Unit 1　Women of achievement

　　葉詩文，1996年3月1日出生于浙江省杭州市，2010年以來在各重大游泳賽事中表現優異，成為中國泳壇首位“大滿貫(Grand Slam)”得主，成為新一代的中國游泳領軍人物。“葉詩文是怎樣煉成的？”近期某網站就此現象對網民做了一次調查，結果見下表。請根據下面表格中的文字內容寫一篇短文，短文內容須包括表中提供的所有信息。

　　成功的關鍵 1. 聰明有天賦，愛動腦筋，糾正錯誤及時

　　2. 摯愛且自律，認真訓練從不缺席，保質保量完成訓練任務

　　3. 要強不服輸，心理素質好，從容面對失敗，不放棄

　　你能向她

　　學點什么？ 　(不少于兩點)

　　　精彩美文　

　　Born in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province on March 1st, 1996，Ye Shiwen, has been performing amazingly in different important swimming matches, being China's first Grand Slam swimming champion. Her great success has aroused national concern on the Internet.

　　There are factors contributing to her achievements. To begin with, Ye Shiwen has a gift for swimming and is ready to think over her techniques, making it possible that she can correct her mistakes timely. Additionally, Ye has been interested in swimming, so she takes every practice seriously and completes it with quality and quantity guaranteed, never being absent. Moreover, Ye has such good psychological quality that she can cope with every detail well, especially when faced with failure.

　　Personally, she has set a good example to us students and we can learn a lot from her. Not only her perseverance and persistence but also her diligence and optimism are all what we can benefit from.

　　　名師點睛　

　　1．文章體裁：說明文。

　　2．行文邏輯：介紹內容→個人看法。

　　3．詞匯短語：運用了較高級的詞匯和短語。如：contribute to(是……的原因)，to begin with(首先)，have a gift for(有……的天賦)，cope with(處理，對待)，personally(以我之見)，set a good example to(為……樹立好榜樣)等。

　　4．句式句法：運用了多樣化的句式結構。如：①非謂語動詞短語作狀語：making it possible that she can correct her mistakes timely；never being absent；②狀語從句：especially when faced with failure；③并列句：Not only her perseverance and persistence but also her diligence…；④定語從句：what we can benefit from等。

　　Ⅰ.單詞薈萃

　　1．________ n．成就；功績→________v．達到；完成；實現

　　2．________ n．專家；專業工作者→________adj.特殊的；專門的→________vi.專攻；專門從事

　　3．________n．連接；關系→________v．連接

　　4．________n．組織；機構；團體→________vt.組織；籌備；成立；使有條理

　　5．________vt.& vi.舉動；表現→________n．行為；舉止

　　6．________vt.觀察；觀測；遵守→________n．觀察；觀測

　　7．________vt.& n．尊敬；尊重；敬意→________adj.值得尊敬的；正派的；體面的→________adj.有禮貌的；恭敬的

　　8．________vt.& vi.討論；爭論；辯論→________n．爭論；辯論→________adj.引起爭論的

　　9．________n．人群；觀眾 vt.擠滿；使擁擠→________adj.擁擠的

　　10．________vt.鼓舞；激發；啟示→________adj.受到鼓舞的；有靈感的→________adj.鼓舞人的→________n．鼓舞；靈感

　　11．________n．& vt.支持，擁護→________n．支持者，擁護者

　　12．________ vi.談到；查閱，參考→________n．提及，涉及；參考，查閱；引文；參考書目；證明書；推薦信

　　13．________vt.計劃，打算→________n．打算，目的，意圖

　　14．________ adj.考慮周到的→________v．考慮；認為→________n．考慮；體諒→________prep.考慮到

　　15．________vt.遞送；生(小孩兒)；接生；發表(演說等)→________n．投遞；交貨；分娩

　　Ⅱ.短語檢測

　　1．把……奉獻給　_____________________

　　2．人類

　　_____________________

　　3．離開，起程，出發

　　_____________________

　　4．(想法、問題等)涌上心頭，涌入腦海

　　_____________________

　　5．蔑視，瞧不起

　　_____________________

　　6．查閱，參考；談到

　　_____________________

　　7．碰巧，湊巧

　　_____________________

　　8．偶遇，碰見

　　_____________________

　　9．繼續，堅持

　　_____________________

　　10．為……而戰

　　_____________________

　　Ⅲ.佳句再現

　　1．Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months __________________ to begin her project.

　　她的母親頭幾個月來幫她的忙，這才使她得以開始自己的計劃。

　　2．①Suddenly ______________ how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time.

