2024屆高考英語考前沖刺經典詞匯that、it、While用法詳解

　　1. that

　　that用作代詞

　　1. that 用作指示代詞（復數形式是those），其指代意義同形容詞用法，同時它還可以用作定語從句中的先行詞；還可為了避免重復，代替前述名詞。

　　[解題指導]1.that用于代替前面提到的名詞，以避免重復。以代替帶定冠詞（the）或限定詞的可數名詞單數或不可數名詞，表特指，其后常有修飾語，常用于比較句型。

　　[典型例句] The weather in Harbin is colder than that in Dalian in winter.（that代替不可數名詞weather)

　　That is what he told me.

　　What is that (which) you have got in your hand?

　　The price of rice is higher than that of flour.

　　[考題回顧] I'm moving to the countryside because the air there is much fresher than _______ in the city．

　　A ．ones

　　B．one

　　C ．that

　　D．there

　　C。that代替不可數名詞the air，用于比較句型，in the city為后置定語。

　　2. that 用作關系代詞，引導限制性定語從句。先行詞可人可物，用法相當于who或which。（但是在下列情況下多用that：先行詞既有人又有物時；先行詞有形容詞最高級、序數詞、不定代詞、very，only等修飾時；先行詞是不定代詞時）

　　2．that用作指示代詞或限定詞，指較遠的一個“那，那個”，或指上文已提到的兩點中的前一點，其后一點用this表示。

　　[典型例題]Play and work are both necessary to health;＿gives us rest and＿gives us energy.

　　A．that；this

　　B．one；the other

　　C . one；another

　　D．this ;

　　that

　　He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited.

　　I think it one of the most wonderful films that the film company has ever produced.

　　She has little information that is useful for our research.

　　Is there anything that I can do for you?

　　請注意，that 在定語從句中作賓語時通常可省略。

　　The books (that) I sent you will help you in your studies.

　　析：選A。 that指兩點中的前一點play, this指后一點，即work

　　[考題回顧]It was said ______ was all ______boy

　　had said.

　　A．that what；what that

　　B．what that ;that what

　　C. what what ; that that

　　D．that that；that that

　　D。第一個that是主語從句中的that，句型為it was said that…；第二個that是代詞，意思是“那”；第三個that是定語從句的關系代詞，在定語從句中作said的賓語；第四個that是限定詞，that boy意 思是“那個男孩”。本句的意思是“據說那就是那個男孩所說的一切。”

　　that用作副詞

　　[解題指導]that用作副詞修飾形容詞、副詞，相當于so。

　　[典型例句]I earn little money each month, so Ican't afford that dear a car．

　　[考題回顧]Sometimes it was a bit boring to work there because there wasn't always _______ much to do.

　　A ．such

　　B. that

　　C．more

　　D ．very．

　　B。that用作副詞相當于so。原題暗含意思為“雖然不很多，但還是有那么多”。

　　that

　　［解題總原則］that在名詞性從句中作連接詞有三大要訣：①that在名詞性從句中不做成分；②that在名詞性從句中沒有意思；③that在名詞性從句中只起連接作用。

　　[解題指導]1. that 引導主語從句的常用句型：①It+ be十形容詞＋that從句，如It is important that he(should) attend the meeting.②It十be＋名詞詞組＋that從句，如：It is a pity that so beautiful a lady married such an ugly man．③it＋be＋v-ed＋that從句，如：It is reported that there will be a storm this afternoon．④it十seems/appears等不及物動詞＋that從句，如：It seems that he is wrong . It now appears that they are in urgent need of help．

　　[考題回顧]＿fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect．

　　A．What

　　B．That

　　C.

　　This

　　D. Which

　　析：選B。此題中that是主語從句的連接詞，它不做句子成分，沒有意思，只起連接作用。它在主語從句中不能省略。

　　[解題指導]2.在think, believe, suppose, expect等動詞后面的賓語從句中的否定詞要前移；在許多帶復合賓語的句子中，that引導的賓語從句經常被移到句子后面，而用it做形式賓語。如：We thought it a pity that she should have missed the chance．

　　[考題回顧] The suit fitted him well＿the colour was little brighter．

　　A .except for

　　B. except that

　　C. except when

　　D.besides

　　析：選B,這是except引導的賓語從句。

　　[解題指導]3. that引導表語從句常表示事實、真理等的實際內容，或表示某人的意見、信念等的實際內容。如：The fact is that he is lying．Our belief is that things will improve．

　　1．

　　-Don't you think it necessary that he＿to Miami but to New York?

