without aim 漫無目的地,with the aim of 目的是，懷著……的目的 (2)aim v. 企圖，意欲，瞄準,aim at 對……瞄準，目的在于，旨在,aim for 致力，努力追求

　　①The aim (目的)is to mix the physical with the digital.Providing 24-hour services which can be used through many different ways. (2011·四川卷·閱讀理解C) ②He does everything without aim(沒目標)． ——看看高考怎么考 【課本原句】 As better ways for digging tunnels were developed，the first railway tunnel under the River Thames was dug in 1884.(P50)隨著挖掘隧道的更先進的方法的進展，第一條穿過泰晤士河的地鐵隧道于1884年竣工。

　　as 句型 as在此處作連詞，引導(dǎo)的是一個時間狀語從句，意為“隨著……”。 “with＋賓語＋賓補”的結(jié)構(gòu)，也有“隨著……”的意思。 With the dark clouds approaching，the heavy rain comes.

　　隨著烏云壓頂，暴雨來了。 a．Without your help，I couldn't have made so much progress in English. b．The street is over 600 years old with more than 300 shops along. c．With so many eyes staring at me, I felt nervous and upset. ——滿分作文之佳句 ①My consultant was obviously angry with me and as we left(當(dāng)我們離開時) Mr.McMahon，she turned to me.“Why on earth did you do that？” she asked in disbelief. (2011·湖北卷·閱讀理解A) ②Unfortunately，that is often inaccessible as(當(dāng)) blocked by the desire to be shocking or to defend some special interest. (2011·重慶卷·閱讀理解E) ——看看高考怎么考 ③With winter coming on/As winter comes on(隨著冬天的來臨)，it's time to buy warm clothes. ④As the story________，the truth about the strange figure is slowly discovered. (2011·浙江卷·單項填空21) A．begins

　　B．happens

　　C．ends

　　D．develops 答案　D ⑤________ we grow，we come to learn to accept life as it is. (2024·邵陽市二中10月份月考) A．As

　　B．When

　　C．While

　　D．With

　　答案　A 辨析　transport/traffic transport 作“交通”講，實指運輸工具。traffic作“交通”講，指路上的行人車馬，著重數(shù)量的多少。 His bike is his only means of transport. 他的自行車是他唯一的交通工具。 Traffic is interrupted in many places. 很多地方交通中斷了。 翻譯句子 ①我們將用船只運送這些產(chǎn)品。 We will transport the products by ship. ②With the completion of several public ________ projects，such as the MRT，commuting to work has become easier for people living in the suburbs. (2024·常德一中11月份月考) A．transportation

　　B．traffic C．travel

　　D．transfer

　　答案　A ——看看高考怎么考 【課本原句】 Passengers were transported in carriages without windows，which were pulled through the comparatively narrow tunnels by steam engines.(P50) 乘客坐在沒有窗戶封閉的車廂里，車廂在相對狹窄的隧道里由蒸汽引擎拉動。 narrow adj. 窄的，狹窄的，狹隘的 v．(使)變窄 a narrow escape 死里逃生，險些遇險 a narrow victory/defeat 險勝/勉強擊敗 narrow down 縮小……的范圍 narrowly adv.勉強地，精細地 ①Do you know why the river narrows here(為什么河道在這兒會變窄嗎)? ②The boy had a ________ escape when he ran across the road in front of the bus. (2024·益陽市一中11月份月考) A．narrow

　　B．close

　　C．short

　　D．fine 答案　A ——看看高考怎么考 【課本原句】 Visit our ticket office and buy one of the travel cards that permit you to travel all over the underground system.(P51)來我們的售票處，買一張可以游覽整個地鐵系統(tǒng)的門票吧。

　　permit vt.&vi.允許，許可 n. 許可證，執(zhí)照，通行證 permit sb to do sth

　　允許某人做某事 allow sb to do sth

　　允許某人做某事 permit doing sth

　　允許做某事 allow doing sth

　　允許做某事

　　【注意】 具有以上用法的動詞還有forbid，advise等。即：permit，allow，forbid，advise后直接動詞作賓語時，要用doing，后跟to do時應(yīng)先接sb。 辨析　permit sb to do sth/promise sb to do sth (1)permit sb to do sth 指允許某人做某事，動作由對方完成。 (2)promise sb to do sth 指答應(yīng)某人(向?qū)Ψ匠兄Z)要做某事，動作由承諾人完成。 Father promised me to buy a new bike and didn't permit me to lend the bike to others. 父親許諾給我買一輛新自行車并且不允許我把它借給別人。 ①Please note that，for safety reasons，pushing chairs are not permitted(不允許)in the State Apartments. (2010·天津卷·閱讀理解A) ②Promise me never to be late(答應(yīng)我不要遲到)again. ③We'll have a picnic in the woods，________. (2024·湖南桃源縣一中11月份月考) A．weather permits

