山東濟寧一中2024屆高考高三英語二輪復習課件:專題八 定語從句和名詞性從句
* 山東濟寧一中2024屆高考高三英語二輪復習課件 專題八 定語從句和名詞性從句
1.(2011年高考新課標全國卷)The prize will go to the writer ______story shows the most imagination. A.thatB.which C.whose
D.what 解析:句意:獎品將發給故事最能展示其想象力的作者。whose 引導定語從句,且在從句中作定語,修飾 story;whose story 相當于 the story of whom。 答案:C 2.(2011年高考大綱全國卷)Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt,________ is a stupid thing to do in such weather. A.this
B.that C.what
D.which 解析:句意:Ted僅穿著短褲和T恤來過周末,在這種天氣下這樣做真愚蠢。which引導非限制性定語從句,在從句中作主語。this,what不能引導定語從句;that不能引導非限制性定語從句。 答案:D 3.(2011年高考山東卷)I'm afraid he's more of a talker than a doer, which is________he never finishes anything. A.that
B.when C.where
D.why 解析:句意:我覺得與其說他是個實干家不如說他是個空談家,這就是為什么他從來不會完成任何事情的原因。分析句子結構可知,which 引導非限制性定語從句,which 指代前面的整個句子he's more of a talker than a doer;在定語從句中,is 后面為表語從句,由句意可知which指代的內容是表語從句內容的原因,故用 why 引導表語從句。 答案:D 4.(2011年高考天津卷)Modern science has given clear evidence ________smoking can lead to many diseases. A.what
B.which C.that
D.where 解析:句意:現代科學對于吸煙能導致多種疾病已經給出了明確的證據。這是一個主從復合句,evidence后的從句是 evidence 的同位語,對 evidence 起解釋說明的作用,且該從句語意完整,故用 that 引導同位語從句。而 what,which,where 均在從句中充當一定的句子成分。 答案:C 5.(2011年高考江西卷)The villagers have already known ________ we'll do is to rebuild the bridge. A.this
B.that C.what
D.which 解析:句意:村民們已經知道我們要做的事是重修這座橋。分析句子結構可知,known后的賓語從句中含有一個主語從句,該從句缺少引導詞并且從句中do缺少賓語,故用what,意為“……的事情”。this不能引導從句;that在名詞性從句中不作句子成分;which強調哪一個,不符合句意。 答案:C [定語從句] 一、關系代詞用that,which引導的定語從句 1.通常只用that的情況 當先行詞為all,few,little,much,anything,nothing,everything,none等時;或者當先行詞被序數詞、形容詞的最高級和all,any,few,little,no,the only,the very,the last等詞修飾時,定語從句的關系代詞要用that;如果定語從句修飾兩個先行詞,其中一個指人,一個指物,那么定語從句的關系代詞也應用that。 2.通常只用which的情況 當引導非限制性定語從句,指物或指代前面整個句子的內容,或放在介詞后面指物時,只能用which。 [典例1] I refuse to accept the blame for something ________was someone else's fault. A.who B.that C.as
D.what [解析] something作先行詞,引導詞必須用that,并且此處that在從句中作主語,不能省略。 [答案] B [典例2] After graduating from college,I took some time off to go travelling,________turned out to be a wise decision. A.that
B.which C.when
D.where [解析] which代替前面整句話的內容“I took some time off to go travelling”,此處which引導非限制性定語從句。 [答案] B 二、who,whom,whose引導的定語從句 1.如果先行詞是指人的不定代詞,如:anyone,anybody,everyone,everybody,someone,somebody,nobody,one,ones,those,all等,關系代詞在定語從句中作主語時用who,作賓語時用whom/who。 2.在非限制性定語從句中,關系代詞指人且作主語時用who,作賓語時用whom/who。 3.在定語從句中可以作定語的關系代詞只有whose,表示物時相當于“the+名詞+of+which”或“of+which+the+名詞”;表示人時相當于“the+名詞+of+whom”或“of+whom+the+名詞”。 [典例3] I've become good friends with several of the students in my school ________I met in the English speech contest last year. A.who
B.where C.when
D.which [解析] ________I met in the English speech contest last year是定語從句修飾several of the students,who在定語從句中作賓語。 [答案] A 3.where,when,why引導的定語從句 where,when,why的意義相當于“介詞+which”。具體而言,where相當于“in/at+which”,when相當于“at/in/during+which”,why相當于“for+which”。 (1)關系副詞where引導定語從句時,只能在定語從句中作地點狀語,定語從句修飾的先行詞必須是表示地點的名詞。 (2)關系副詞when引導定語從句時,只能在定語從句中作時間狀語,定語從句修飾的先行詞必須是表示時間的名詞。 (3)關系副詞why引導定語從句時,只能在定語從句中作原因狀語,定語從句修飾的先行詞必須是表示原因的名詞。 [典例4] The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister________she would stay for an hour. A.where
