢語寫信很困難。 在這句話中,句子的形式賓語為it,真正的賓語 為to write letters in Chinese,可以理解為：I find

　　to write letters in Chinese very difficult, 由于賓語 過長，通常把它放在后面。

　　This made it hard for me to control it. 這讓我很難控制住它。 I consider it a great honor to be invited to a dinner. 我認為被邀請參加宴會是很大的榮幸。 我發現研究外國文化很有意思。

　　_____________________________________

　　_____________________________________ 他覺得幫助有需要的人是他的責任。

　　_____________________________________

　　I found it very interesting to study foreign culture. He feels it his duty to help the people in need.

　　簡單句合并成并列句或復合句

　　有時為了增強意義，使句子更加連貫，結構更加緊湊，語言更加生動，信息更加準確，我們要對簡單句進行整合。如果我們把兩個或兩個以上的簡單句由并列連詞and, but, or等連在一起，我們就得到并列句。如：

　　Last year I met Kate. We became friends.

　　→Last year I met Kate and we became friends.

　　去年我和凱特相遇，我們成了朋友。

　　The future is bright. The road is tortuous. → The future is bright but the road is tortuous.

　　前途是光明的，但是道路是曲折的。

　　Put on more clothes. You'll catch a cold.

　　→ Put on more clothes or you'll catch a cold.

　　多穿點衣服，否則你會感冒。

　　School is over. All the teachers are still working. → School is over, yet all the teachers are still working.

　　學校放學了，可是老師們仍然在工作。

　　若在兩個或多個簡單句之間加上when, after, because, which, who, where, why等從屬連詞，我們就可以使簡單句變成復合句，從而擴展成高級句子。 【例1】 The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures. They were at the Great Wall. (改為含狀語從句的復合句)

　　→ The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.

　　外國游客在長城上拍了很多照片。

　　【例2】 a. The weather turned out to be very good. It was more than we could expect.(改為含定語從句的復合句)

　　→The weather turned out to be very good，which was more than we could expect.

　　天氣轉晴了，這是我們沒有想到的。

　　b. The weather turned out to be very good. It was more than we could expect.(改為含名詞性從句的復合句)

　　→It was more than we could expect that the weather turned out to be very good. 按要求完成句子 　

　　1. You can have a rest. You can go to the cinema.(合并成一個并列句)

　　_____________________________________________ You can have a rest or you can go to the cinema.

　　2. We can send e-mails anywhere at any time. We can get the latest information from the Internet. (合并成一個并列句) __________________________________________________________________________________ 　 3. You must tell the truth. You will be punished. (合并成一個并列句) ___________________________________________ 　

　　We can send e-mails anywhere at any time and we can get the latest information from the Internet.

　　You must tell the truth，or you will be punished.

　　4. She has difficulty in learning English. She works hard. She is making rapid progress. (合并成一個并列句) __________________________________________________________________________________ 　

　　She has difficulty in learning English, but she works hard and is making rapid progress.

　　5. The news encouraged us all greatly. Our women volleyball team had won the championship. (改為含名詞性從句的復合句) __________________________________________________________________________________

　　The news that our women volleyball team had won the championship encouraged us all greatly.

　　6. A man doesn't learn from others. A man can't achieve much. (改為含定語從句的復合句) ________________________________________________________________________

　　A man who doesn't learn from others can't achieve much.

　　7. The film had begun. We got to the cinema. (改為含狀語從句的復合句) ___________________________________________

　　The film had begun when we got to the cinema. Part 2 Of 2 8. settle vt.& vi. ①定居,殖民

　　After years of travel, we decided to settle here.

　　旅行多年后, 我們決定在此定居。

　　②短暫停留

　　Dust has settled on the furniture.

　　家具上已積滿灰塵。 ③解決問題, 處理爭端

　　settle a dispute / an argument / an issue

　　解決爭端/爭論/問題

　　The two companies settled out of court.

　　兩家公司在法院外解決了爭端。 9. protest vi. 抗議

　　常用搭配為protest against / about / at sth. 抗議,

　　反對(某事物),(對某事)提出異議

　　She protested strongly at being described as ugly.

　　她極力反對別人說她丑。

　　They protested to the mayor that the taxes were

　　too high.

　　他們向市長提出抗議說稅款過高。

　　固定短語：protest too much 過猶不及 10. average, general與common ①average作名詞時有“平均、平均數”的意思。

　　The average age of the boys in this class is fifteen.

　　這班男生的平均年齡是15歲。

　　常見的用法是an average of…

　　The newspaper receives an average of nearly 100

　　articles a day.

　　那個報社一天平均要收到近100篇來稿。 作形容詞,意思是“一般的,普通的,中等的,平均 的”,所以average person意思就是“普通人、老 百姓”。children of average intelligence 智力一 般的孩子。 on average 平均來講 400 people a year die of this disease on average. 平均每年有400人死于這種病。 ②general指“整體的,總體的”,強調共性,與

　　individual相對。

　　generally speaking 總的來說 ③common指“共同的”。

　　common sense 常識 1.2004-The Day after Tomorrow is a movie about

　　global warming and how it will destroy cities and

　　change the world in the future.

　　2004——《后天》是一部關于全球變暖及其將

　　來如何毀壞城市和改變世界的電影。

　　how it will…in the future為疑問詞how引導的賓

　　語從句, 與global warming并列, 作about的賓語。 所有的賓語從句，必須使用陳述語序。 Can you tell me what she is reading？(正) Can you tell me what is she reading？(誤)

　　Dick asked Lucy ______________________ .

　　迪克問露西多大年紀了。 — Do you remember ___________________ ?

　　— Yes, I do.

　　He came by car.

