being的恰當使用

　　英語中有一個詞叫being,雖然用法很簡單，但是容易出錯。什么時候該用，什么時候不該用，往往不易被廣大學子所掌握。being在新教材中屬于一種-ing形式的詞，其實它有兩種詞性，一個是現在分詞，另一個是動名詞，那它什么時候是現在分詞？什么時候是動名詞?怎樣恰當的使用它呢？我想同廣大學子討論一下。

　　being作現在分詞用在進行時的被動語態中

　　being用作現在分詞往往出現在現在進行時和過去進行時的被動語態中，它們的構成分別是is/am/are being +過去分詞和was/were being+過去分詞。在此類進行時的被動語態中being是不能省去，是應該使用的，否則成了現在時和過去時的被動語態。

　　The large house which is being built in our school is our scientific building.

　　I am being scolded by my English teacher ,because I have done something wrong.

　　They are being beaten by their father for having stolen a lot of money from the store.

　　A traffic accident happened in the street yesterday but its cause was being looked into.

　　The students who were being spoken to were from the No.2 middle school.

　　二．being用在現在分詞短語中作狀語

　　Being painted, the wall smells terrible. =Because it is being painted, the wall smells terrible.（此句中的being painted是現在分詞短語作原因狀語，其中being是現在分詞，不能省略。因為展開后，原因狀語從中的謂語是現在進行的被動語態is being painted。）

　　Being ill, he didn’t come to school yesterday. = Because he was ill, he didn’t come to school yesterday.(being ill 是現在分詞短語作原因狀語。being是現在分詞，不能省略，因為省略后，ill是形容詞只能表狀態，不能充當原因狀語。)

　　Being operated on by the famous doctor,he could not be disturbed by anyone.=When he was being operated by the famous doctor,he could not be disturbed by anyone.(being operated on by the famous doctor是現在分詞短語充當時間狀語，其中being 是現在分詞，不能省略，因為展開后，從句的謂語部分是was being operated是過去進行時的被動語態。)

　　There being no policemen standing there,these goods may be taken away by some thieves.=If there are no policemen standing there,these goods may be taken away by some thieves(there being no policemen standing there是there be句型的現在分詞短語作條件狀語，其中being是現在分詞，不能省略，因為此處是there be句型。)

　　下列句子不能加being,可廣大學子總是不理解，習慣于加being

　　When being heated, the metal expands and if being allowed to cool it will contract. (此句中兩處均不能加being因為展開后是when it is being heated和if it is being allowed成了現在進行時的被動語態，而此處應是現在時的被動語態when it is heated和if it is allowed。)

　　Such knowledge is still useful when being applied to similar situations in other countries.(NMET 2009 湖北卷)此句可展開為 Such knowledge is still useful when it is being applied to similar situations in other countries. (此句中的being應去掉，因為展開后的從句謂語應是is applied to而不是is being applied to)

　　Being painted red, the building stands out among the rest and looks very attractive.(NMET2010 湖北卷)（此句中的being應去掉，因為此處是過去分詞短語充當原因狀語，相當于Because it is painted red而不是Because it is being painted red）

　　The experiment shows that the proper exercise,if being carried out regularly,can improve our health.(NMET2010 浙江卷)（此句中的being 應去掉，因為此處是過去分詞短語充當條件狀語，相當于if it is carried out而不是if it is being carried out）

　　三、being用作動名詞或用在動名詞短語中在句中充當主語、賓語

　　Being laid off by one company doesn’t necessarily mean that you have no way to support yourself.(being laid off

　　by one company是動名詞短語相當于名詞短語在句中充當主語，其中being是動名詞，不能省略)

　　At the beginning of class,the noise of desks being opened and closed could be heard out in the street.(being opened and closed是動名詞短語充當介詞of的賓語，desks是它的邏輯主語，其中being是動名詞，不能省略)

　　Being exposed to the strong sunlight too long will do harm to your skin.(being exposed to the strong sunlight too long是動名詞短語相當于名詞短語在句中充當主語，其中being是動名詞不能省略)

　　Being unable to use a computer makes it more difficult for him to do his academic research.(NMET2010 湖北卷)（being unable to use a computer是動名詞短語相當于名詞短語在句中充當主語，其中being是動名詞不能省略）

　　I still remember being taken to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.(NMET2009 陜西卷)（being taken to the Famen Temple是動名詞短語相當于名詞短語在句中充當動詞remember的賓語，其中being是動名詞不能省略）

　　鞏固性練習

　　1.The weather

　　fine, they decided to go out for a stroll.