B.who C.which
D.what [解析] where引導的定語從句修飾限定先行詞the training centre。 [答案] A [典例5] (2011年高考浙江卷)A bank is the place ________ they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain. A.when
B.that C.where
D.there [解析] 句意:銀行是晴天時給你雨傘,下雨時收回雨傘的地方。由于從句結構完整,不缺少句子成分,所以先行詞the place 在從句中要充當地點狀語,故使用關系副詞where 引導定語從句。 [答案] C 三、the way后面的定語從句的引導詞 the way作先行詞且其后定語從句的引導詞在從句中作狀語時引導詞用in which,that或者省略。 [典例6] What surprised me was not what he said but ________he said it. A.the way
B.in the way that C.in the way
D.the way which [解析] 本句中not...but連接兩個并列成分,即________he said it和what he said作并列表語。the way作先行詞,其后定語從句的引導詞作狀語可用in which,that,或者省略引導詞。 [答案] A [名詞性從句] 根據在句中的功能名詞性從句可分為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。因為它是從句,因此具有句子的特點,有主、謂成分,同時又具有名詞性特點,這些從句和名詞一樣,在句中可以充當主語、賓語(包括介詞賓語和動詞賓語以及某些形容詞后的賓語)、表語和同位語。 一、主語從句 1.分清引導主語從句的三類引導詞:(1)that不充當句子成分,本身無意義,僅起連接作用,但不能省略,通常用it作形式主語。(2)who,whom,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever本身有意義,在句中作主語或賓語,不能省略。(3)where,when,how,why本身有意義,在句中作狀語。 2.注意whoever,whatever,whichever等引導主語從句的含義。 3.由it作形式主語的句型 (1)It+be+形容詞(obvious,natural,good,funny,etc.)+that從句。 (2)It+be+名詞性詞組(no wonder,an honour,a pity,no surprise,etc.)+that從句。 (3)It+be+過去分詞(said,reported,thought,expected,etc.)+that從句。 (4)It+seem,happen等不及物動詞及短語的相應形式+that從句。 (5)It doesn't matter/makes no difference,etc.+連接代詞或連接副詞引導的主語從句。 由what,whatever,whoever等引導的主語從句,必須置于主句的謂語動詞之前,不能用it作形式主語。 [典例1] ________some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others. A.Whether
B.What C.That
D.How [解析] 該句的主語部分為________some people regard as a drawback;在該主語從句中regard后面缺少賓語,所以要用what,此處what既引導主語從句又在主語從句中充當賓語。that在句詞性從句中不充當句子成分,本身無意義,僅起連接作用,故用在此處不正確。 [答案] B 二、賓語從句 賓語從句在復合句中可以作動詞的賓語,也可以作介詞、某些形容詞的賓語。 [典例2] (2011年高考上海卷)The message you intend to convey through words may be the exact opposite of ________others actually understand. A.why
B.that C.which
D.what [解析] 句意:你想通過話語傳達的信息也許正與其他人實際理解的完全相反。介詞of后的賓語從句中understand缺少賓語,故用what,D為正確答案。 [答案] D 三、表語從句 1.that和whether引導的表語從句 that引導表語從句時,that本身沒有詞義,一般不可以省略(但在口語中有時也可以省略)。whether引導表語從句,表示“是否”,不能省略。 2.if一般不用來引導表語從句,但as if卻可引導表語從句: All this was over twenty years ago,but it was as if it was only yesterday. 3.主語是reason時,表語從句常用that,不用because,如: The reason why he didn't come was that he was ill. [典例3] Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel,David Copperfield,was________it was rather closely modeled on his own life. A.what
B.that C.why
D.whether [解析] 在該句中有一個定語從句Charles Dickens loved his own novel,David Copperfield。做題的時候可以把定語從句去掉,句子的主干為:Part of the reason was ________it was rather closely modeled on his own life.很顯然橫線后面的是作was的表語,而該從句不缺成分,故要用that來引導。 [答案] B 四、同位語從句 同位語從句一般由that(不能用which,且that不能省略)或whether引導,有時也可以用when,where,how,why等引導。同位語從句常放在名詞的后面,解釋說明該名詞的具體內容。同位語從句修飾的名詞必須是一個表示事實等的抽象名詞。fact,news,idea,truth,hope,information,belief,reply,doubt等。 [典例4] (2011年高考遼寧卷)When the news came________the war broke out, he decided to serve in the army. A.since
B.which C.that
D.because [解析] 句意:當戰爭爆發的消息傳來時,他決定參軍。本題考查同位語從句。“the war broke out”作the news的同位語,該同位語從句不缺任何成分,用that引導,故答案為C項。 [答案] C *