　　突然我想起在那個年代，一個女子去學醫是多么困難啊。

　　②________________ she had been very busy in her chosen career, travelling abroad to study as well as writing books and articles.

　　她似乎一直都在為自己選擇的事業而奔忙，去國外留學、寫書和文章。

　　3．Once I stop, it all comes ______________ and I remember the chimps in laboratories.

　　我一旦停下來，所有的一切都會涌上心頭，我就會想起實驗室里的黑猩猩。

　　4．①______________________a family of chimps wake up is our first activity of the day.

　　我們當天第一件要做的事是觀察黑猩猩一家是如何醒來的。

　　②This means ____________________the place where we left the family sleeping in a tree the night before.

　　這意味著我們要返回前一天晚上我們離開黑猩猩一家睡覺的大樹旁。

　　③She spent years ________________their daily activities.

　　她花了多年的時間觀察和記錄它們的日常活動。

　　5．Further reading made me realize that __________hard work and determination as well as her gentle nature________ got her into medical school.

　　進一步閱讀使我了解到，是苦干、決心和善良的天性使她走進了醫學院的大門。

　　Ⅳ.課文回顧

　　Jane Goodall was born in London, England, on April 3，1934. Since childhood, she was attracted by animals and animal stories. In 1957, the 23-year-old Goodall went to Kenya to work as a secretary. She also arranged to meet the famous 1.________(special) Louis Leakey, who hired her as his assistant. She went with him on many trips to the African jungle and in 1960, Leakey sent Goodall 2.________(observe) chimpanzees in a remote animal preserve, recording the animals' 3.________ (behave).

　　She woke up in the morning and went back to the place 4.________ she left the family 5.________ (sleep) in a tree the night before. She waited in the shade of the trees 6.________the family began to wake up and moved off. She spent her years 7.________ (observe) the chimps and tried to make people aware that it is wrong to use chimps for 8.________ (entertain) and advertisements. She helped to set up special places where chimps could live 9.________ (safe) in the wild. What she did set a good example to others 10.________ (achieve) their goals.

　　　單詞點睛　

　　1 behave　vt.& vi.(to act or function in a particular or usual way)舉動；(舉止或行為)表現

　　(1)behave oneself　使舉止規矩些

　　behave well/badly

　　舉止良好/糟糕

　　(2)well-behaved

　　表現好的

　　badly-behaved

　　表現差的

　　(3)behaviour [U]

　　舉止，行為

　　【活學活用】

　　(1)[2024·江蘇卷·閱讀D] People believing in freedom are those who behave within the laws and value systems.

　　信仰自由的人是那些行為以法律和價值觀為準則的人。

　　(2)Much to my surprise, he behaved as if nothing had happened.In general，I was quite pleased with his ________．

　　使我非常吃驚的是，他表現得好像什么事也沒發生過。總的來說，我對他的表現非常滿意。

　　(3)They might have been polite to you if you ________________a gentleman just now.

　　如果你剛才表現得像個紳士，他們或許對你就有禮貌了。

　　(4)The children ________ badly, the teacher kept them after school.

　　孩子們表現得不好，所以放學后老師把他們留了下來。

　　2 observe　vt. (to watch sb/sth carefully)觀察，觀測；(to obey rules, laws, etc.)遵守；(to see or notice sb/sth)看到，注意到；(to celebrate festivals, birthdays, etc.)慶祝

　　(1)observe sb do sth觀察/看到某人做某事(全過程)

　　observe sb doing sth

　　觀察/看到某人正在做某事

　　observe that…

　　發現，觀察……

　　(2)observation n.

　　觀察；觀察力；觀測

　　be under observation

　　受到監視

　　【巧學助記】

　　[溫馨提示] observe后跟不帶to的不定式或v.-ing形式作補語，即observe sb do/doing sth，不能說observe sb to do sth，但在被動語態中，必須帶to。如：He observed someone open the door.→Someone is observed to open the door.

　　【活學活用】

　　(1)[2024·江蘇卷·閱讀A] Always observe district fire bans. Be careful if you smoke or have an outdoor fire or barbecue—make sure ashes are cold before leaving.

　　始終遵守地區防火禁令。如果你吸煙或者進行室外用火或燒烤的話，一定要小心，確保灰燼冷卻之后再離開。

　　(2)Then he returned to the town hall, and the clerk observed him attentively ________(examine) a road map of France which was hung in his study.

