國務(wù)院總理李克強(qiáng)當(dāng)?shù)貢r間6月2日上午在布魯塞爾出席第12屆中歐工商峰會，并發(fā)表題為《共同奏響高水平互利合作新樂章》的演講。

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Chinese Premier Li Keqiang delivers a keynote speech at the 12th EU-China Business Summit in Brussels on June 2, 2024. [Photo provided to chinadaily.com.cn]

演講全文如下：

共同奏響高水平互利合作新樂章

Work Together to Embrace a New Era of High-standard and Mutually Beneficial Cooperation

——在第12屆中歐工商峰會上的演講

（2024年6月2日，布魯塞爾）

中華人民共和國國務(wù)院總理　李克強(qiáng)

Speech by H.E. Li Keqiang

Premier of the State Council of the People’ s Republic of China

At the 12th China-EU Business Summit

Brussels, 2 June 2024

尊敬的容克主席，

President Juncker,

女士們、先生們、朋友們：

Ladies and Gentlemen,Friends,

很高興來到美麗的布魯塞爾，出席中歐工商峰會。我謹(jǐn)代表中國政府，對峰會的成功舉辦表示祝賀，向長期致力于中歐友好合作的各界人士致以敬意！

It gives me great pleasure to come to the beautiful city of Brussels and join you for the China-EU Business Summit. On behalf of the Chinese government, I would like to congratulate you on the success of the Business Summit and pay tribute to people from all sectors who have long been committed to promoting friendship and cooperation between China and Europe.

比利時有歐洲“十字路口”之稱，布魯塞爾是歐洲的“心臟”。在這里可以感受到歐洲跳動的“脈搏”，也便于清晰觀察世界局勢的走向。當(dāng)前，世界經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易出現(xiàn)積極變化，樂觀情緒上升，但增長基礎(chǔ)并不牢固，不確定性仍然較多。經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化在曲折中發(fā)展，地區(qū)沖突、恐怖主義、難民移民大規(guī)模流動等挑戰(zhàn)依然嚴(yán)峻。作為維護(hù)世界和平與促進(jìn)共同發(fā)展的兩大力量，中歐如何應(yīng)對紛繁復(fù)雜的局勢，備受各方矚目。我此訪的重要目的，是推動中歐凝聚共識、增進(jìn)互信、深化合作，以中歐雙邊關(guān)系的穩(wěn)定性、共同維護(hù)多邊主義的一貫性，應(yīng)對國際形勢的不確定性。

Belgium is known as the “crossroads” of Europe and Brussels is at the “heart” of Europe. From here, one can feel the “pulse” of this continent and see the direction of international evolution. The global economy and trade are now showing positive changes which bolster our sense of optimism, but the foundation for continued growth is not yet secure and uncertainties still abound. Economic globalization is encountering difficulties. Challenges such as regional conflicts, terrorism and large movement of refugees and migrants remain acute.As two leading players for promoting world peace and common development, how China and the EU respond to such a complex situation will be keenly watched around the world. My visit to Europe is aimed at building consensus, increasing mutual trust and enhancing cooperation between China and Europe to counter international uncertainties with a stable China-EU relationship and our consistent commitment to multilateralism.

中國堅(jiān)定不移支持歐洲團(tuán)結(jié)繁榮穩(wěn)定。歐洲是發(fā)達(dá)國家最集中的大陸，歐盟是世界政治經(jīng)濟(jì)舞臺上的重要一極。一個團(tuán)結(jié)、穩(wěn)定、繁榮、開放的歐洲，一個強(qiáng)大的歐元，關(guān)乎歐洲各國人民的根本福祉，有利于世界多極化、經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化、文明多樣化。中國一直從戰(zhàn)略高度看待和重視歐盟，把發(fā)展對歐關(guān)系作為外交的優(yōu)先方向之一。無論歐洲形勢和國際風(fēng)云如何變化，中國都愿與歐方深化全面戰(zhàn)略伙伴關(guān)系，一如既往地堅(jiān)定支持歐洲一體化進(jìn)程，也尊重歐洲國家自主選擇發(fā)展道路。我們堅(jiān)信歐洲有智慧有能力克服眼前困難，實(shí)現(xiàn)新的發(fā)展與進(jìn)步。

