【解析】1.B　2.D　由wide modern roads和well maintained可知第1題選B，第2題選D。 (3)因果同現(xiàn) 【例】“Hooray！” shouted the crowd.It was the loudest ________ I had ever heard at a meeting.The first-place runner was two laps ahead of me when she crossed the finishing line. A．cheer B．shout C．cry D．noise 【解析】A　由Hooray，runner和finishing line 可知選A。 (4)結(jié)構(gòu)同現(xiàn) 【例】Sometimes he would invite a student to a game of chess.________，he would join student groups to discuss a variety of subjects: agriculture，diving，mathematics. A．As a matter of fact　

　　B．Later on C．Other times　

　　D．In general 【解析】C　由前文中sometimes可知選C。 (5)同義同現(xiàn) 【例】If a student has problems with classroom work，the student should either ________ a professor during office hours or make an appointment. A．greet B．a(chǎn)ttach C．a(chǎn)pproach D．a(chǎn)nnoy 【解析】C　由后文中make an appointment可知選C。 12. 根據(jù)邏輯推理解題 (即根據(jù)上文信息推理和根據(jù)下文信息推理) 根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系來(lái)推斷正確答案，邏輯關(guān)系包括因果關(guān)系、對(duì)比關(guān)系、并列關(guān)系、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系、讓步關(guān)系、遞進(jìn)關(guān)系、條件與結(jié)果的關(guān)系等。從幾年來(lái)的東高考完形填空題來(lái)看，最多的是利用因果關(guān)系來(lái)推斷正確答案。 請(qǐng)運(yùn)用邏輯推斷，解答以下試題，并指出正確選項(xiàng)是根據(jù)什么邏輯關(guān)系推斷出來(lái)的。

　　(1)根據(jù)上文信息推理 【例1】On April 12,1888，Alfred's brother Ludwig died of heart attack.A major French newspaper mistook his brother for him and…“Dr.Alfred Nobel，who became rich by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever before，died yesterday.” Nobel was ________ to find out not that he had died，but that，when his time was up，he would be thought of only as one who profited from death and destruction. A．upset B．a(chǎn)nxious C．excitedD．pleased 【解析】A　前面講報(bào)道中的兩件事：一是報(bào)社誤以為諾貝爾的兄弟就是他，并且死了，二是說(shuō)他是靠發(fā)現(xiàn)更快的殺人方式發(fā)財(cái)。根據(jù)生活常識(shí)，作為諾貝爾本人，看到這篇報(bào)道，不可能感到“渴望(anxious)”“興奮(excited)”或“高興(pleased)”，而應(yīng)當(dāng)是“不高興(upset)”，故選A。本句大意：諾貝爾感到不快，不是因?yàn)閳?bào)社誤解他死了，而是在他死后被認(rèn)為是一個(gè)靠制造死亡和毀滅而賺錢的人。 【例2】It was then feared that the fairies had come and stolen the baby away and replaced the human baby with a fairy Changeling.There were many ways to prevent this from happening: hanging a knife over the baby's head while he slept or covering him with some of his father's clothes were just two of the recommended methods.However，hope was not lost even if the baby had been________. A．missed B．stolen C．found D．lost

　　【解析】B　空格前兩句說(shuō)人們害怕仙女來(lái)偷小孩(stolen the baby away)及其阻止此事發(fā)生的方法，所以空格句應(yīng)是“即使小孩被偷走了，也還是有希望的”，故選B。

　　(2)根據(jù)下文信息推理 【例1】Not all of these fairies are the friendly，people-loving characters that appear in Disney films，and in some folktales they are ________ and cause much human suffering. A．powerful B．cruel C．frightened D．extraordinary

　　【解析】B　根據(jù)空格后面的信息“and cause much human suffering(會(huì)造成人類的痛苦)”可以推斷出，“在某些民間故事中，仙女是殘酷的”，故選B (cruel)。 【例2】To make sure that he was __26__ with love and respect，Nobel arranged in his __27__ to give the largest part of his money to establish the Nobel prizes，which would be awarded to people who made great contributions to the causes of peace，literature，and the sciences.So basically，Nobel had to die before he realized what his life was really about.