　　隨后，他回到市政廳，一位職員看見他正細心地研究掛在他書房里的一張法國公路圖。

　　(3)Taking a few steps to the side, our camera crew finds itself being observed (＝________)．

　　往邊上走了幾步，我們攝制組發現自己正在受到監視。

　　(4)By closely ________ the actions of animals, scientists may be able to predict earthquakes.

　　通過密切觀察動物的行為，科學家們就有可能預測地震。

　　3 argue　vi.& vt.(to speak angrily to sb because you disagree with them)爭論，辯論，爭吵；證明，表明

　　(1)argue with sb on/about/over sth 　與某人爭論/辯論某事

　　argue against/for

　　為反對/贊成……而辯論

　　argue sb into/out of doing sth

　　說服某人做/不做某事

　　(2)argument n.

　　爭論，辯論，爭吵

　　get into an argument with sb

　　和某人爭論起來

　　【易混辨析】

　　argue, quarrel與discuss

　　(1)argue “爭論，辯論”，指舉出理由或事實來與對方爭辯，有企圖說服對方的含義。

　　(2)quarrel “爭吵，吵架，爭辯”，側重用口角的方式爭執。

　　(3)discuss “討論”，指為了解決問題或弄清對方的觀點而交換意見。

　　【活學活用】

　　(1)[2024·陜西卷·閱讀D] But he argued that this did not prove parental involvement was the root cause of that success.

　　但他認為，這并不能證明父母的參與是成功的根本原因。

　　(2)[2024·安徽卷·閱讀D] Thus, I would argue __________copying previous architectural styles and choose something fresh and different.

　　因此，我反對抄襲以前的建筑風格，而會選擇一些新鮮的、不同的。

　　(3)They are arguing ________their classmates about the solution to the problem.

　　他們正在就這個問題的解決方法和同學們爭論。

　　(4)We tried many ways to argue him __________accepting our advice, but in vain.

　　我們想盡各種辦法勸說他接受我們的建議，但都是徒然。(5)It's no use ______________ the question with him for he won't change his mind.

　　拿這個問題和他爭論是沒有用的，因為他不會改變主意。

　　4 support　vt.& n．(to give help)支持，擁護；贍養

　　(1)support sb/a family　支持某人/贍養家庭

　　support on

　　靠……支持/撐

　　support (sb) against

　　支持(某人)反對

　　(2)in support of sb/sth

　　支持/支援某人/某物

　　come to sb's support

　　援助某人

　　【活學活用】

　　(1)[2024·全國卷Ⅱ·閱讀C] It is not surprising that more and more students are taking a gap year to earn money to support their study for the degree.

　　越來越多的學生用“間隔年”的時間來賺錢，以支持自己的學位學習，這一點不足為奇。

　　(2)I support him ________ those who are finding fault with him.

　　我支持他反對那些專挑他毛病的人。

　　(3)After graduating from college, she decided to support herself __________ her musical talents.

　　大學畢業后，她決定依靠自己的音樂才能養活自己。

　　(4)He even made some experiments ____________ his views.

　　為了證明他的看法正確，他甚至進行了一些實驗。

　　(5)Just then a white-haired old woman entered, ______________ by a girl.

　　這時候，一個女孩攙著一位白發蒼蒼的老太太走了進來。

　　5 refer(referred，referring)vt.& vi.(to make mention or reference)談到；查閱；參考

　　(1)refer to　提到；參考，查閱；與……相關

　　refer…to…

　　把……提交給……

　　refer to…as…

　　把……稱作……

　　refer sb/sth to sb/sth

　　將……送交給……(以求獲得幫助等)

　　(2)reference n.

　　提及， 涉及；參考， 參考書目

　　[溫馨提示] refer to中的to為介詞，后接名詞、代詞或動名詞等作賓語。

　　【活學活用】

　　(1)[2024·天津卷·閱讀A] If, one week from the date of written notice, the pet is not removed, the student is referred to the Student Court.

　　自書面通知之日起一周內，如果寵物不被帶離，這名學生就交由學生法庭處理。

　　(2)[2024·四川卷·閱讀D] This typical sleep pattern is usually referred to ________ the “night owl” schedule of sleep.

　　這種典型的睡眠模式通常被稱作“貓頭鷹”型睡眠模式。

　　(3)The members ________ the question ________ the committee, as they were unable to reach a decision.

　　成員們把這個問題交給委員會處理，因為他們自己無法達成共識。

　　(4)Read these notes carefully and keep them for future ________.

　　仔細閱讀這些注釋并將其保留下來以備將來參考。