　　A.is

　　B.was

　　C.being

　　D.不填

　　2.

　　by the police ,the kidnappers had no choice but to surrender.

　　A.Surrounded

　　B.Having surrounded

　　C.Being surrounded

　　D.To be surrounded

　　3.Generally speaking,when

　　according to the directions,the drug has no side effect.

　　A.taking

　　B.being taken

　　C.taken

　　D.to be taken

　　4.We insis on theory

　　to practice when we are at work.

　　A.applied

　　B.being applied

　　C.applying

　　D.to be applied

　　5.The money will be used to keep a space vehicle on the moon busy

　　back to the earth photographs and other information about the surface of the moon.

　　A.being sent

　　B.to send

　　C.to be sent

　　D.sending

　　6.Traditional folk arts of Tianjin like paper cutting

　　at the culture show of the 2010 Shanghai World Expo .(NMET2010 天津卷)

　　A.are exhibiting

　　B.is exhibited

　　C.are being exhibited

　　D.is being exhibited

　　7.It is reported that many a new house

　　at present in the disaster area.(NMET2010陜西卷)

　　A.are being built

　　B.is being built

　　C.was being built

　　D.are built

　　8.The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and

　　less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat.（NMET2010 浙江卷）

　　A. being weighed

　　B.to weigh

　　C.weighed

　　D.weighing

　　9.What great difficulty I had

　　the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant.(NMET2010 上海卷)

　　A.find

　　B.being found

　　C.to find

　　D.finding

　　10.Mr. Smith insisted on the problem worth of attention

　　at the meeting.(NMET2010 湖北卷)

　　A.should be discussed

　　B.being discussed

　　C.discussed

　　D.was discussed

　　參考答案：1.C 2.A 3.C 4.B 5.D 6.C 7.B 8.D 9.D 10.B

　　being的恰當使用

　　英語中有一個詞叫being,雖然用法很簡單，但是容易出錯。什么時候該用，什么時候不該用，往往不易被廣大學子所掌握。being在新教材中屬于一種-ing形式的詞，其實它有兩種詞性，一個是現在分詞，另一個是動名詞，那它什么時候是現在分詞？什么時候是動名詞?怎樣恰當的使用它呢？我想同廣大學子討論一下。

　　being作現在分詞用在進行時的被動語態中

　　being用作現在分詞往往出現在現在進行時和過去進行時的被動語態中，它們的構成分別是is/am/are being +過去分詞和was/were being+過去分詞。在此類進行時的被動語態中being是不能省去，是應該使用的，否則成了現在時和過去時的被動語態。

　　The large house which is being built in our school is our scientific building.

　　I am being scolded by my English teacher ,because I have done something wrong.

　　They are being beaten by their father for having stolen a lot of money from the store.

　　A traffic accident happened in the street yesterday but its cause was being looked into.

　　The students who were being spoken to were from the No.2 middle school.

　　二．being用在現在分詞短語中作狀語

　　Being painted, the wall smells terrible. =Because it is being painted, the wall smells terrible.（此句中的being painted是現在分詞短語作原因狀語，其中being是現在分詞，不能省略。因為展開后，原因狀語從中的謂語是現在進行的被動語態is being painted。）

　　Being ill, he didn’t come to school yesterday. = Because he was ill, he didn’t come to school yesterday.(being ill 是現在分詞短語作原因狀語。being是現在分詞，不能省略，因為省略后，ill是形容詞只能表狀態，不能充當原因狀語。)

　　Being operated on by the famous doctor,he could not be disturbed by anyone.=When he was being operated by the famous doctor,he could not be disturbed by anyone.(being operated on by the famous doctor是現在分詞短語充當時間狀語，其中being 是現在分詞，不能省略，因為展開后，從句的謂語部分是was being operated是過去進行時的被動語態。)