　　B．weather permit C．weather permitting

　　D．if weather permitting 答案　C ——看看高考怎么考 ④Passengers are permitted ________only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane. A．to carry

　　B．carrying C．to be carried

　　D．being carried 答案　A 【課本原句】 After World war Ⅱ ended in 1945，more people travelled on the underground，so the system was enlarged and more lines were added，including the Victoria Line，which was linked with other lines at almost every station.(P51) 1945年二戰(zhàn)結(jié)束后，更多人乘坐地鐵，因此地鐵系統(tǒng)被擴大，更多的地鐵線建成；其中包括幾乎連接所有的站點和其他線路的維多利亞線。

　　enlarge vt. 擴大，擴展，擴充，放大 Can you enlarge photographs？你會放大照片嗎？ Bryce's Department Store enlarged its furniture department about a year ago. 布賴斯百貨公司大約在1年前擴充了其家具部。 I want to enlarge the lawn.我想擴大草坪的面積。 His interests have recently enlarged. 近來，他的業(yè)余愛好更加廣泛。 The newspaper ________ its editorial staff by engaging two new people. A．enlarged

　　B．lost

　　C．missed

　　D．Enriched 答案　A ——看看高考怎么考 【課本原句】 In 1854，the British government gave approval to the construction by the Metropolitan Railway Company of an underground railway in the centre of London，between Paddington and Farringdon，via King‘s Cross，St Pancras and Euston.(P50) 1854年，英國政府批準大都會鐵路公司在倫敦中心修建帕丁頓和法林頓之間途經(jīng)國王十字、圣潘克拉斯和尤斯頓的地下鐵路。 The plan had the approval of the school authorities. 計劃得到學(xué)校當(dāng)局的認可。 We can't start the job until we have the director's approval.未經(jīng)局長批準我們不能開始這項工作。

　　approval n. 贊成，同意；批準 approve vt.

　　贊許；批準 have sb‘s approval

　　得到某人的同意 meet with sb‘s approval

　　得到某人的同意 obtain approval

　　得到認可 receive approval

　　得到贊成 approval of authority

　　當(dāng)局的批準 approval of hearers

　　聽眾的贊許 approval of the majority

　　多數(shù)人的同意

　　【聯(lián)想拓展】 The firm's directors quickly approved the new idea. 公司的董事們很快贊同了這個新想法。 Alan is someone who always needs the approval of other people.艾倫這個人總是凡事都希望得到別人的首肯。 That letter was sent with my approval. 那封信經(jīng)過我的批準才寄出。 We won't start building without the council's approval. 沒有市議會的批準，我們不會動工。 I'm afraid they won't approve of your going there. 我擔(dān)心他們不會贊成你到那兒去。 ①They are subject to your ________，but the final list is to be sent to the manager for his ________. A．obedience；approval

　　B．a(chǎn)pproval；agree C．a(chǎn)pproval；approval

　　D．conformity；approval 答案　C ——看看高考怎么考 ②Our teacher gave her ________ to our plans for a graduation party and she also promised to join us. A．a(chǎn)pproach

　　B．a(chǎn)pplication C．a(chǎn)ccess

　　D．a(chǎn)pproval 答案　D ③Her mother does not ________ of her going to study in the United States alone. A．a(chǎn)dmit

　　B．a(chǎn)gree

　　C．prove

　　D．a(chǎn)pprove 答案　D 【課本原句】 However，new trains had to be developed and the plan required raising a large amount of money，so the digging was postponed until 1860，the initial tunnels were opened in 1863 and were just beneath the surface of the ground.(P50) 然而需要開發(fā)新的火車，并且這個計劃需要籌集大量的金錢，所以挖掘工作一直推遲到1860年。首批地鐵隧道于1863年開通，這些隧道緊靠地面。 The sun is now beneath the horizon. 太陽此刻落到地平線下了。 She was sitting directly beneath the painting. 她坐在那幅畫的正下方。

　　beneath prep. 在……之下，向……下面 辨析　 beneath/below/under (1)beneath表示“在……下方”時，與表面相接觸，與介詞on相對應(yīng)，多用于正式文體中。 (2)below與介詞above相對應(yīng)，常指在某物體之下，但不一定在該物的正下方。也可指在海平面或地平線之下。 (3)under與介詞over相對應(yīng)，通常表示處于正下方，一般與表面不接觸。 He wore a woolen vest beneath his shirt. 他襯衫里面穿著一件羊毛背心。 He waited below her window until she opened it and spoke to him. 他在窗下一直等到她開窗和他講話。 She was carrying her handbag under her arm when I saw her. 我看到她時，她腋下夾著手提包。 It turned out that she won the first prize in the competition，which was ________ her expectation. A．beyond

