2024高考英語閱讀理解解析版匯編（5）

　　閱讀理解訓(xùn)練

　　(2024·安徽)

　　There are an extremely large number of ants worldwide.Each individual (個(gè)體的) ant hardly weighs anything，but put together they weigh roughly the same as all of mankind.They also live nearly everywhere，except on frozen mountain tops and around the poles.For animals their size，ants have been astonishingly successful，largely due to their wonderful social behavior.

　　In colonies (群體) that range in size from a few hundred to tens of millions，they organize their lives with a clear division of labor.Even more amazing is how they achieve this level of organization.Where we use sound and sight to communicate，ants depend primarily on pheromones (外激素)，chemicals sent out by individuals and smelled or tasted by fellow members of their colony.When an ant finds food，it produces a pheromone that will lead others straight to where the food is.When an individual ant comes under attack or is dying，it sends out an alarm pheromone to warn the colony to prepare for a conflict as a defense unit.

　　In fact，when it comes to the art of war，ants have no equal.They are completely fearless and will readily take_on a creature much larger than themselves，attacking in large groups and overcoming their target.Such is their devotion to the common good of the colony that not only soldier ants but also worker ants will sacrifice their lives to help defeat an enemy.

　　Behaving in this selfless and devoted manner，these little creatures have survived on Earth for more than 140 million years，far longer than dinosaurs.Because they think as one，they have a collective (集體的) intelligence greater than you would expect from its individual parts.

　　文章大意：文章主要講的是螞蟻。單個(gè)的螞蟻顯得微不足道，但成群結(jié)隊(duì)的螞蟻卻蘊(yùn)含著巨大的力量。螞蟻的數(shù)量之眾，加起來可以與人類的重量相媲美。螞蟻分布極為廣泛，除了寒冷的山頂和兩極地區(qū)，幾乎到處都有它們的蹤影。

　　12．We can learn from the passage that ants are ________.

　　A．not willing to share food

　　B．not found around the poles

　　C．more successful than all other animals

　　D．too many to achieve any level of organization

　　答案：B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“They also live nearly everywhere，except on frozen mountain tops and around the poles.”可知答案，結(jié)冰的山頂和兩極沒有螞蟻。

　　13．Ants can use pheromones for ________.

　　A．escape B．communication

　　C．warning enemies D．a(chǎn)rranging labor

　　答案：B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Where we use sound and sight to communicate，ants depend primarily on pheromones(外激素)”可知，我們使用聲音和視覺來交流，而螞蟻卻使用外激素。

　　14．What does the underlined expression “take on” in Paragraph 3 mean?

　　A．Accept. B．Employ.

　　C．Play with. D．Fight against.

　　答案：D　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)“attacking in large groups and overcoming their target”可知，這里指與比自己大的敵人戰(zhàn)斗。

　　15．Which of the following contributes most to the survival of ants?

　　A．Their behavior. B．Their size.

　　C．Their number. D．Their weight.

　　答案：A　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“l(fā)argely due to their wonderful social behavior”和最后一段“Behaving in this selfless and devoted manner，...they think as one，they have a collective(集體的)intelligence greater”可知，螞蟻之所以能夠存活下來，是因?yàn)樗鼈兊纳鐣?huì)行為。

　　(2024·江西省上饒市三模)

　　When Abraham Lincoln was young, he worked in a store. One day a woman came into the store and bought some things. They added up to two dollars and six and a quarter cents.

　　The bill was paid, and the woman was entirely satisfied. But the young storekeeper, not feeling quite sure as to the accuracy of his calculations, added up the things again. To his surprise he found that it should have been but two dollars.

　　“ I've made her pay six and a quarter cents more, ”said Abe, disturbed.

　　It was an unimportant thing, and many clerks would have forgotten it, but Abe was too conscientious for that.

　　“ The money must be paid back, ”he decided.

　　At night, he closed the store, and walked to the home of his customer. He explained the matter, paid over the six and a quarter cents, and returned satisfied.

　　Here is another story of young Lincoln's strict honesty. A woman entered the store and asked for half a pound of tea. The young clerk weighed it out. This was the last sale of the day.

　　The next morning, when beginning his duties, Abe discovered a four-ounce weight on the scales. It flashed upon him at once that he had used this in the sale of the previous night, and so, of course, given his customers short weight. I am afraid that there are many country merchants who would not have been much worried by this discovery. But Abe weighed out the balance of the half pound, shut up the store, and carried it to the defrauded customer. I think my young readers will begin to see that the name so often given, in later times to President Lincoln, of “Honest Old Abe, ”was well deserved. A man who begins by strict honesty in his youth is not likely to change as he grows older, and mercantile honesty is some guarantee of political honesty.

