?、?It＋be＋過去分詞＋that從句 ＝Sb. ＋ be＋過去分詞＋to do sth.

　　常用于此句型的動詞有：report, know, say, believe, tell, prove, hope, expect, think等。

　　It is known that the Chinese are industrious people.

　　＝The Chinese are known to be industrious people.

　　眾所周知，中國人民是一個勤勞的民族。 ⑤It＋be＋no＋n. ＋doing sth. ，用于此句型的名詞有good, use, point等。

　　It is no good reading under the sun.

　　在太陽底下讀書是沒有好處的。 ⑥It＋動詞＋that (as if)從句，用于此句型的動詞有look, seem, appear, happen等。

　　It looks as if it will rain before long.

　　看起來一會兒就要下雨了。 漢譯英。 1.犯這樣一個錯誤你太愚蠢了。

　　It was foolish of you to make such a mistake./You were foolish to make such a mistake.

　　2.據說他在這次英語競賽中獲得了第一名。

　　It was said that he had won the first prize in the English competition./He was said to have won the first prize in the English competition.

　　3.抱怨是沒用的。

　　It is no point complaining.

　　10、suggest v.

　　① suggest (doing) sth. 表示“建議(做)某事”。

　　I suggested going for a walk.

　　我建議去散步。 If this is not convenient, please suggest another date.

　　要是這個日期不方便，那就請另選一個日子吧。 ②suggest that sb. (should) do sth./sth. (should) be done

　　Our manager suggested that all the staff in the company (should) learn how to use the Internet. 我們經理建議公司所有員工應學習如何使用因特網。 ③suggest 意為“暗示， 表明”時，如果后面接賓語從句， 其謂語動詞通常不用should＋動詞原形， 而用陳述語氣。 完成句子。 1. 他的臉色表明他不是很高興。 His face suggested that he

　　was unhappy.

　　2. 他的口音表明他是一個美國人。 His accents suggest that he is an American.

　　3. 我建議他用另一種方式處理這個問題。

　　I suggested that he (should) tackle the problem in another way.

　　I suggested his/him tackling the problem in another way.

　　average,

　　general與common ① average作名詞時有“平均、平均數”。 The average of 4, 5 and 9 is 6.

　　4、5、9 三個數的平均數是 6。 on average 平均來看 an average of… 平均有

　　We have many books and we have an average of 35 books per person.我們有很多書，每人平均有35本。 11、

　　作形容詞時表示“一般的， 普通的， 中等的， 平均的” average person 普通人、老百姓 children of average intelligence智力一般的孩子 ②general指“整體的， 總體的”， 強調共性， 與individual相對。 ③common 共同的，常見的

　　common sense常識 12、We would not_only be able to travel around the world, but_also go to study in any world famous universities we wanted to. (P12)

　　我們不僅可以環游世界，而且可以在我們想去的任何一所世界著名學府學習。

　　not only…but (also)…意為“不但……而且……”， 常用來連接兩個對等的成分。 ①當它們連接兩個并列主語時， 謂語動詞的數應與最近的主語一致。

　　Not only you but (also) I am a teacher.

　　不僅你而且我也是一名老師。 ②當not only…but (also)…連接兩個并列分句且not only置于句首時， not only分句常采用部分倒裝語序。

　　Not only does he work hard, but he is (also) very clever. 他不僅學習刻苦， 而且還很聰明。 13、But I still find it hard to imagine.(P12)

　　但我仍然覺得這很難想象。

　　find/think/feel/consider/make/believe it ＋ adj. ＋ (for sb.) to do sth.

　　這個結構中it是形式賓語， 真正的賓語是后面的動詞不定式短語。 I find it very difficult to write letters in Chinese.

　　我發現用漢語寫信很困難。 漢譯英。 1. 我發現完成這項工作很容易。

　　I find it very easy to finish the job.

　　2. 我認為買一套水晶玻璃酒杯很貴。

　　I think it expensive to buy a set of crystal wine cups.

　　3. 我認為被邀請參加宴會是很大的榮幸。

　　I consider it a great honor to be invited to a dinner.

　　4. 他覺得幫助有需要的人是他的責任。

　　He feels it his duty to help the people in need.

　　()1. (2010·全國卷Ⅱ)Tom was about to close the window______ his attention was caught by a bird. A. when

　　B. if

　　C. and

　　D. till

　　A　was about to do sth. when…did “正要做……就在這時……”。

　　I'll send you the website address when I get home.(P12) ()2.