　　-I agree，but the problem is＿he has refused to．

　　A ．will not be sent；that

　　B ．not be sent；that

　　C ．should not be sent；what

　　D ．should not send；what

　　析：選B,第一空是that引導的賓語從句，其中的should被省略；第二空是that引導的表語從句，to后面省略了be sent to New York。

　　2. One advantage of playing the guitar is＿it can give you a great deal of pleasure．

　　A. how

　　B. why

　　C．that

　　D ．when

　　析：選C。 that引導表語從句。

　　[解題指導]4.①下列各名詞可用that引導同位語從句：answer，belief，doubt，fact，hope，idea，infonnation，knowledge，news，opinion，plan，suggestion，thought，truth等。②that引導同位語從句與引導定語從句的區別：He told me the news that our team won．（that引導同位語從句時，that不做成分，沒有意思，只起連接作用。）He told me the news that（which）was very exciting．（that引導定語從句，其在從句中做主語。）

　　[考題回顧] A warm thought suddenly came to me＿I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother's birthday．

　　A ．if

　　B．when

　　C ．that

　　D．which

　　析：選C。that引導的同位語從句作thought的同位語。

　　that

　　[解題指導]l . that在定語從句中既可指人也可指物，在定語從句中作主語或賓語。2.當先行詞是way,表示方法時，引導詞可用in which或that, that可 以省略。如：This is the way in which(that）I study English. 3.注意區別先行詞、引導詞。如Is this the＋名

　　+ that從句與Is this＋名詞十the one + that從句，比較：①Is this school the one that we visited?②Is this the school that we visited? 4.注意區別定語從句與強調句型。其基本結構分別為：It is十名詞＋that（which）…與It is＋介詞＋名詞＋that…如：It is the place that he was born in．It is in the place that he was born.5.只用that不用which的情況。①被修飾的先行詞為不定代詞，如all, much, everything, anything,nothing, none，the one, something等。②先行詞被only，very, just, last, one of, all, no, little, few, any等詞修飾時，只用that。③先行詞是序數詞或被序數詞修飾時，只用that。④先行詞是最高級或被最高級修飾時，只用that。⑤先行詞既有人又有物時，只用that。⑥被修飾詞為數詞時，只用that。⑦如果出現兩個定語從句，其中一個關系代詞用which，另一個用that以避免重復。⑧主句是there be結構，修飾其主語的定語從句用that.6．定語從句中用which而不用that的情況。①當關系代詞前有介詞時。如：This is the house of which the windows face south.②引導非限制性定語從which可代表先行詞或前句，譯成“這一點，這件事”。如：His dog, which was very old, became ill.③先行詞是that, those時，引導詞用which不用that.如:What's that which was bright in the car?④若一個句子含兩個定語從句，為避免重復，一個用that,另一個用which.如：Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us. 7.定語從句中用who而不用that的情況（指人）。①先行詞為one，ones，anyone，all, those等并且用于指人時，引導who。如:Anyone who didn't come must be punished.②在there be結構中，若主語是人，引導詞只用who或whom.如：There is a person who wants to see you.③句中有兩個定語從句，為避免重復，引導詞一個用that，一個用who。如The

　　teacher that was praised at yesterday's meeting who is our English teacher will go to Beijing tomorrow.④間隔性定語從句（先行詞指人并有較長的后置定語）中用who。如：He was the only in the office who was invited to the ball．⑤當先行詞為人稱代詞時，關系詞用who.如：He who doesn't go to the Great Wall is not a true man．8．The same…that…表示同一物或人；the same …as...表示相似的東西。如：This is the same knife that I lost．This is the same knife as I lost．

　　[考題回顧]1.All the passengers and suitcases＿were still waiting on the broken down old bus had to be transferred to another long-distance bus．

　　A. they

　　B．who

　　C ．that

　　D. which

　　析：先行詞既有人又有物，所以選C(that）。

　　2.When we talk about Wuxi, the first ______ comes into mind is Tai Lake．

　　A．that

　　B．which

　　C．what

　　D．as

　　析：選A。先行詞是序數詞時，關系代詞用that.

　　3.This is the very reason _______ he was late for．

　　A. that

　　B．why

　　C .which

　　D．as

　　析：選A.先行詞被the very修飾，并做for的賓語。

　　that

　　［解題指導]1．引導原因狀語從句，表原因或理由“因為，由于”。如Not that... but that...., now that…等。形容詞glad, sorry，afraid，pleased，satisfied,delighted, proud等也可接一個由that引導的原因狀語從句，其中that可省略。

　　[典型例句]1．Not that I'm unwilling to go with you, but that I'm busy now．（不是因為我不愿意和你去，而是因為現在我太忙。）

　　2 ．We feel proud（that）our country is getting stronger and stronger．

　　[考題回顧]1．_____you've got a chance, you might as well make full use of it.