　　——你還記得他是怎樣來的嗎？

　　——是的, 我記得他是坐汽車來的。 how old she was how he came 2. How do you think technology will change our

　　lives？

　　你認為科技對我們的生活會有怎樣的影響？

　　在“特殊疑問詞 + do you think + 陳述句

　　語序的內容”構成的特殊疑問句中，do you

　　think/know/suppose/expect為插入語，其之前

　　為特殊疑問詞how/ what/ when/where等，其后

　　的內容用陳述句語序。 你認為我們應該去哪里找這個謀殺者？ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ Where do you think we should go to find the murderer？ 3. It is+adj.+that+從句

　　“It is+adj.+that+從句”是一個常用句型。經常 在這個句型中出現的形容詞有necessary, possible,

　　impossible, clear, obvious, certain, hard, difficult,

　　easy, important, strange, natural等,其中形容詞是用 來描述從句的內容。 It’s very important that we teach the children

　　about road safety.

　　把交通安全常識教給孩子們是非常重要的。

　　通過以上的例句,我們不難發現：it在此句 中作形式主語, 句子真正的主語是后面的that從 句,為什么會出現形式主語呢？那是為了避免句 子的頭重腳輕。

　　關于it作為形式主語,還有下列常用句型： ①It＋be＋adj.＋(for sb.) to do sth.，此句型中的

　　形容詞是對to do sth.加以說明,所以此句一般可

　　以改成：To do sth. is＋adj.

　　經常用于此句型中作表語的形容詞有：

　　difficult, hard, easy, common, possible, necessary,

　　important等。

　　It is not difficult to work out the problem.

　　=To work out the problem is not difficult.

　　要解決這個問題并不太難。 ②It＋be＋adj.＋of＋sb.＋to do sth.，此句型的形

　　容詞對sb.進行說明,所以該句型可以改為：

　　Sb.＋be＋adj.＋to do sth.

　　常用于此句型中的形容詞有good, kind, nice,

　　wise, clever, silly, stupid, foolish, wrong, impolite

　　等描述人物的形容詞。

　　It’s very kind of you to lend me your pen.

　　=You are very kind to lend me your pen.

　　你借給我筆真是太好了。 ③It＋be＋名詞詞組＋to do sth.，此句型中的名

　　詞詞組是對to do sth.的判斷或說明,所以此句

　　型可改為To do sth. is＋名詞詞組,常用此句型

　　的名詞詞組有：a pity, a pleasure, good advice,

　　the custom, good / bad manners等。

　　Before entering a house in some Asian countries,

　　it is good manners to take off your shoes.

　　在某些亞洲國家,進屋子之前脫下鞋子是禮貌的。 ④It＋be＋過去分詞＋that從句,此句型可以改為：

　　Sb.+ be＋過去分詞＋to do sth.,常用于此句型

　　的動詞有：report, know, say, believe, tell, prove,

　　hope, expect, think等(此句型已在第三單元講過)。

　　It is known that the Chinese people is a industrious

　　people.

　　眾所周知，中華民族是一個勤勞的民族。 ⑤It＋be＋no＋n.＋doing sth.，用于此句型的名

　　詞有good, use, point等。

　　It is no good reading under the sun.

　　在太陽底下讀書是沒有好處的。 ⑥It＋動詞＋that (as if)從句，用于此句型的動詞

　　有look, seem, appear, happen等。

　　It looks as if it will rain before long.

　　看起來一會兒就要下雨了。 犯這樣一個錯誤你太愚蠢了。

　　_____________________________________

　　_____________________________________ 據說他在這次英語競賽中獲得了第一名。

　　_____________________________________

　　_____________________________________

　　_____________________________________

　　_____________________________________ It was foolish of you to make such a mistake. / You were foolish to make such a mistake.

　　It was said that he had won the first prize in the English competition. / He was said to have won the first prize in the English competition. 抱怨是沒用的。

　　_____________________________________ It is no point complaining. 4. We would not only be able to travel around the

　　world, but also go to study in any world famous

　　universities we wanted to.

　　我們不僅可以環游世界，而且可以在我們想

　　去的任何一所世界著名學府學習。

　　not only…but (also)…

　　意為“不但……而且……”,常用來連接兩個

　　對等的成分。

　　①當它們連接兩個并列主語時,謂語動詞的數應

　　與最近的主語一致。

　　Not only you but (also) I am a teacher.

　　不僅你而且我也是一名老師。 ②當not only…but (also)…連接兩個并列分句且

　　not only置于句首時,not only分句常采用部分

　　倒裝語序。

　　Not only does he work hard, but he is (also) very

　　clever.

　　他不僅學習刻苦,而且還很聰明。 5. But I still find it hard to imagine.

　　但我仍然覺得這很難想象。

　　find it hard (for sb.) to do sth.

　　這是“動詞+it+形容詞/名詞+動詞不定式”

　　結構,其中it是形式賓語,真正的賓語是后面的

　　動詞不定式短語。其后可接形式賓語it的動詞

　　主要有：make, think, believe, find, consider,

　　feel等。 I find it very difficult to write letters in Chinese.

　　我發現用漢語寫信很困難。 在這句話中,句子的形式賓語為it,真正的賓語 為to write letters in Chinese,可以理解為：I find

　　to write letters in Chinese very difficult, 由于賓語 過長，通常把它放在后面。

　　This made it hard for me to control it. 這讓我很難控制住它。 I consider it a great honor to be invited to a dinner. 我認為被邀請參加宴會是很大的榮幸。 我發現研究外國文化很有意思。

　　_____________________________________

　　_____________________________________ 他覺得幫助有需要的人是他的責任。

　　_____________________________________

　　I found it very interesting to study foreign culture. He feels it his duty to help the people in need.