　　26．A.repaid B．described C．supported D．remembered 27．A.book B．a(chǎn)rticle C．will D．contract 【解析】26.D　由空格后面的信息“諾貝爾在遺囑中安排捐出他的錢來(lái)設(shè)立諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)……”可以推出，其目的是為了讓自己被別人愛(ài)戴與尊敬地“紀(jì)念，銘記(remembered)”他，而不是“報(bào)答(repaid)”“描述(described)”“支持(supported)”他，從而改變當(dāng)時(shí)人們對(duì)他的看法，故選D。

　　27．C　由最后一句中的die這一關(guān)鍵詞可以得到啟示，設(shè)立諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)應(yīng)是在他的“遺囑(will)”中作的安排，故選C。

　　眾所周知，完形填空是考查考生利用上下文語(yǔ)境邏輯推斷空格處未知信息的試題，因此利用正向推斷法、逆向推斷法和正向逆向聯(lián)合推斷法可以巧妙解答完形填空題。 【例1】(2024廣東)One man left and the other stayed, but they did not __9__ the bird. The crow stayed away until the second man left, too. The experiment was __10__ with three men and then with four men. But the crow did not return to the nest until all the men were __11__. It was not until five men went into the tower and only four left that they were __12__ able to fool the crow. 9．A. foolB. hurt

　　C. catch

　　D. kill

　　【解析】9.A　由but可知，他們并沒(méi)能“欺騙”那只烏鴉。與下文fool the crow中的fool是原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，也就是說(shuō)從此可以得到啟示。故選A。 【例2】All of a sudden I started to feel rather __1__.She wondered why I was looking for this sort of __2__.I felt even more helpless when she told me that it would be difficult to get a job without experience. 1．A.encouraged B．dissatisfied C．helpless　

　　D．pleased 2．A.place B．job C．a(chǎn)dvice D．help

　　【解析】1.C　2.B　由后文中helpless和job可知第1題選C，第2題選B。

　　(2)同義詞、近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。同義詞、近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)是借助意思相同或相近的表達(dá)方式，或解釋性的語(yǔ)言使上下文的語(yǔ)義得以連接起來(lái)。

　　【例1】There were many ways to prevent this from happening：hanging a knife over the baby's head while he slept or covering him with some of his father's clothes were just two of the recommended ________. A．cases B．tools C．steps D．methods

　　【解析】D　前句說(shuō)“避免這類的事發(fā)生有許多方法(ways)”，冒號(hào)后的解釋，“在小孩睡覺(jué)時(shí)在其頭上懸掛一把刀，或者用其父親的褲子蓋著他，就是其中值得推薦的兩種________”，承前邏輯，自然是其中的兩種“方法”，與ways同義的是methods，故選D。 【例2】That is what a hobby means, I guess. It is something we like to do in our spare time simply for the________of it. The value in dollars is not important; we do it for the pleasure it gives us. A．benefitB．good C．fun D．interest 【解析】C　由后文的pleasure可知此處應(yīng)該填fun。故選C。

　　(3)反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。語(yǔ)意的連貫有時(shí)是通過(guò)對(duì)比結(jié)構(gòu)而采用反義復(fù)現(xiàn)的手段，或者是以反義的方式對(duì)前文加以解釋，考生可以從反義的角度判斷正確的選項(xiàng)。

　　【例】Forcing yourself to recall almost never helps because it doesn't ________ your money；it only tightens it. A．loosen B．weaken C．decrease D．reduce 【解析】由文中doesn't 和tightens可知答案選A。

　　(4)同源詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。對(duì)于上下文語(yǔ)義復(fù)現(xiàn)的表達(dá)，還可借助復(fù)現(xiàn)信息的同源詞或同根詞。如： 【例1】Many are concerned that gifted children become bored and lose interest in learning.However，this ________ is more often from parents and teachers than from students… A．concern B．conclusion C．reflection D．interest

　　【解析】A　因concern (n.擔(dān)心)與上文的concerned (adj.擔(dān)心的)是同源詞復(fù)現(xiàn)或同根詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。故選A。 【例2】Many teachers believe that the responsibilities for learning lie with the students.If a long reading assignment is given，the instructors expect students to be familiar with the information in the reading…When research is ________，the professor expects the student to take it actively and to complete it with minimum guidance. A．collected B．a(chǎn)ssigned C．distributed D．finished

　　【解析】B　由前文中reading assignment 可知選B。

　　(5)上下義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。上義詞具有概括的作用。在篇章中，有時(shí)為了表達(dá)的需要，作者會(huì)先概述，再分述。概述時(shí)用的為上義詞，分述則用比較具體的下義詞，兩者為總分關(guān)系。如： 【例1】However，this concern is more often from parents and teachers than from students，and some of these ________ simply conclude that special classes should be set up for those who are talented. A．students B．a(chǎn)dults C．scholars D．teachers

　　【解析】B　因adults是上文parents and teachers的上義詞，即這是上下義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。故選B。