　　文章大意：本文是小故事。文章主要講述了亞伯拉罕·林肯小時(shí)候的誠實(shí)守信的故事。

　　1．We know from the text that Abe ________.

　　A．charged less for the woman

　　B．tricked the woman on purpose

　　C．was careful and responsible

　　D．was confident of his calculations

　　答案：C　推理判斷題。charged less for the woman少收那位婦女的錢；tricked the woman on purpose故意糊弄了那位婦女；was careful and responsible認(rèn)真而且有責(zé)任心；was confident of his calculations對他的計(jì)算很有信心。根據(jù)文章中敘述的兩個(gè)故事以及文中的最后一段推斷選C。

　　2．From the underlined sentence, we can see that the author ________.

　　A．speak highly of Abraham Lincoln

　　B．learns how to succeed in the political field

　　C．comes to understand the importance of honesty

　　D．hopes to give readers some personal suggestions

　　答案：A　推理判斷題。speak highly of Abraham Lincoln高度贊揚(yáng)林肯； learns how to succeed in the political field學(xué)會(huì)了如何在政治領(lǐng)域成功；comes to understand the importance of honesty漸漸理解了誠實(shí)的重要性；hopes to give readers some personal suggestions希望給讀者提出自己的建議。通讀全文，根據(jù)該畫線句前的I think my young readers will begin to see that the name so often given, in later times to President Lincoln, of “Honest Old Abe, ”was well deserved可推斷作者是對林肯行為的高度贊揚(yáng)。故選A。

　　3．What does the author mainly intend to tell us?

　　A．Better late than never.

　　B．Honesty is the best policy.

　　C．A good name is better than gold.

　　D．Where there is a will there is a way.

　　答案：B　推理判斷題。Better late than never再晚不嫌遲； Honesty is the best policy誠實(shí)是最好的策略； A good name is better than gold好名聲比金子更重要； Where there is a will there is a way有志者事竟成。根據(jù)文章敘述的兩個(gè)故事和最后一段作者對林肯行為的高度贊揚(yáng)，作者應(yīng)該是想告訴我們：誠實(shí)是最好的策略。故選B。

　　閱讀理解訓(xùn)練

　　(2024·河北省普高質(zhì)監(jiān))

　　Martha Graham, born in 1894, was one of the most famous dancers and creators of dance, whose influence on dance has been compared with the influence Picasso had on the modern visual arts, Stravinsky had on music, or Frank Lloyd Wright had on architecture. She created almost two hundred dance pieces. She is often called the Mother of Modern Dance.

　　Earlier in her life, however, Martha did not know that she would become a dancer. At that time, the dancers were looked down on. So Martha's parents didn't approve of her desire to dance at the beginning. Until 1916, she began her studies at the newly created Denishawn School of Dancing and Related Arts, founded by Ruth St. Denis and Ted Shawn, where Graham worked very hard to improve her ability to dance because she was considered too old to begin dancing.

　　In 1936, Graham made her defining work, “Chronicle”， which signaled the beginning of a new era in modern dance. The dance brought serious issues to the stage for the general public in a dramatic manner. Influenced by the Wall Street Crash of 1929, the Great Depression that followed, and the Spanish Civil War, it focused on depression and isolation, reflected in the dark nature of both the set and costumes.

　　Graham continued to dance past the age of seventy. Once again, she was met with criticism from people who came to watch her shows. But she didn't give up. Her last completed ballet was 1990's Maple Leaf Rag. “A Dancer's World” is an introduction to Graham and her work. She tells about her dances and her dance group shows some of their methods.

　　Martha Graham received many awards during her lifetime, including the Presidential Medal of Freedom in nineteen seventy-six. She was the first dancer to receive the country's highest civilian

　　honor. She died in 1991 at the age of ninety-six. In 1998, Time magazine listed her as the “Dancer of the Century” and as one of the most important people of the twentieth century.

　　文章大意：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了現(xiàn)代舞之母瑪莎·格蘭姆的故事和她所取得的成就。

　　4．Some famous artists mentioned in Paragraph 1 show Martha Graham________.