　　B．to C．a(chǎn)bove

　　D．beneath 答案　A ——看看高考怎么考 【課本原句】 The floods washed away soil along the road.Part of the road is still under repair.(P59)洪水沖掉了沿途的泥土，部分公路目前仍正在維修中。 repair n．& v. 修理，修補 under repair

　　在修理中 beyond repair

　　無法修補(修復(fù)) in need of repair

　　急需修理 in good repair

　　維修良好 repair the wrong

　　彌補過失

　　under construction

　　在興建中 under discussion

　　在討論中 under review

　　在復(fù)習(xí)中 under study

　　在研究中 under consideration

　　在考慮中 under investigation

　　在調(diào)查中 under control

　　在控制中

　　【聯(lián)想拓展】 根據(jù)句意完成句子 ①Look out! Don't get too close to the house whose roof is under repair. ②Sarah had her washing machine repaired the day before yesterday. ③I have to go to work by taxi because my car is being repaired at the garage. ④As a result of the serious flood，two-thirds of the buildings in the area need repairing. ——看看高考怎么考 【課本原句】 In 1884，the Metropolitan Railway Company and the Metropolitan District Railway linked up.(P50)1884年，大都會鐵路公司和大都會地區(qū)鐵路部門聯(lián)合起來了。

　　link up 連接，會合，聯(lián)合 be linked with/to... 與……有關(guān)系 link...with/to... 把……與……連接起來，把……連接到……上 link arms 挽著手臂

　　①Even below the drink driving link(環(huán)節(jié))，driving will be affected. (2011·福建卷·閱讀理解A) ②They have planned to link up the two areas by telephone(用電話把兩個地區(qū)連接起來)． ③________ to the crime，the suspect was arrested. (2024·邵東創(chuàng)新實驗學(xué)校第3次月考) A．Linking

　　B．Linked C．To be linked

　　D．To link 答案　B ——看看高考怎么考 【課本原句】 This has speeded up travel between the two cities.(P59)這使兩個城市間的旅行變得快捷。

　　speed up 加速 speed by (時間)

　　很快地過去，飛逝 speed...away

　　迅速將……帶離 pick up/gain speed

　　逐漸加速 at top/full speed

　　以全速 at high/low speed

　　以高速/低速 at a speed of...

　　以……速度 More haste，less/worse speed. 欲速則不達

　　①What's more，the firms that “slowed down to speed up(加速)”improved their top and bottom lines，averaging 40% higher sales and 52% higher operating incomes over a three-year period. (2011·四川卷·閱讀理解E) ②To get rid of alcohol from the body is a very slow process and it is not possible to speed it up(加速) with any measures like taking a shower or having a cup of tea or coffee. (2011·福建卷·閱讀理解A) ——看看高考怎么考 ③They are broadening the bridge to ________ the flow of traffic. (2011·山東卷·語法和詞匯知識25) A．put off

　　B．speed up

　　C．turn on

　　D．work out 答案　B ④Liu Xiang's running career began to ________ after he won the gold medal in the Olympic Games. (2024·武岡市一中10月份月考) A．speed up

　　B．fly away

　　C．give away

　　D．take off 答案　D 【課本原句】 The floods washed_away soil along the road and part of the road is still under repair.(P59)洪水沖掉了沿途的泥土，部分公路目前正在維修中。

　　wash away 沖掉，沖垮，沖走 wash one‘s hands of

　　不再過問，洗手不干 wash well/badly

　　好洗/不好洗 be washed out

　　被拋棄，被取消 wash up

　　把……沖到岸邊

　　①這種布很容易洗。 The kind of cloth washes well/easily. ②The dirty marks on the skirt won't ________. (2024·邵東創(chuàng)新實驗學(xué)校第4次月考) A．wash up

　　B．be washed out C．wash away

　　D．washed away 答案　C ——看看高考怎么考 【課本原句】 This notice is aimed at increasing people's knowledge of the problem.(P62)這個公告目的是增加人民對這個問題的認識。

　　be aimed at 目的是，旨在，針對 aim n.

　　目的，目標，瞄準 achieve one‘s aim

　　達到某人的目的 miss one‘s aim

　　某人未擊中目標 have a high aim in life

　　胸懷壯志 take aim at...