　　【例2】Other times，he would join student groups to discuss a variety of ________：agriculture，diving and mathematics. A．questions B．subjects C．matters D．contents 【解析】B　由后文的agriculture，diving和mathematics可知答案選B。 9. 注意習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)，熟記常見(jiàn)句型 答題時(shí)可以通過(guò)分析習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)、固定搭配等搭配關(guān)系和句子結(jié)構(gòu)，進(jìn)行有效的推理判斷，從而選出正確選項(xiàng)。因此，同學(xué)們平時(shí)要有意識(shí)地識(shí)記一些常用的習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)、固定搭配，學(xué)會(huì)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)。不僅要記憶這些搭配，還要學(xué)會(huì)靈活運(yùn)用，準(zhǔn)確判斷。對(duì)常見(jiàn)句型的掌握也很重要。有些句型在經(jīng)過(guò)反復(fù)使用后，會(huì)形成一定的積極的思維定勢(shì)，這對(duì)確定題目答案很有幫助。 【例】(2024天津卷) It was then ______ I started to appreciate the tough choices she had to make on balancing family and work. A. when B. where C. which D. that 【解析】D　句意為：正是那時(shí)起“我”才開(kāi)始理解她要在家庭和工作之間平衡，做出決定有多艱難。此句強(qiáng)調(diào)句，對(duì)句子的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)then進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)，句式為：It is/was＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋that…。故選D項(xiàng)。 高考完形填空所選文章都堪稱精品，其邏輯必是上下貫通，無(wú)懈可擊，其結(jié)構(gòu)也必是自然有序，脈絡(luò)清晰。因此，做完一篇完形填空以后，考生心里對(duì)文章的線索、脈絡(luò)以及主旨、寓意等也應(yīng)該有一種很“明朗”的感覺(jué)；如果做完以后，還是似懂非懂，猶如“霧里看花”，那就證明對(duì)文章的理解還有問(wèn)題，還要復(fù)讀全文，驗(yàn)證答案。

　　考生可以從文章的內(nèi)在邏輯入手，看所選答案是否經(jīng)得起推敲，是否能自然融入整個(gè)語(yǔ)篇，如果有游離于文章主旨之外或與整篇的邏輯相矛盾的答案，就需要重新理解、修正。

　　10. 根據(jù)并列關(guān)系解題 并列，就是指由and或or連接的并列成分(因果關(guān)系、類屬關(guān)系、同類關(guān)系、相對(duì)關(guān)系等)

　　(1)因果關(guān)系 【例】These tell the story of a mother whose baby grows ___ and pale and has changed so much that it is almost unrecognizable to the parents. A．sickB．slim C．shortD．small 【解析】A　選項(xiàng)中只有sick才與pale有相關(guān)性(因果關(guān)系)，即因?yàn)椤吧　保阅樕艜?huì)“蒼白”，故選A。 (2)同類關(guān)系 【例】Edgar Allan Poe，whose life was short and seemingly unhappy，wrote stories and poems of mystery and ________，insanity(瘋狂) and death. A．happiness B．science C．society D．terror

　　【解析】D　因?yàn)橹挥衪error(恐怖)才與mystery(神秘)、insanity(瘋狂)和death(死亡)是表示同類意義的名詞，而不可能是與“happiness(幸福)”“science(科學(xué))”或“society(社會(huì))”并列，故選D。

　　(3)類屬關(guān)系 【例】Edgar Allan Poe is also remembered as the father of modern detective fiction，stories of an investigator who has to solve murders and other______. A．a(chǎn)ccidents B．crimes C．events D．incidents

　　【解析】B　因?yàn)椤癿urder(兇殺)”是各種“crimes(犯罪)”行為中的一種，所以與“murder(兇殺)”并列應(yīng)是“其他各種犯罪行為”，故選B。

　　(4)相對(duì)關(guān)系 【例】When Christ was born nearly two thousand years ago，many people，rich and ________，gave him presents. A．ill B．healthy C．poor D．tall 【解析】C　因?yàn)橛删湟饪芍瑧?yīng)當(dāng)是指“耶穌出生時(shí)，許多人，無(wú)論貧富，都給他禮物”，故選擇與rich相對(duì)意義的poor，即選C。