* 山東濟寧一中2024屆高考高三英語二輪復習課件 專題八 定語從句和名詞性從句
1.(2011年高考新課標全國卷)The prize will go to the writer ______story shows the most imagination. A.thatB.which C.whose
D.what 解析:句意:獎品將發給故事最能展示其想象力的作者。whose 引導定語從句,且在從句中作定語,修飾 story;whose story 相當于 the story of whom。 答案:C 2.(2011年高考大綱全國卷)Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt,________ is a stupid thing to do in such weather. A.this
B.that C.what
D.which 解析:句意:Ted僅穿著短褲和T恤來過周末,在這種天氣下這樣做真愚蠢。which引導非限制性定語從句,在從句中作主語。this,what不能引導定語從句;that不能引導非限制性定語從句。 答案:D 3.(2011年高考山東卷)I'm afraid he's more of a talker than a doer, which is________he never finishes anything. A.that
B.when C.where
D.why 解析:句意:我覺得與其說他是個實干家不如說他是個空談家,這就是為什么他從來不會完成任何事情的原因。分析句子結構可知,which 引導非限制性定語從句,which 指代前面的整個句子he's more of a talker than a doer;在定語從句中,is 后面為表語從句,由句意可知which指代的內容是表語從句內容的原因,故用 why 引導表語從句。 答案:D 4.(2011年高考天津卷)Modern science has given clear evidence ________smoking can lead to many diseases. A.what
B.which C.that
D.where 解析:句意:現代科學對于吸煙能導致多種疾病已經給出了明確的證據。這是一個主從復合句,evidence后的從句是 evidence 的同位語,對 evidence 起解釋說明的作用,且該從句語意完整,故用 that 引導同位語從句。而 what,which,where 均在從句中充當一定的句子成分。 答案:C 5.(2011年高考江西卷)The villagers have already known ________ we'll do is to rebuild the bridge. A.this
B.that C.what
D.which 解析:句意:村民們已經知道我們要做的事是重修這座橋。分析句子結構可知,known后的賓語從句中含有一個主語從句,該從句缺少引導詞并且從句中do缺少賓語,故用what,意為“……的事情”。this不能引導從句;that在名詞性從句中不作句子成分;which強調哪一個,不符合句意。 答案:C [定語從句] 一、關系代詞用that,which引導的定語從句 1.通常只用that的情況 當先行詞為all,few,little,much,anything,nothing,everything,none等時;或者當先行詞被序數詞、形容詞的最高級和all,any,few,little,no,the only,the very,the last等詞修飾時,定語從句的關系代詞要用that;如果定語從句修飾兩個先行詞,其中一個指人,一個指物,那么定語從句的關系代詞也應用that。 2.通常只用which的情況 當引導非限制性定語從句,指物或指代前面整個句子的內容,或放在介詞后面指物時,只能用which。 [典例1] I refuse to accept the blame for something ________was someone else's fault. A.who B.that C.as
D.what [解析] something作先行詞,引導詞必須用that,并且此處that在從句中作主語,不能省略。 [答案] B [典例2] After graduating from college,I took some time off to go travelling,________turned out to be a wise decision. A.that
B.which C.when
D.where [解析] which代替前面整句話的內容“I took some time off to go travelling”,此處which引導非限制性定語從句。 [答案] B 二、who,whom,whose引導的定語從句 1.如果先行詞是指人的不定代詞,如:anyone,anybody,everyone,everybody,someone,somebody,nobody,one,ones,those,all等,關系代詞在定語從句中作主語時用who,作賓語時用whom/who。 2.在非限制性定語從句中,關系代詞指人且作主語時用who,作賓語時用whom/who。 3.在定語從句中可以作定語的關系代詞只有whose,表示物時相當于“the+名詞+of+which”或“of+which+the+名詞”;表示人時相當于“the+名詞+of+whom”或“of+whom+the+名詞”。 [典例3] I've become good friends with several of the students in my school ________I met in the English speech contest last year. A.who
B.where C.when
D.which [解析] ________I met in the English speech contest last year是定語從句修飾several of the students,who在定語從句中作賓語。 [答案] A 3.where,when,why引導的定語從句 where,when,why的意義相當于“介詞+which”。具體而言,where相當于“in/at+which”,when相當于“at/in/during+which”,why相當于“for+which”。 (1)關系副詞where引導定語從句時,只能在定語從句中作地點狀語,定語從句修飾的先行詞必須是表示地點的名詞。 (2)關系副詞when引導定語從句時,只能在定語從句中作時間狀語,定語從句修飾的先行詞必須是表示時間的名詞。 (3)關系副詞why引導定語從句時,只能在定語從句中作原因狀語,定語從句修飾的先行詞必須是表示原因的名詞。 [典例4] The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister________she would stay for an hour. A.where
