2024屆高考英語一輪復習閱讀理解指導課件:選擇文章標題有三招(新人教版)
文章的標題是段落中心思想最精煉的表達形式,其特點是: (1)概括性:短小精悍,言簡意賅,多為一個名詞性短語。 (2)針對性:既能覆蓋全文,范圍又大小合適。 (3)醒目性:能吸引人的眼球,能引起閱讀欲望。 以下三招可幫助我們提高解題速度和增加準確性。
選擇文章標題有三招 1.用略讀法 跟解答主旨大意題相同,主要是略讀,即重點理解首尾段和各段的首尾句,迅速找出主題句,或根據(jù)文章內容自己歸納主旨要義,然后與各標題對照,看哪個選項與文章主旨大意相符。 2.用寫作法 先不看文章,瀏覽著各備選項,逐一設想,如果我用這個標題來寫文章會寫些什么內容呢,并構思結構框架,然后快速瀏覽全文,對照自己原有設想,一一排除不符者。
3.研究備選項 研究備選項里面的中心詞、各選項的修飾語及彼此差異、分析概括范圍等。看是否以偏概全,是否只是某個細節(jié)等。逐一排除不符者。 實際解題過程中,是綜合以上三種方法的。
1. According to the passage, winners ________.
A. deal with problems rather than blame others B. meet with fewer difficulties in their lives C. have responsible and able colleagues
D. blame themselves rather than others 即學即用 A 解析:A
歸納結論題。由第一段中的 “once you form the habit of blaming somebody or something else for a bad situation, you are a loser”可知“贏家不應責備別人”,由第一段中的 “focusing on how to remedy the situation”和第二段首句Winners are great at overcoming problems可知,“贏家是解決問題”,第二段的舉例中有更明顯的話 “find ways of dealing with…rather than…”,故選A。
2. The underlined word remedy in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to __________. A. avoid
B.
accept
C. improve
D. consider
解析:C 詞義猜測題。由上文“因a bad situation來責備某人或某事是失敗者”,而“改變 the situation是不可能的”,“然而你可以remedy the situation”,根據(jù)這三句的邏輯關系不難推出,remedy應是“改善”之意。
C 3. When your colleague brings about a problem, you should_________. A. find a better way to handle the problem B. blame him for his lack of responsibility C. tell him to find the cause of the problem D. ask a more able colleague for help 解析:A
細節(jié)理解題。由第二段第四句if your colleague causes you problems… find ways of dealing with…可知。
A 4. When problems occur, winners take them as _____. A. excuses for their failures
B. barriers to greater power C. challenges to their colleagues
D. chances for self-development 解析:D 細節(jié)理解題。由第三段第三句They are just better at seeing those problems as challenges and opportunities to develop their own talents可知。
D 5. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A. A Winner’s Secret.
B. A Winner’s Problem. C. A Winner’s Opportunity.
D. A Winner’s Achievement. 解析:A
本題要求考生選出正確的標題。 A [方法1] 正面肯定法。第一段最后一句說,“這”(贏家碰到問題不是責怪別人,而是設法補救)就是贏家成功的秘密。第二、第三段第一句分別是這兩段的主題句,說贏家擅長于“克服問題”,把問題當作挑戰(zhàn)和機遇。文章中盡管多次出現(xiàn)“problem”一詞,但只是說贏家怎樣對待“問題”而成功,故選A。
[方法2]反面否定法。如果以“A Winner’s Problem ”為標題寫文章,那么全文應主要涉及贏家會遇到哪些“問題”,諸如社會的、心理的、專業(yè)的、身體的問題等。如果以“A Winner’s Opportunity”為題做文章,則應著墨于“機遇”對成功的影響,即文章需著重論述贏家與“機遇”的關系。如果以“A Winner’s Achievement”為題著文,則文中應該談及贏家的“成就”。然而都不是,故不選B、C、D。
[方法3] 研究備選項本身。A中的“secret”一詞最吸引眼球,也最具概括力。故選A。 綜合多種思路,選A。 1.挑戰(zhàn)_____________
2.處理____________________
3.集中于____________ 4.培養(yǎng)才能______________________
5.使發(fā)生;引起_________________ 6.colleague____________
challenge handle(=deal with)
focus on develop one’s talents
bring about 同事 復記強化 7.irresponsibility____________ 8.opportunity____________
9.so-and-so____________ 10.break down____________
11.for lack of___________________
12.be all about____________________ 13.have power over ____________ 無責任感 機遇 某某人 發(fā)生故障 控制;支配 因沒有;因缺乏 把……當作重點
文章的標題是段落中心思想最精煉的表達形式,其特點是: (1)概括性:短小精悍,言簡意賅,多為一個名詞性短語。 (2)針對性:既能覆蓋全文,范圍又大小合適。 (3)醒目性:能吸引人的眼球,能引起閱讀欲望。 以下三招可幫助我們提高解題速度和增加準確性。
選擇文章標題有三招 1.用略讀法 跟解答主旨大意題相同,主要是略讀,即重點理解首尾段和各段的首尾句,迅速找出主題句,或根據(jù)文章內容自己歸納主旨要義,然后與各標題對照,看哪個選項與文章主旨大意相符。 2.用寫作法 先不看文章,瀏覽著各備選項,逐一設想,如果我用這個標題來寫文章會寫些什么內容呢,并構思結構框架,然后快速瀏覽全文,對照自己原有設想,一一排除不符者。
3.研究備選項 研究備選項里面的中心詞、各選項的修飾語及彼此差異、分析概括范圍等。看是否以偏概全,是否只是某個細節(jié)等。逐一排除不符者。 實際解題過程中,是綜合以上三種方法的。