　　11. 根據(jù)找同現(xiàn)情形解題 同現(xiàn)指意義上相互聯(lián)系的單詞同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在同一句話或同一語(yǔ)篇中，以確保語(yǔ)篇的和諧性、得體性。由于單詞意義的差別、所使用的語(yǔ)境不同，因此所使用的上下文也各有差異。 (1)場(chǎng)所同現(xiàn) 【例】On ________ days，she wore heavy clothes and a pair of woolen gloves. A．sunnyB．rainy C．cloudyD．snowy 【解析】D　由heavy clothes和woolen gloves可知選D。 (2)修飾同現(xiàn) 【例】Although these wide modern roads are generally __1__ and well maintained，with little sharp curves and many straight __2__，a direct route is not always the most enjoyable one. 1．A.stable B．smooth C．splendid D．complicated 2．A.selections B．separations C．series D．sections

　　【解析】41.A　根據(jù)文章首句“通常來(lái)說(shuō)，當(dāng)各種活動(dòng)變成常規(guī)的時(shí)候都會(huì)讓你覺(jué)得厭倦。”可知，這是一個(gè)原則、規(guī)律，我們可以在各個(gè)年齡段的人們身上發(fā)現(xiàn)這樣一個(gè)規(guī)律，故選A。 3. 根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境，合理推斷來(lái)解題 【例1】(2024新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)When parents bring home a pet, their child__48__bathes it and brushes its fur. Within a short time, however, the__49__of caring for the animal is handed over to the parents. Adolescents enter high school with great__50__but are soon looking forward to__51__. The same is true of the young adults going to college. And then, how many__52__， who now complain (抱怨) about the long drives to work，__53__drove for hours at a time when they first__54__their driver's licenses (執(zhí)照)?

　　52．A.children B．students C．a(chǎn)dults D．retirees 【解析】52.C　在前幾句里敘述了小孩子、上高中的青年和上大學(xué)的年輕人的情況之后，本句開(kāi)始講述成年人的情況。根據(jù)下文提到的開(kāi)車上班也可知此處說(shuō)的是已經(jīng)工作的成年人。故選C。

　　【例2】(2024新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)We were asked to “__37__a disability” for several hours one Sunday. Some members，__38__， chose to use wheelchairs. Others wore sound-blocking earplugs (耳塞) or blindfolds (眼罩)．

　　Just sitting in the wheelchair was a__39__experience. I had never considered before how__40__it would be to use one. As soon as I sat down，my__41__made the chair begin to roll. Its wheels were not__42__.

　　38. A．instead B．strangely C．a(chǎn)s usual D．like me 【解析】38.D　前面提到每個(gè)人都需要選擇一個(gè)項(xiàng)目，有些人選擇了輪椅，有些人選擇了耳塞或眼罩。從下文可知，我也是選擇了輪椅。故選D。 4. 利用語(yǔ)篇標(biāo)志解題 常見(jiàn)語(yǔ)篇標(biāo)志詞語(yǔ)：①結(jié)構(gòu)層次：firstly，secondly，thirdly；②邏輯關(guān)系：thus，therefore，so；③遞進(jìn)關(guān)系： besides，what's more，further; ④轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系：but，while，however，on the other hand等。抓住語(yǔ)篇標(biāo)志有利于理清文章的網(wǎng)絡(luò)及上下文的聯(lián)系。因此在學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中要善于總結(jié)積累，注意分類學(xué)習(xí)。

　　【例】She told the front-desk clerk she had had a(n) ______ vacation，but was heart-broken about losing several rolls of Kodak color film she had not yet developed. A．disappointing B．wonderful C．uncomfortable D．important

　　【解析】B　由but和heart-broken可知選B。

　　因此，我們要善于找出(“三找”):

　　一找：邏輯關(guān)系(轉(zhuǎn)折、讓步、解釋、對(duì)立、因果、并列、總分、遞進(jìn)) 二找：NOT(在原文中找not) 三找：AND(在原文中找and)

　　5．利用文化背景知識(shí)和生活常識(shí)答題 考生在做題時(shí)，若能積極地調(diào)動(dòng)自己的文化背景知識(shí)和生活常識(shí)，巧妙地加以運(yùn)用，特別是注意中西文化的差異，將會(huì)大大簡(jiǎn)化復(fù)雜的分析與判斷過(guò)程，節(jié)省寶貴的時(shí)間，順利地按照作者的思路閱讀下去。 【例1】(2024陜西卷)Dad didn't come home as early as much as he used to, Mum and I became __33__ with him for placing our family in trouble. 33．A.satisfied B．delighted C．mad D．Strict 【解析】33.C　考查常識(shí)。 父親讓家人陷入到困境中，作者和母親的正常反應(yīng)應(yīng)該是生氣。be mad with意為“對(duì)……很生氣”，符合語(yǔ)境。 【例2】(2024新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)For example, on Christmas morning, children are excited about__43__with their new toys.