　　A ．Now that

　　B．After

　　C ．Although

　　D.

　　As soon as

　　析：選A。Now that引導原因狀語從句，意思是“既然”。

　　2 ．Not that John doesn't want to help you，＿it's beyond his power．

　　A ．but that

　　B．for that

　　C． and that

　　D．in that

　　析：選A。表示“不是因為……而是因為……”用Not that…but that…。

　　3．With his work completed, the business man stepped back to his seat，feeling pleased ____

　　he was a man of action．

　　A ．which

　　B．that

　　C ．what

　　D．whether

　　析：選B。that引導原因狀語從句。

　　]2.引導目的狀語從句常用that, so that, in order that, for fear that等，其謂語常含may，might，can，could，will，would等情態動詞。

　　[典型例句] They set out early that they might arrive at the station in good time．

　　[考題回顧] Roses need special care ______ they can live through winter．

　　A. because

　　B . so that

　　C . even if

　　D. as

　　析：選B。 so that 引導目的狀語從句。

　　[解題指導]3.引導結果狀語從句，常用so...that（從句中無情態動詞）。常用句式為：①so＋adj./adv．＋that從句②so＋adj.＋冠詞＋n．＋that從句③so＋many/few/much/little十pl. /n.＋that從句④such十冠詞＋adj .十n.＋that從句

　　[典型例句]1．She is so beautiful a girl that all the boys of our class like her．

　　2 ．She is such a good girl that she can help you.

　　［溫馨提示] She is such a little girl that her parents often teach her something.（little作“小”講時，其前用such）

　　[考題回顧] His plan was such a good one＿we all agreed to accepted it．

　　A ．so

　　B．and

　　C ．that

　　D．as

　　析：選C。such... that引導結果狀語從句。

　　that

　　［解題指導］在"It is... that...”強調句型中，that只是一種形式，不做任何成分，只起強調作用，指人時that可換成who。這種強調句型沒有改變句子原有成分，去掉“It is（was）... that…”原句是一個完整的句子。

　　[考題回顧]1。It was not until she got home _____ Jennifer realized she had lost her keys．

　　A．when

　　B ．that

　　C ．where

　　D．before

　　B。強調時間狀語從句not... until…。

　　2.It is what you do rather than what you say＿matters．

　　A ．that

　　B．what

　　C ．which

　　D．this

　　析：選A。強調并列的主語從句What you do rather than what you say．

　　3. Is it the years ＿ you worked in the factory＿have a

　　good effect on your literary works?

　　A．that；where

　　B ．that；that

　　C ．when；where

　　D．when；that

　　析：選D。強調句型與定語從句相結合。

　　4.I really don't know ______ I had my money stolen．

　　A．when was it that

　　B.

　　that it was when

　　C ．where it was that

　　D ．it was where that

　　析：選C。強調句型與賓語從句相結合。

　　與that 有關的常見重要短語。

　　1. in that，意為“既然、因為”。

　　Criticism and self-criticism is necessary in that it helps us correct our mistakes.

　　2. now that，意為“既然、由于”。

　　Now that they have taken matters into their hands, the pace of events has quickened.

　　3. see (to it) that，意為“注意、務必做到、保證”。

　　We will see to it that she gets home early.

　　See to it that you are not late again.

　　4. seeing that，意為“鑒于、由于”。

　　Seeing that it is 8 o'clock, we'll wait no longer.

　　Seeing that he was busy with his work, I didn't disturb him.

　　綜上所述，在解有關that的問題時，要先定位that是在什么中的應用，然后再確定正確答案。本文旨在通過對that的橫向總結，使同學們對that的用法從總體上有一個清晰的了解，能夠自如應對有關that的試題。

　　1.-It's thirty years since we last met．

　　-But I still remember the story，believe it or not，______ we got lost on a rainy night.

　　A ．which

　　B．that

　　C ．what

　　D．when

　　2 ．It was after he got what he had desired＿he realized it was not so important．

　　A ．that

　　B．when

　　C ．since

　　D．as

　　3.---Now that you like the portable personal computer so much, why not buy one? It is of great use to your work．

　　--- Well，I can't afford ＿computer at present．