1. According to the passage, winners ________.
A. deal with problems rather than blame others B. meet with fewer difficulties in their lives C. have responsible and able colleagues
D. blame themselves rather than others 即學即用 A 解析:A
歸納結論題。由第一段中的 “once you form the habit of blaming somebody or something else for a bad situation, you are a loser”可知“贏家不應責備別人”,由第一段中的 “focusing on how to remedy the situation”和第二段首句Winners are great at overcoming problems可知,“贏家是解決問題”,第二段的舉例中有更明顯的話 “find ways of dealing with…rather than…”,故選A。
2. The underlined word remedy in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to __________. A. avoid
B.
accept
C. improve
D. consider
解析:C 詞義猜測題。由上文“因a bad situation來責備某人或某事是失敗者”,而“改變 the situation是不可能的”,“然而你可以remedy the situation”,根據(jù)這三句的邏輯關系不難推出,remedy應是“改善”之意。
C 3. When your colleague brings about a problem, you should_________. A. find a better way to handle the problem B. blame him for his lack of responsibility C. tell him to find the cause of the problem D. ask a more able colleague for help 解析:A
細節(jié)理解題。由第二段第四句if your colleague causes you problems… find ways of dealing with…可知。
A 4. When problems occur, winners take them as _____. A. excuses for their failures
B. barriers to greater power C. challenges to their colleagues
D. chances for self-development 解析:D 細節(jié)理解題。由第三段第三句They are just better at seeing those problems as challenges and opportunities to develop their own talents可知。
D 5. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A. A Winner’s Secret.
B. A Winner’s Problem. C. A Winner’s Opportunity.
D. A Winner’s Achievement. 解析:A
本題要求考生選出正確的標題。 A [方法1] 正面肯定法。第一段最后一句說,“這”(贏家碰到問題不是責怪別人,而是設法補救)就是贏家成功的秘密。第二、第三段第一句分別是這兩段的主題句,說贏家擅長于“克服問題”,把問題當作挑戰(zhàn)和機遇。文章中盡管多次出現(xiàn)“problem”一詞,但只是說贏家怎樣對待“問題”而成功,故選A。
[方法2]反面否定法。如果以“A Winner’s Problem ”為標題寫文章,那么全文應主要涉及贏家會遇到哪些“問題”,諸如社會的、心理的、專業(yè)的、身體的問題等。如果以“A Winner’s Opportunity”為題做文章,則應著墨于“機遇”對成功的影響,即文章需著重論述贏家與“機遇”的關系。如果以“A Winner’s Achievement”為題著文,則文中應該談及贏家的“成就”。然而都不是,故不選B、C、D。
[方法3] 研究備選項本身。A中的“secret”一詞最吸引眼球,也最具概括力。故選A。 綜合多種思路,選A。 1.挑戰(zhàn)_____________
2.處理____________________
3.集中于____________ 4.培養(yǎng)才能______________________
5.使發(fā)生;引起_________________ 6.colleague____________
challenge handle(=deal with)
focus on develop one’s talents
bring about 同事 復記強化 7.irresponsibility____________ 8.opportunity____________
9.so-and-so____________ 10.break down____________
11.for lack of___________________
12.be all about____________________ 13.have power over ____________ 無責任感 機遇 某某人 發(fā)生故障 控制;支配 因沒有;因缺乏 把……當作重點