　　43．A.working B．living C．playing D．going 【解析】43.C　由常識(shí)可知，孩子們?cè)谑フQ節(jié)早上會(huì)收到禮物，因此他們是在圣誕節(jié)早上玩玩具。故選C。 【例3】…the girl was able to lead her birds to run across the grass, but she could not teach them to ________. A．fly B．race C．swim D．sing 【解析】A　根據(jù)常識(shí)，人類可以race，swim 或sing，但是不會(huì)直接像鳥(niǎo)一樣振翅飛翔，因此小女孩不能教給鳥(niǎo)兒“飛翔”，故答案為A。 6. 利用慣用法和固定搭配解題 所謂前后搭配(動(dòng)詞與介詞的搭配、動(dòng)詞與其賓語(yǔ)的搭配、句式結(jié)構(gòu)上的搭配和習(xí)語(yǔ)搭配等)。在解答完形填空時(shí)，充分考慮這些搭配關(guān)系，有助于我們作出正確選擇。 (1)動(dòng)介搭配 根據(jù)動(dòng)詞與其后介詞的搭配關(guān)系來(lái)選擇一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膭?dòng)詞。 【例】(2024廣東)On April 12,1888，Alfred's brother Ludwig died of heart attack.A major French newspaper ______ his brother for him and... A．foundB．misunderstood C．mistook D．judged 【解析】C　能與“X for Y”搭配的在四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有選項(xiàng)C，mistake X for Y意為“誤以為X是Y”，故選C。 (2)動(dòng)賓搭配 根據(jù)動(dòng)詞與其賓語(yǔ)是否可以搭配、在意義上是否符合邏輯或常識(shí)來(lái)確定選用哪個(gè)動(dòng)詞。 【例1】 Nobel arranged in his will to give the largest part of his money to ________ the Nobel prizes，which would be awarded to people who… A．establish B．form C．develop D．promote

　　【解析】A　在不定式短語(yǔ)中，賓語(yǔ)是“諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)”，動(dòng)詞該用哪一個(gè)？設(shè)立？形成？發(fā)展？促進(jìn)？根據(jù)常識(shí)，能與“獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)”搭配的，在這四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有“設(shè)立”，故選A。

　　【例2】They couldn't read or write.They didn't like to work and they never ________ baths. A．took B．washed C．ran D．Covered 【解析】A　本題考查的是固定搭配，take a bath意為“洗澡”。

　　(3)句式搭配 根據(jù)句式或句型的搭配來(lái)確定填哪一個(gè)詞。 【例3】 The book tells us of useful skills such as how to put what you have learned into pictures of your mind to ________ your memory better. A．make B．turn C．let D．change

　　【解析】A　在四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，能接“賓語(yǔ)＋形容詞作賓補(bǔ)”的只有選A，make your memory better意為“使你的記憶力變得更好”，故選A。

　　(4)習(xí)語(yǔ)搭配 根據(jù)習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)的固定搭配來(lái)確定正確選項(xiàng)。

　　【例1】 Intellectual property (IP) (知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)) is a product of the mind that has commercial value.The concept ________ back to 1623 when the first patent law to protect IP rights was passed. A．holds B．dates C．sets D．Turns 【解析】 B　date back to是慣用短語(yǔ)，意為“追溯到”，故選B。

　　值得注意的是，解題時(shí)，不能一看到搭配就選答案，這樣往往容易出錯(cuò)。因?yàn)橛袝r(shí)單獨(dú)看空格前后或單獨(dú)看空格所在句，除正確答選項(xiàng)外，其他選項(xiàng)也可能與其前后構(gòu)成搭配，這時(shí)，還需要根據(jù)上下文的意思和邏輯，同時(shí)也需要結(jié)合生活常識(shí)才能定奪。 【例2】 Nobel arranged in his will to give the largest part of his money to establish the Nobel prizes，which would be awarded to people who made great ________ to the causes of peace，literature，and the sciences. A．a(chǎn)dditions B．sacrifices C．changes D．contributions 【解析】D　四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都可構(gòu)成習(xí)語(yǔ)搭配： make additions to“給……增加”；make sacrifices to“對(duì)……做出犧牲”；make changes to“對(duì)……作修改”；make contributions to“對(duì)……作貢獻(xiàn)”。但根據(jù)句意和常識(shí)，獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)應(yīng)當(dāng)獎(jiǎng)給那些為和平、文學(xué)和科學(xué)“作出貢獻(xiàn)”的人，故選D。