　　A．was influenced greatly by them

　　B．kept in touch with them regularly

　　C．had a great effect on modern dance

　　D．liked to make more friends with them

　　答案：C　推理判斷題。第一段中將瑪莎·格蘭姆的影響和其他的一些偉大的人物相比，暗示她的影響也非常大，故最佳答案為C。

　　5．Why didn't Martha's parents approve of her desire to dance at first?

　　A．She was too old to learn American dance.

　　B．American dance was seen as a lower art form.

　　C．There was no academic school to teach dancing.

　　D．Her family was too poor to afford her tuition.

　　答案：B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的第二句At that time, the dancers were looked down on舞蹈家在那時(shí)是被看不起的，暗示舞蹈在當(dāng)時(shí)是一種地位較低的藝術(shù)形式，故最佳答案為B。

　　6．When Martha Graham continued to dance in her 70s, she________.

　　A．was warmly welcomed by the youth

　　B．a(chǎn)chieved huge success once again

　　C．received many awards for her age

　　D．was attacked by people

　　答案：D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的第一、二句 Graham continued to dance past the age of seventy. Once again, she was met with criticism from people who came to watch her shows. 知她70歲演出時(shí)，她受到了一些人的批評(píng)，可知她受到了一些人的攻擊，故最佳答案為D。

　　7．The text is mainly about________.

　　A．the background of modern dance in America

　　B．the development of modern dance in America

　　C．Martha Graham and her achievements in dance

　　D．the awards Martha Graham won in her life

　　答案：C　主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容，是按時(shí)間順序敘述了現(xiàn)代舞之母瑪莎·格蘭姆的一生以及她在舞蹈方面的成就，故最佳答案為C。

　　閱讀理解訓(xùn)練

　　(2024·青島市一模)

　　What are American high schools like? Well, I'm happy to tell you what I know.

　　When I started school here, it had already been a week since the school opened. At this school, freshmen usually go on a trip for about three days at the beginning of school. Unfortunately I missed that wonderful trip, which would have been the best time to get to know my classmates. I was really sad. I wished I'd known about it earlier.

　　Despite the disappointment, however, I gradually adapted to my new life and school.

　　There is a space in the basement of the teaching building where students chat and meet each other. As we do not always have the same classrooms and classmates, the school wants us to get to know each other there. Students usually come to school early, sit in that space and have fun. Around the space, there are many lockers for students to leave their books in, so that students do not have to carry a heavy schoolbag everywhere.

　　It really surprises me that we have almost no textbooks. We only have textbooks for World History and Algebra 2 and they are big and heavy, like bricks. For other classes, we only need binders (活頁夾) with paper in them. Without textbooks, students learn things freely and actively. For example, my humanities teacher just teaches us what is in her mind at the time. We never know what we will learn.

　　Another difference between American schools and Chinese schools is that American schools care about students' morality more than their academic studies. For example, if you do not finish your homework, you will just be asked to do it later, but if you cheat or lie, you will get a warning or even be kicked out.

　　I think that most students here are good at schoolwork as well, but compared to Chinese students, they can make learning a more joyful experience. I think we should take the good points from our two different kinds of education to perfect our approach to studying.

　　文章大意：本文是說明文。主要介紹了美國的高中學(xué)校是什么樣子的。

　　1．What was the writer sad for?

　　A．He was late for school.

　　B．He missed the trip at the beginning of school.

　　C．He didn't know anyone.

　　D．American students looked down upon him.

　　答案：B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段Unfortunately I missed that wonderful trip, which would have been the best time to get to know my classmates. I was really sad可知是作者錯(cuò)過了那次旅行而悲傷。故選B。

　　．Why do students go to the basement of the teaching building?

　　A．To attend class. B．To share a classroom.

　　C．To have fun. D．To meet teachers.

　　答案：C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段Students usually come to school early, sit in that space and have fun可知學(xué)生們?nèi)ツ亲虒W(xué)樓為了快樂。故選C。

　　．How do teachers in the US teach the students?

　　A．However they want to.

　　B．They use bricks.

　　C．Some use textbooks; some teach freely.

　　D．They always teach as required.

　　答案：C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段We only have textbooks for World History and Algebra 2 and they are big and heavy, like bricks. For other classes, we only need binders (活頁夾) with paper in them. Without textbooks, students learn things freely and actively. For example, my humanities teacher just teaches us what is in her mind at the time可知美國的老師們有的使用課本，有的不使用課本。故選C。

　　．According to the passage, in American high schools, ______.

　　A．you are likely to be kicked out if you cheat

　　B．you'll be punished if you do not finish your homework

　　C．students are better at school work than Chinese students

　　D．students care much about the grades they get