　　(2010·湖南卷)If he ______my advice, he wouldn't have lost his job. A. followed

　　B. should follow C. had followed

　　D. would follow

　　C　與過去事實不相符的虛擬條件句，從句的謂語動詞用had done。

　　Just think, if we had virtual reality holidays, we wouldn't have any problems with the weather.(P12)

　　如何寫好并列句

　　并列句是指在一個句子中含有兩個或兩個以上互不依從的主謂結構(即并列分句)。并列句中的幾個分句通常由并列連詞來連接，所以寫好并列句掌握連詞的意義及語法作用是關鍵。 【句型1】簡單句 ＋ 并列連詞＋ 簡單句

　　Faced with difficulties, they never give up but try their best to find a way out. 面臨困難，他們從不放棄，而是盡最大努力解決。 連接并列句的連詞可分為以下幾類： ①單純連詞：and, both…and…， not only … but also…，as well as，… ②轉折連詞：but，however, yet, still, while，… ③選擇連詞：or，not…but …， either …or …， neither …nor… ④推理連詞：so, therefore, for，… 【句型2】祈使句 ＋ and / or (otherwise) ＋ 簡單句 Take the chance, or / otherwise you will regret it.

　　抓住這次機會，否則你會后悔的。

　　本句型是并列句的一種特殊用法，可以與包含有條件狀語從句的復合句進行轉換。 上句可轉換為： If you don't take the chance, you will regret it.

　　Part1 M2.Unit4 Unit4　Cyberspace Module2 likely, probable與possible ① 三者均表可能性， 但意思上有一點點區別。possible指客觀上有可能性， 但往往含有希望很小的意思；probable比possible可能性大， 表“很有可能， 大概”， 指有實際依據或邏輯上的合情合理；likely是從外表跡象進行判斷有可能發生的事。 1、

　　It is possible, though not probable, that he will come tomorrow. 他明天可能來， 但也不一定準會來。

　　The probable cause of his failure was that he had been too tired. 他失敗大概是太累了的原因。

　　She's very likely to ring me tonight.

　　今晚她很可能給我來電話。 ② 句型結構上的異同

　　It is possible/probable/likely that S. ＋ V

　　It is possible for sb. to do sth.

　　sb./sth. is likely to do sth.

　　It is possible for me to do it. 我可能做那件事。

　　(不能說I'm possible to do it.)

　　It is most likely that he will come this afternoon.＝He is most likely to come this afternoon.今天下午他很有可能會來。 ①名詞前有all, every, the only, the best或其他形容詞最高級修飾時， possible宜置于名詞之后， 作后置定語。

　　This is the only way possible. 這是唯一可能的方法。 ②可以說I'll study as hard as possible(＝as I can). 不能說I'll study hard as possible as I can.

　　③probable也不能用人作主語或構成復合賓語，表示某人做某事， 只能用It is probable that…句型。

　　It is probable that the cost will be greater than we think.

　　花費很可能比我們料想的要大。 完成句子。 1. 在月球上生活是不可能的。

　　It's not possible to live on the moon.

　　2. 你可能已經把它忘記了。 　You're likely to have forgotten about it.

　　2、come true

　　His wish to be an actor has come true.

　　他想當演員的愿望實現了。 come true與realize ①come true指愿望實現， 預言成真， 不可用于被動語態。 ②realize是及物動詞， 可用于被動語態。 漢譯英。 1. 我希望他成為鋼琴家的夢想可以成真。

　　I hope his dream of becoming a pianist will come true/will be realized.

　　2. 她為了實現她的夢想而努力工作。

　　She worked hard to realize her dream.

　　3、cause vt. 引起……的發生， 導致 ①cause sth. “引起……的發生”， 同義短語為bring about

　　Carelessness can cause big problems.

　　粗心大意會導致大問題。 ②cause sb. sth. 帶給某人某事， 指產生的結果與人有關

　　His cheating in the exam caused his teachers much unhappiness. 他在考試中作弊弄得老師們很不愉快。 cause, reason 與excuse ① cause “原因，起因”，常指造成某一事實或產生某種結果的直接原因，后可接介詞for和of。cause for后接表示憂慮、埋怨、驚恐等感情的詞， 如cause for anger/regret/anxiety/complaint(生氣/后悔/憂慮/埋怨的原因)；cause of后接感覺以外的名詞，如：cause of the delay/the noise/the fighting/the disaster(耽擱/噪音/打架/災難的原因)。 ② reason指在事實的基礎上通過邏輯判斷出來的理由， 常與for短語連用；reason可以作動詞， 意為“推理， 推論， 評理， 勸說”。

　　She reasoned that she must have left her bag on the train. 她斷定準是把包落在火車上了。 reason from general laws從一般規律推論 reason with sb. for/against sth.

　　為了贊成/反對……而與某人評理 ③excuse表示“辯解， 借口”， 指為某一行為所做的解釋， 可以是真的， 也可以是托詞。

　　make up an excuse編造一個借口

　　用cause, reason和excuse填空。 1. Too much work is no excuse for not studying.

　　2. Heart trouble is one of the most serious causes of death among old people.

　　3. We have no reason to disbelieve him.

　　4. The shaking of his hands caused the old teacher to give up teaching.

　　5. I tried to reason with him, but he wouldn't listen.

　　4、flood ① n. 洪水， 水災

　　The town was destroyed by the floods after the storm.

　　暴風雨后的洪水沖毀了這座城鎮。 ② v. 淹沒， 溢出 Every spring the river floods the valley.