China firmly supports a united, prosperous and stable Europe. Europe is home to the largest number of developed countries and the EU is an important pole in the world political and economic arena. A united, stable, prosperous and open Europe and a strong euro serve the fundamental interests of all European peoples and contribute to world multipolarity, economic globalization and diversity of civilizations. China has all along placed strategic importance on its relations with the EU and considers the EU as a diplomatic priority. No matter how the situation in Europe and the world evolves, China will always be ready to deepen its comprehensive strategic partnership with the EU. We will continue to give firm support to the European integration process and respect the development paths chosen by European countries themselves. We have full confidence that Europe has the wisdom and capability to overcome current difficulties and achieve new progress in development.

中歐應(yīng)共同堅(jiān)持經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的大方向。今年年初，習(xí)近平主席在達(dá)沃斯世界經(jīng)濟(jì)論壇發(fā)表重要演講，闡述了中國堅(jiān)定維護(hù)自由貿(mào)易，共同建設(shè)開放、包容、普惠、平衡、共贏的經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的主張，提振了人們對經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的信心。以貿(mào)易和投資自由化便利化為代表的經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化，過去是、現(xiàn)在是、將來仍然是世界經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)發(fā)展的重要動力。世界上不存在有百利無一弊的靈丹妙藥，經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化也會帶來這樣那樣的問題。我們要正視這些問題，采取措施加以解決、減少負(fù)面影響，但不能因噎廢食，“踩剎車”、“掛倒擋”不可取，也不符合歷史潮流。當(dāng)前的迫切任務(wù)，是堅(jiān)持自由貿(mào)易，重振貿(mào)易和投資兩大引擎，推動世界經(jīng)濟(jì)邁上穩(wěn)定復(fù)蘇的軌道，使經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化惠及更多國家、更多人群。中歐都是自由貿(mào)易的受益者，也應(yīng)是自由貿(mào)易的堅(jiān)定維護(hù)者。現(xiàn)在有人提出“公平貿(mào)易”問題。事實(shí)上，自由貿(mào)易是貿(mào)易公平的前提，限制貿(mào)易自由帶不來貿(mào)易公平；公平原則是自由貿(mào)易的應(yīng)有之義，不公平的貿(mào)易也無法持續(xù)。公平貿(mào)易應(yīng)體現(xiàn)多邊性、包容性、非歧視性等原則，不能將單邊規(guī)則強(qiáng)加于人，也不能將公平貿(mào)易政治化。

China and the EU need to remain committed to the overall direction of economic globalization. In his speech at the World Economic Forum in Davos earlier this year, President Xi Jinping underscored China’s commitment to upholding free trade and put forward the proposition of making economic globalization more open, inclusive, balanced and beneficial to all. His message has given a boost to people’s confidence in economic globalization. Powered by trade and investment liberalization and facilitation, economic globalization has always been and will continue to be a major driver for sustained global growth. Just as there is no panacea in the world which does not involve any pain, economic globalization is not problem-free. We need to face up to these problems and make efforts to address and alleviate their adverse impacts. In any case, one cannot stop eating for fear of choking, to apply the brakes on economic globalization or try to reverse course is neither advisable nor consistent with the historical trend. The most urgent task now is to uphold free trade, re-energize trade and investment, push the global economy onto the track of steady recovery and spread the benefits of economic globalization to more countries and communities. Both being beneficiaries of free trade, China and the EU should also be its staunch advocates. Some people raised the issue of fair trade. As a matter of fact, free trade is the premise of fair trade. Restricting free trade will not make trade fairer. Fairness is an inherent feature of free trade, and trade, if not fair, will not be sustainable. Fair trade should reflect multilateral, inclusive and non-discriminatory principles. Attempting to impose unilateral rules or making fair trade a political issue will not lead anywhere.