　　There being no policemen standing there,these goods may be taken away by some thieves.=If there are no policemen standing there,these goods may be taken away by some thieves(there being no policemen standing there是there be句型的現在分詞短語作條件狀語，其中being是現在分詞，不能省略，因為此處是there be句型。)

　　下列句子不能加being,可廣大學子總是不理解，習慣于加being

　　When being heated, the metal expands and if being allowed to cool it will contract. (此句中兩處均不能加being因為展開后是when it is being heated和if it is being allowed成了現在進行時的被動語態，而此處應是現在時的被動語態when it is heated和if it is allowed。)

　　Such knowledge is still useful when being applied to similar situations in other countries.(NMET 2009 湖北卷)此句可展開為 Such knowledge is still useful when it is being applied to similar situations in other countries. (此句中的being應去掉，因為展開后的從句謂語應是is applied to而不是is being applied to)

　　Being painted red, the building stands out among the rest and looks very attractive.(NMET2010 湖北卷)（此句中的being應去掉，因為此處是過去分詞短語充當原因狀語，相當于Because it is painted red而不是Because it is being painted red）

　　The experiment shows that the proper exercise,if being carried out regularly,can improve our health.(NMET2010 浙江卷)（此句中的being 應去掉，因為此處是過去分詞短語充當條件狀語，相當于if it is carried out而不是if it is being carried out）

　　三、being用作動名詞或用在動名詞短語中在句中充當主語、賓語

　　Being laid off by one company doesn’t necessarily mean that you have no way to support yourself.(being laid off

　　by one company是動名詞短語相當于名詞短語在句中充當主語，其中being是動名詞，不能省略)

　　At the beginning of class,the noise of desks being opened and closed could be heard out in the street.(being opened and closed是動名詞短語充當介詞of的賓語，desks是它的邏輯主語，其中being是動名詞，不能省略)

　　Being exposed to the strong sunlight too long will do harm to your skin.(being exposed to the strong sunlight too long是動名詞短語相當于名詞短語在句中充當主語，其中being是動名詞不能省略)

　　Being unable to use a computer makes it more difficult for him to do his academic research.(NMET2010 湖北卷)（being unable to use a computer是動名詞短語相當于名詞短語在句中充當主語，其中being是動名詞不能省略）

　　I still remember being taken to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.(NMET2009 陜西卷)（being taken to the Famen Temple是動名詞短語相當于名詞短語在句中充當動詞remember的賓語，其中being是動名詞不能省略）

　　鞏固性練習

　　1.The weather

　　fine, they decided to go out for a stroll.

　　A.is

　　B.was

　　C.being

　　D.不填

　　2.

　　by the police ,the kidnappers had no choice but to surrender.

　　A.Surrounded

　　B.Having surrounded

　　C.Being surrounded

　　D.To be surrounded

　　3.Generally speaking,when

　　according to the directions,the drug has no side effect.

　　A.taking

　　B.being taken

　　C.taken

　　D.to be taken

　　4.We insis on theory

　　to practice when we are at work.

　　A.applied

　　B.being applied

　　C.applying

　　D.to be applied

　　5.The money will be used to keep a space vehicle on the moon busy

　　back to the earth photographs and other information about the surface of the moon.

　　A.being sent

　　B.to send

　　C.to be sent

　　D.sending

　　6.Traditional folk arts of Tianjin like paper cutting

　　at the culture show of the 2010 Shanghai World Expo .(NMET2010 天津卷)

　　A.are exhibiting

　　B.is exhibited

　　C.are being exhibited

　　D.is being exhibited

　　7.It is reported that many a new house

　　at present in the disaster area.(NMET2010陜西卷)

　　A.are being built

　　B.is being built

　　C.was being built

　　D.are built

　　8.The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and

　　less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat.（NMET2010 浙江卷）

　　A. being weighed

　　B.to weigh

　　C.weighed

　　D.weighing

　　9.What great difficulty I had

　　the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant.(NMET2010 上海卷)

　　A.find

　　B.being found

　　C.to find

　　D.finding

　　10.Mr. Smith insisted on the problem worth of attention

　　at the meeting.(NMET2010 湖北卷)

　　A.should be discussed

　　B.being discussed

　　C.discussed

　　D.was discussed

　　參考答案：1.C 2.A 3.C 4.B 5.D 6.C 7.B 8.D 9.D 10.B