　　向……瞄準

　　Unit 4　Public transport

　　晨讀在線　 請你根據(jù)以下提示，結(jié)合生活中的一個事例，用英語寫一篇短文，談?wù)勎⑿Φ淖饔谩?The best example of universally understood body language may be the smile.A smile can help us get through difficult situation and find friends in a world of strangers.A smile can open doors and tear down walls. 注意：①無須寫標題； ②內(nèi)容只需涉及一個方面； ③詞數(shù)不少于120。 【范文欣賞】 　請進行完形填空(每空一詞) I still remember how nervous I was on my first day in the new school three years ago,1.when I found it difficult to follow my teacher in the first English class.The teacher spoke English throughout 2.the class，which was totally different 3.from the lessons I had taken before. In the morning class the next day，the English teacher came to me while I was reading the text aloud as 4.other students.After listening to me for a while，she gave me a big smile and said 5.she liked my voice very much.The smile shone on the whole day 6.and the following days.A week later，I volunteered to take charge 7.of English study in my class. Thanks to the comforting smile in my 8.first morning class，I began to be confident.(134 words) 【名師點評】 敘述自然流暢，文風(fēng)樸實無華，通過敘述老師的微笑來說明它給作者帶來的積極作用。非限制性定語從句which was totally different from the lessons I had taken before用得很好，高級詞匯shine，volunteer，confident，take charge of，thanks to等的出現(xiàn)使文章陡增亮色。 【瘋狂背誦】 請用10分鐘背誦范文

　　【還原范文】 請將下列句子翻譯成英語 1．我依然記得三年前我進入新學(xué)校的第一天，當(dāng)我發(fā)現(xiàn)第一堂英語課上自己很難跟上老師的時候我多么緊張。 I still remember how nervous I was on my first day in the new school three years ago，when I found it difficult to follow my teacher in the first English class. 2．老師在課上從頭至尾都講英語，那完全不同于我以前上的課。 The teacher spoke English throughout the class，which was totally different from the lessons I had taken before. 3．第二天的早自習(xí)課上，當(dāng)我像別的同學(xué)那樣大聲朗讀課文時，英語老師向我走了過來。 In the morning class the next day，the English teacher came to me while I was reading the text aloud as other students. 4．聽我讀了一會兒后，她給了我一個大大的微笑，說她非常喜歡我的聲音。 After listening to me for a while，she gave me a big smile and said she liked my voice very much. 5．這個微笑照亮我這一整天，還有以后的日子。 The smile shone on the whole day and the following days. 6．一周后，我自愿負責(zé)我們班的英語學(xué)習(xí)工作。 A week later，I volunteered to take charge of English study in my class. 7．感謝第一次早自習(xí)時的那個舒心的微笑，我從此開始自信。 Thanks to the comforting smile in my first morning class，I began to be confident. Ⅰ.單詞默寫 1．convey vt. 運送，輸送；表達 2．a(chǎn)uthority n. 權(quán)力；權(quán)力機構(gòu)；權(quán)威；權(quán)限 3．a(chǎn)nniversary n. 周年紀念；周年紀念日 4．enlarge vt. vi. 擴大，增大 5．modest adj. 適度的，適中的，不過分的；謙虛的，謙讓的 6．flash n. 閃光，閃爍；簡明資訊，快訊 7．a(chǎn)nnual adj. 每年的，一年一次的 8．a(chǎn)ggressive adj.好斗的，侵略性的，咄咄逼人的 9．a(chǎn)lcoholic adj. 酒精的；含酒精的 10．reservation n. 預(yù)訂，預(yù)約；保留意見 11．choke v．be unable to breathe 12．growth n. the process of growing 13．undertake vt. to promise or agree to do something 14．punctual adj. arriving or doing things at exactly the right time 15．violate vt. to take no notice of a promise or agreement Ⅱ.詞匯拓展 1．distinction n．聲譽，名聲；區(qū)別→distinctive adj.區(qū)別性的→distinguish vt.區(qū)別，鑒別 2．permit v．允許→permission n．準許，允許→allow (同義詞) 3．separately adv.分別地，單獨地，各自地→separate adj.分開的，獨立的→separate vt.分開，分隔，隔開→separation n．分開；分居 4．a(chǎn)rrange vt.按排，整理→arrangement n．按排，整理 5．believe vt.相信→belief n．信念，相信→believable adj.可相信的，能相信的→unbelievable adj. 難以置信的，驚人的 語境助記——詞不離句，句不離段 The expansion of modern advanced transportation makes our life more convenient，orderly and punctual.But on the other hand，the accidents it caused are confusing and annoying us.