中歐應(yīng)共同維護(hù)以規(guī)則為基礎(chǔ)的多邊經(jīng)貿(mào)秩序。以世貿(mào)組織為核心的多邊貿(mào)易體制，是經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的重要制度保障，權(quán)威和效力應(yīng)得到尊重和維護(hù)。即便現(xiàn)行多邊規(guī)則有不適應(yīng)形勢變化的地方，大家可以共同協(xié)商加以完善，但不能無視既定規(guī)則，更不能推倒重來。加入世貿(mào)組織以來，中國全面履行了各項(xiàng)承諾，其他成員方也應(yīng)該這樣做。歐盟作為現(xiàn)代國際經(jīng)貿(mào)規(guī)則的主要創(chuàng)設(shè)者之一，也是區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)合作的標(biāo)桿，遵守多邊規(guī)則、維護(hù)多邊體系，符合歐盟自身的利益。《中國加入世界貿(mào)易組織議定書》第15條是“日落條款”，按期無條件終止對華反傾銷調(diào)查“替代國”做法，是各成員方的國際條約義務(wù)。希望歐盟在履行第15條義務(wù)問題上，向世界釋放維護(hù)多邊體系和規(guī)則的積極信號。如果世貿(mào)組織各成員都“選擇性”遵守國際規(guī)則，容易引發(fā)連鎖反應(yīng)，動搖多邊秩序的根基，最終不會有贏家。

China and the EU need to jointly uphold the rules-based multilateral economic and trade order. The multilateral trading regime with the WTO at its core provides important institutional safeguard for economic globalization. Its authority and efficacy should be respected and upheld. Even though some of the multilateral rules may no longer reflect changing circumstances, we can all engage in consultations on improving them. No one should turn a blind eye to these rules, still less try to start anew. China has fully honored its commitments as a member of the WTO, and other members are supposed to do the same. The EU is a leading maker of modern economic and trade rules and a standard-bearer of regional economic cooperation. As such, it is in the interests of the EU to observe multilateral rules and uphold the multilateral system. Article 15 of China’s WTO Accession Protocol is a “sunset clause,” which obliges all members to unconditionally cease, upon the date of its expiry, the application of analogue country methodology in their anti-dumping investigations against China. On the issue of complying with Article 15 obligations, we hope the EU will send a positive signal of upholding the multilateral system and rules. If all WTO members chose to observe international rules in a selective way, this would trigger cycles of reactions and undercut the foundation of the multilateral order. No one will emerge as a winner eventually.

中歐應(yīng)共同維護(hù)和平穩(wěn)定的發(fā)展環(huán)境。和平、發(fā)展、開放、合作多位一體、密不可分。沒有和平穩(wěn)定的環(huán)境，一切都無從談起。歷史上，中歐人民都曾飽受戰(zhàn)亂之苦，更加懂得和平的珍貴。世界保持70多年的和平來之不易，應(yīng)當(dāng)倍加珍惜。中歐應(yīng)堅(jiān)定維護(hù)以《聯(lián)合國憲章》為基礎(chǔ)的國際關(guān)系準(zhǔn)則，堅(jiān)持政治解決熱點(diǎn)問題的方向，在國際社會廣泛共識的基礎(chǔ)上應(yīng)對全球性挑戰(zhàn)，促進(jìn)世界持久和平與共同發(fā)展。當(dāng)前朝鮮半島形勢高度敏感復(fù)雜，中方堅(jiān)持實(shí)現(xiàn)半島無核化目標(biāo)，堅(jiān)持維護(hù)半島和地區(qū)和平穩(wěn)定，堅(jiān)持通過對話協(xié)商解決問題，實(shí)踐證明這是負(fù)責(zé)任的做法。敘利亞問題久拖未決，令人擔(dān)憂。國際社會應(yīng)尊重?cái)⒗麃喨嗣襁x擇自己的發(fā)展道路，共同推動敘利亞問題早日實(shí)現(xiàn)政治解決。恐怖主義是人類公敵，中歐都是受害者，對一切形式的恐怖主義必須予以堅(jiān)決打擊。