　　每年春天河水把山谷淹沒。

　　a flood of sth. 表示大量的、大批的， 后可接可數名詞或不可數名詞，如： a flood of anger 大發雷霆； a flood of letters 大量的來信 5、affect v. 影響；使……感動；故作，假裝

　　Simon affected boredom to make me think he didn't care.

　　西蒙假裝厭煩，讓我以為他(對這件事)不在乎。 affect, influence, effect與impact ①affect所指的影響往往較大， 一般引起反應， 有時指不利影響。 Bright light affects our eyesight.

　　強光影響我們的視力。 ②influence是指通過說服、舉例等方法對行為、思想、性格等產生潛移默化的長期影響。 His father's words have a great influence on him.

　　他父親的話對他有很大的影響。 ③ effect是affect的名詞， 指效果和影響。 ④ impact指重大打擊或沖擊。 用affect, influence, effect, impact填空。 1. Under the influence of his uncle, he became a great pianist.

　　2. Warnings about the dangers of smoking seem to have little impact on this age group.

　　3. The advertising campaign had much effect on sales.

　　4. Don't let me influence your decision.

　　6、offer

　?、?vt. 提供， 提出某物供考慮；出價

　　offer sb. sth. ＝offer sth. to sb. 為某人提供某物

　　offer sth. for some money ＝ offer some money for sth. 給某物開出了……的價錢， 某物要價……

　　offer to do 自愿提出幫忙、資助、要求等

　　offer one's hand 伸出手和某人握手

　　offer one's hand in marriage 向……求婚 ② n. 開出的價錢， 如：a special offer 特價 完成句子。 1. 她為尋回遺失的項鏈提出以酬金答謝。 She offered a reward for the return of her lost necklace.

　　2. 她已經出價10, 000英鎊買那棟房子。 She has offered 10, 000 pounds for that house.

　　3. 他總是樂意幫助別人。 He always offers to help others.

　　7、as if/as though ① It looks/seems as if… as if引導的是表語從句。從句所表示的情況接近事實， 句子要用陳述語氣；否則， 用虛擬語氣。 It seems as if they know him.

　　(接近事實， 真實情況)

　　It seems as though it were already winter.

　　(虛擬語氣) ② as if/as though引導方式狀語從句， 修飾主句中的謂語， 此時從句中的謂語動詞常用虛擬語氣。在“as if/as though”引導的狀語從句中， 謂語動詞與wish的賓語從句的虛擬形式相同。 He was shaking with fright as if he had seen a ghost.

　　他嚇得直哆嗦， 就好像看見了鬼一樣。 翻譯句子。 1. 海水看起來好像不干凈， 不能游泳。

　　It looks as if it isn‘t clean enough to swim in the sea. 2. 好像她已出去好幾天了。

　　It looks as if she's gone away for a few days.

　　3. 他似乎是個萬事通。

　　It seems as if he knew everything.

　　8、feel like

　　想要；感覺像，摸上去像；感覺自己是(某一種人)

　　He didn't feel like going to work.他不想去工作。 以下結構也可表示“愿意干……”： ①would like to do sth. 愿意做某事

　　I would like to have a talk with you. 我想和你談談。 ②would prefer to do …than do…

　　I would prefer to study alone at home than study in groups. 我寧愿自己單獨在家學習也不愿進行小組學習。

　　9、It is＋adj. ＋that＋從句

　　“It is＋adj. ＋that＋從句”是一個常用句型?？捎糜诖司湫偷男稳菰~有necessary, possible, impossible, clear, obvious, certain, hard, difficult, easy, important, strange, natural等， 其中形容詞是用來描述從句的內容。 It is possible that he left his keys in the office.

　　很可能他把鑰匙忘在辦公室了。

　　另注意在此類主語從句中如果表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜、理應如此等語氣時，謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣“(should)＋do”。

　　It's very important that we teach the children about road safety. 把交通安全常識教給孩子們是非常重要的。

　　it作為形式主語的其他句型： ①It＋be＋adj. ＋(for sb.) to do sth.

　?。絋o do sth. is＋adj.

　　常用于此句型中作表語的形容詞有：difficult, hard, easy, common, possible, necessary, important等。

　　It is not difficult to work out the problem.

　?。絋o work out the problem is not difficult.

　　要解決這個問題并不太難。 ② It＋be＋adj. ＋of＋sb. ＋to do sth. ＝ Sb. ＋be＋adj. ＋to do sth.

　　常用于此句型中的形容詞有good, kind, nice, wise, clever, silly, stupid, foolish, wrong, impolite等描述人物的形容詞。

　　It's very kind of you to lend me your pen.

　?。結ou are very kind to lend me your pen.

　　你借給我鋼筆真是太好了。 ③ It＋be＋名詞詞組＋to do sth.

　　＝To do sth. is＋名詞詞組

　　常用于此句型的名詞詞組有：a pity, a pleasure, good advice, the custom, good/bad manners等。

　　Before entering a house in some Asian countries, it is good manners to take off your shoes.

　?。紹efore entering a house in some Asian countries, to take off your shoes is good manners.

　　在某些亞洲國家， 進屋子之前脫下鞋子是禮貌的。