B.who C.which
D.what [解析] where引導的定語從句修飾限定先行詞the training centre。 [答案] A [典例5] (2011年高考浙江卷)A bank is the place ________ they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain. A.when
B.that C.where
D.there [解析] 句意:銀行是晴天時給你雨傘,下雨時收回雨傘的地方。由于從句結構完整,不缺少句子成分,所以先行詞the place 在從句中要充當地點狀語,故使用關系副詞where 引導定語從句。 [答案] C 三、the way后面的定語從句的引導詞 the way作先行詞且其后定語從句的引導詞在從句中作狀語時引導詞用in which,that或者省略。 [典例6] What surprised me was not what he said but ________he said it. A.the way
B.in the way that C.in the way
D.the way which [解析] 本句中not...but連接兩個并列成分,即________he said it和what he said作并列表語。the way作先行詞,其后定語從句的引導詞作狀語可用in which,that,或者省略引導詞。 [答案] A [名詞性從句] 根據在句中的功能名詞性從句可分為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。因為它是從句,因此具有句子的特點,有主、謂成分,同時又具有名詞性特點,這些從句和名詞一樣,在句中可以充當主語、賓語(包括介詞賓語和動詞賓語以及某些形容詞后的賓語)、表語和同位語。 一、主語從句 1.分清引導主語從句的三類引導詞:(1)that不充當句子成分,本身無意義,僅起連接作用,但不能省略,通常用it作形式主語。(2)who,whom,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever本身有意義,在句中作主語或賓語,不能省略。(3)where,when,how,why本身有意義,在句中作狀語。 2.注意whoever,whatever,whichever等引導主語從句的含義。 3.由it作形式主語的句型 (1)It+be+形容詞(obvious,natural,good,funny,etc.)+that從句。 (2)It+be+名詞性詞組(no wonder,an honour,a pity,no surprise,etc.)+that從句。 (3)It+be+過去分詞(said,reported,thought,expected,etc.)+that從句。 (4)It+seem,happen等不及物動詞及短語的相應形式+that從句。 (5)It doesn't matter/makes no difference,etc.+連接代詞或連接副詞引導的主語從句。 由what,whatever,whoever等引導的主語從句,必須置于主句的謂語動詞之前,不能用it作形式主語。 [典例1] ________some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others. A.Whether
B.What C.That
D.How [解析] 該句的主語部分為________some people regard as a drawback;在該主語從句中regard后面缺少賓語,所以要用what,此處what既引導主語從句又在主語從句中充當賓語。that在句詞性從句中不充當句子成分,本身無意義,僅起連接作用,故用在此處不正確。 [答案] B 二、賓語從句 賓語從句在復合句中可以作動詞的賓語,也可以作介詞、某些形容詞的賓語。 [典例2] (2011年高考上海卷)The message you intend to convey through words may be the exact opposite of ________others actually understand. A.why
B.that C.which
D.what [解析] 句意:你想通過話語傳達的信息也許正與其他人實際理解的完全相反。介詞of后的賓語從句中understand缺少賓語,故用what,D為正確答案。 [答案] D 三、表語從句 1.that和whether引導的表語從句 that引導表語從句時,that本身沒有詞義,一般不可以省略(但在口語中有時也可以省略)。whether引導表語從句,表示“是否”,不能省略。 2.if一般不用來引導表語從句,但as if卻可引導表語從句: All this was over twenty years ago,but it was as if it was only yesterday. 3.主語是reason時,表語從句常用that,不用because,如: The reason why he didn't come was that he was ill. [典例3] Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel,David Copperfield,was________it was rather closely modeled on his own life. A.what
B.that C.why
D.whether [解析] 在該句中有一個定語從句Charles Dickens loved his own novel,David Copperfield。做題的時候可以把定語從句去掉,句子的主干為:Part of the reason was ________it was rather closely modeled on his own life.很顯然橫線后面的是作was的表語,而該從句不缺成分,故要用that來引導。 [答案] B 四、同位語從句 同位語從句一般由that(不能用which,且that不能省略)或whether引導,有時也可以用when,where,how,why等引導。同位語從句常放在名詞的后面,解釋說明該名詞的具體內容。同位語從句修飾的名詞必須是一個表示事實等的抽象名詞。fact,news,idea,truth,hope,information,belief,reply,doubt等。 [典例4] (2011年高考遼寧卷)When the news came________the war broke out, he decided to serve in the army. A.since
B.which C.that
D.because [解析] 句意:當戰爭爆發的消息傳來時,他決定參軍。本題考查同位語從句。“the war broke out”作the news的同位語,該同位語從句不缺任何成分,用that引導,故答案為C項。 [答案] C *