China and the EU need to jointly maintain a peaceful and stable environment for development. Peace, development, openness and cooperation are interconnected and inseparable. Without peace and stability, nothing could be achieved. Having both suffered from the miseries of war, the people of China and Europe deeply value peace. The prevalent trend for peace in the world for the past 70 years and more has been no mean feat and should be all the more cherished. China and the EU need to firmly uphold the norms governing international relations underpinned by the UN Charter, never waver from political settlement of hotspot issues, and address global challenges on the basis of consensus-building, in a joint effort to promote durable peace and common development of the world. The situation on the Korean Peninsula is highly sensitive and complex. China has remained firmly committed to denuclearization, to the maintenance of peace and stability on the Peninsula and in the region and to resolution through dialogue and consultation. Past experience has shown that this is the responsible approach to take. Protracted conflict in Syria has been a source of concern. The international community should respect the choice of development path made by the Syrian people and work for the early political settlement of the issue. Terrorism is a common enemy to all mankind, and both China and Europe have suffered enormously from this scourge. Terrorism in whatever form must be combated with full resolve.

女士們、先生們！

Ladies and Gentlemen,

中歐關(guān)系走過40多年歷程，逐步邁入成熟穩(wěn)健的發(fā)展軌道。2024年，習(xí)近平主席訪問歐盟期間，提出共同打造中歐和平、增長、改革、文明四大伙伴關(guān)系，為中歐合作注入了新的強(qiáng)大動力。在雙方各界人士共同努力下，中歐全方位合作穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)，經(jīng)貿(mào)合作更是碩果累累。歐盟長期是中國第一大貿(mào)易伙伴、第一大技術(shù)After a journey of more than 40 years, China-EU relations have moved onto a track of more mature and sound development. During President Xi Jinping’ s visit to the EU in 2024, he proposed joint efforts to build the partnerships for peace, growth, reform and civilization, which injected fresh and strong impetus into China-EU cooperation. Thanks to the concerted efforts from all sectors on both sides, China-EU cooperation has been making steady and all-round progress. Most notably, our economic and trade cooperation has borne fruitful outcomes. For many years, the EU has been China’ s largest trading partner, largest provider of technology and an important source of foreign investment. China, on its part, is the second largest trading partner of the EU. According to Chinese statistics, since the international financial crisis, China’ s export to the EU has registered an average annual growth of 1.8 percent, and the EU’s export to China 5.8 percent. Today, every single minute, more than US$1 million worth of goods and services are being traded between the two sides. The value of goods traded for every two days now is equivalent to that of the whole year in the early period of our diplomatic ties. China and the EU are linked together by over 600 flights every week and 150 freight train services every month. The growth of China-EU cooperation is a natural outcome of the complementarity of our strengths, and has delivered benefits to people on both sides. European capital, technology and managerial expertise have given a boost to China’s industrialization, while high-quality yet inexpensive products from China have been a big money saver for European families. The vast Chinese market has generated huge profits for the 16,000 European-invested companies in China. Chinese investment in Europe has created a large number of jobs for European countries.

放眼未來，中歐經(jīng)貿(mào)合作前景廣闊。中國經(jīng)濟(jì)保持6.5%左右的中高速增長，正處在消費(fèi)升級和產(chǎn)業(yè)升級的重要階段，對歐洲高品質(zhì)消費(fèi)品、先進(jìn)技術(shù)設(shè)備、優(yōu)質(zhì)服務(wù)的需求不斷增加。歐洲經(jīng)濟(jì)回暖，居民消費(fèi)穩(wěn)定增長，基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)投入加大，也將為中國企業(yè)提供新的商機(jī)。歐盟對華投資僅占對外投資存量的4%，中國投資也只占?xì)W盟吸收外資總額的2%，這與雙方經(jīng)濟(jì)體量并不相稱，投資合作還有巨大潛力。

Looking ahead, economic and trade cooperation between China and Europe promises a broad prospect. With a medium-high growth rate of around 6.5 percent, the Chinese economy has entered a crucial stage of consumption and industrial upgrading, leading to growing demands for high-quality consumer goods, advanced technology and equipment and quality services from Europe. Meanwhile, improved economic performance, expanding household consumption and increased infrastructure investment in Europe will generate new opportunities for Chinese businesses. The EU’ s investment in China only accounts for 4 percent of the EU’s total overseas investment, and Chinese investment in the EU only takes up 2 percent of all FDI flowing to the EU. This is not commensurate with the size of the two economies and spells out enormous potential for further investment cooperation.

中歐經(jīng)貿(mào)關(guān)系中合作與競爭并存，但合作共贏是主流。與過去相比，中國雖然經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)模大了，但產(chǎn)業(yè)總體上仍處于全球價(jià)值鏈中低端。雙方互補(bǔ)互利的合作格局沒有改變，改變的只是合作的方式。過去的合作基本是“歐洲投資+中國制造”，現(xiàn)在這種方式依然是主要的，又增加了“中國投資+歐洲制造”、“三方合作”等方式，開辟了“一帶一路”建設(shè)新領(lǐng)域，雙方利益交匯點(diǎn)更多、相互依存度更高。當(dāng)然，中歐之間也有競爭的一面，但建立在共同利益基礎(chǔ)上的競爭并不是壞事。中歐要在合作與競爭中共同發(fā)展，使兩大市場“珠聯(lián)璧合”，為世界經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展注入動力。

The economic and trade relations between China and the EU may be marked by both cooperation and competition, yet win-win cooperation is the overriding trend. Despite the expanded size of its economy, China is still at the medium and lower ends of the global value chain. The complementary and win-win nature of China-EU cooperation has remained unchanged. What has changed is only the model of such cooperation. In the past our cooperation was more or less about “invested by Europe plus made in China,” which is still common today. But now we are also cooperating in the form of “invested by China plus made in Europe” and in third countries. We are also exploring new areas of cooperation such as the Belt and Road Initiative. This has expanded the areas of converging interests and deepened the interdependence between us. That said, competition also exists between China and the EU, yet competition based on common interests is not a bad thing. China and the EU need to pursue common development in the process of cooperation and competition to create deeper market connectivity and instill durable driving force into global economic development.

中歐貿(mào)易平衡狀況，是由各自發(fā)展階段、比較優(yōu)勢和貿(mào)易結(jié)構(gòu)等多種因素共同決定的。在自由貿(mào)易體系下，不同經(jīng)濟(jì)體、不同時期總會出現(xiàn)逆差或者順差，貿(mào)易不可能絕對平衡。中國對歐盟有順差，但同時對日本、韓國、澳大利亞等國有逆差；對比利時、荷蘭、意大利等歐洲國家有順差，而對德國、瑞士、奧地利、愛爾蘭等又有逆差；中國貨物貿(mào)易是順差，服務(wù)貿(mào)易則有2400億美元的逆差，其中400多億美元來自歐洲。受全球供應(yīng)鏈、價(jià)值鏈重構(gòu)等影響，國際貿(mào)易流向發(fā)生重大變化。單純以現(xiàn)行原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則統(tǒng)計(jì)的貿(mào)易數(shù)據(jù)，并不能全面真實(shí)反映中歐之間的貿(mào)易利益和貿(mào)易平衡狀況。去年中歐貨物貿(mào)易順差74%來自加工貿(mào)易，順差記在中國頭上，利潤主要流向跨國公司，中國企業(yè)只賺取一些工本費(fèi)。如果以增加值核算，中歐貿(mào)易順差將下降40%左右。中國奉行進(jìn)出口平衡的貿(mào)易政策，不刻意追求順差，經(jīng)常項(xiàng)目順差占國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的比例已由2007年10%的峰值下降到去年的1.8%，今年一季度只有0.7%，低于不少歐盟國家水平。中方愿同歐方盡早啟動自貿(mào)區(qū)聯(lián)合可行性研究，進(jìn)一步提高貿(mào)易自由化便利化水平，為歐方優(yōu)質(zhì)商品進(jìn)入中國市場創(chuàng)造有利條件。也希望歐方放寬對華高技術(shù)出口管制，克制使用貿(mào)易救濟(jì)措施，促進(jìn)雙邊貿(mào)易平衡發(fā)展。

The trade balance between China and the EU is determined by multiple factors, such as development stage, comparative advantage and trade structure. In the system of free trade, any economy may be prone to deficit or surplus at different times. Absolute balance of trade is simply impossible. While China runs a trade surplus with the EU, it is also in deficit with such countries as Japan, the ROK and Australia. As far as European countries are concerned, China is in surplus with Belgium, the Netherlands and Italy, but in deficit with Germany, Switzerland, Austria and Ireland. Although it is on the surplus side in trade in goods, China has a US$240 billion deficit in trade in services, among which over US$40 billion is with Europe. Due to the readjustment in the global supply chain and value chain, major changes have taken place in the flow of international trade. Trade statistics calculated with simple reference to rules of origin as is currently the case cannot truly or fully reflect the trade interests and balance between China and Europe. Last year, 74 percent of China’ s surplus of trade in goods with the EU came from processing trade. While this was registered as China’ s surplus, the profits has mainly accrued to multinational companies, with Chinese enterprises only earning a thin margin. If calculated by added value, China’ s trade surplus with the EU would be cut by around 40 percent.China follows a trade policy of balance in import and export, and does not seek trade surplus. Its current account surplus to GDP ratio has dropped from the peak of 10 percent in 2007 to 1.8 percent last year. And in the first quarter of this year, it was only 0.7 percent, lower than that of many EU countries. China stands ready to work for the launch of a joint feasibility study for a China-EU free trade area as early as possible, further improve trade liberalization and facilitation, and create favorable conditions for competitive European products to enter the Chinese market. We also hope the EU will loosen restrictions over hi-tech exports to China, exercise restraint in the use of trade remedies, and promote the balanced growth of two-way trade.

中歐經(jīng)貿(mào)合作不是簡單的買賣關(guān)系，而是內(nèi)涵豐富的伙伴關(guān)系，投資合作是其中的重要支柱。中方始終歡迎歐洲企業(yè)到中國投資，也鼓勵中國企業(yè)來歐洲興業(yè)，形成雙向開放、平等開放、互利雙贏的格局。但中歐經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平不同，產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)各異，對外開放的重點(diǎn)、力度、節(jié)奏都會有所不同，不能簡單比較開放的領(lǐng)域和程度，追求一比一的對等開放，關(guān)鍵要看雙方獲利是否總體平衡。就拿汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)來說，有人抱怨中國開放程度不如歐洲，但歐洲品牌車占據(jù)中國汽車市場相當(dāng)大的份額，而歐洲大街小巷幾乎見不到中國品牌汽車的身影。中方開放的大門永遠(yuǎn)不會關(guān)上，只會越開越大。2024年我們第六次修訂外商投資產(chǎn)業(yè)指導(dǎo)目錄，限制類條目縮減一半。近期又第七次修訂目錄，限制類條目再縮減1/3。負(fù)面清單的外資管理模式已在全國范圍內(nèi)推廣，除極少數(shù)領(lǐng)域外，外商投資企業(yè)設(shè)立和變更一律由審批改為備案。我們不僅放寬市場準(zhǔn)入，還大力推進(jìn)公平競爭。只要在中國注冊的企業(yè)，無論內(nèi)資還是外資企業(yè)，中國政府都一視同仁，在資質(zhì)許可、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)制定、政府采購、享受“中國制造2025”政策等方面，依法給予同等待遇。我們愿與歐方加快商談高水平的投資協(xié)定，營造更開放、更公平、更規(guī)范的投資環(huán)境。也希望歐方在投資審查等方面公正對待中國企業(yè)，在簽證等方面給予更多便利。