答案：will；keep　本題考查部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：唯有找到內(nèi)心的寧?kù)o，方能維持人際關(guān)系的和諧。“only＋副詞/介詞短語(yǔ)/狀語(yǔ)從句”置于句首時(shí)，句子(主句)要用部分倒裝語(yǔ)序。本題中，時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句when you can find peace in your heart被only修飾，且置于句首，故主句用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。注意：如果only修飾的不是狀語(yǔ)而是主語(yǔ)，則不能用倒裝。如：Only he was invited.只有他受到了邀請(qǐng)。 答案：where　本題考查定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞的選擇。句意：學(xué)生們應(yīng)該積極參與社團(tuán)活動(dòng)，在這些活動(dòng)中他們可以獲得成長(zhǎng)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句的先行詞是community activities，將其移到后面的定語(yǔ)從句中為：they can gain experience for growth in community activities由此可知關(guān)系詞代替先行詞在后面的定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，故用where引導(dǎo)。 4．Having got the support from her family, Mary ________ ________ ________(全身心投入到) her career. 5．只有當(dāng)你對(duì)未來(lái)充滿(mǎn)信心時(shí)，你才會(huì)竭盡全力去克服你所面臨的困難。(only＋狀語(yǔ)從句) ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ try your best to overcome the difficulty you face. 6．我第一次見(jiàn)到他，就不得不為他的敬業(yè)精神所震撼。 ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________， I was shocked with his ________ ________ ________ ________. 7．以我之見(jiàn)，即使你失業(yè)也不要灰心。 ________ ________ ________， never________ ________ even if you are ________ ________ ________. 8．他不僅為人大方，樂(lè)于助人，還積極參加許多課外活動(dòng)。(部分倒裝句) Not only ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________， but he also ________ ________ ________ ________ ________after-class activities. 9．如果你陷入困境，請(qǐng)隨時(shí)向我求助。 If ________ ________ ________ ________， please ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ at any time.

　　10．事實(shí)上，是你的勤奮在你的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中起到了關(guān)鍵的作用。(強(qiáng)調(diào)句) ________ ________ ________ ________ ________， ________ ________ your diligence that ________ ________ ________ ________ in your English study.

　　答案：1.came to power; a great number of　2.set up a law office; offer guidance　3.those who help me in trouble　4.devoted herself to　5.Only when you are confident of your future will you 6．The first time I saw him; devotion to his career　7.In my opinion; lose heart; out of work　8.is he generous and willing to help others; takes an active part in　9.you are in trouble; turn to me for help　10.As a matter of fact; it is; plays an important role

　　5．As matter of fact, social customs vary in different parts of the world.__________________ 6．That football team had won no games and it lost its heart.__________________ 7．Don't be worried，because there is nothing to worry.__________________ 8．Madame Curie, devoting to

　　science, was

　　a great woman.__________________ 9．There are many cards for you to choose.__________________ 10．It worried the public was that Phelps should take drugs.__________________ 答案：1.worrying→worried　2.escaped后加上from　3.sentenced后加上to　4.fighting后加上against　5.As后加上a　6.去掉its　7.worry后加上about　8.devoting→devoted 9．choose后加上from　10.It→What 答案： Nelson Mandela was born near Transkei in South Africa in 1918. For almost 50 years, he devoted himself to fighting for black people and helping them get equal rights. As a black lawyer, he set up his law office to help those black people in trouble, and offered guidance to those out of work on their legal problems. In 1962, he was sentenced to five years' hard labour for encouraging violence against anti-black laws. Only then did they decide to answer violence with violence.

　　He founded the ANC Youth League and blew up some government buildings. As a matter of fact, they didn't want to turn to violence, but they couldn't make black and white people equal in a peaceful way. In 1993 Mandela won the Nobel Peace Prize and became President of South Africa a year later. 4．equal adj. 相等的；平等的；能勝任的　vt. 比得上；抵得上　n. 同等之人或物 歸納拓展 (1)be equal to 與……相等；能勝任；能應(yīng)付 A equals B in... A在……方面比得上B without equal 無(wú)比；無(wú)敵 on equal terms with sb. 與某人處于平等地位 (2)equally adv. 同樣(程度)地；平均地 equality n. 同等；平等

　　③He ________ ________ in strength, but not in intelligence. 他體力與我匹敵，但智力無(wú)法與我匹敵。 答案：①equal that of a surprising end　②be equally respected

　　③equals me

　　5．opinion n. 意見(jiàn)；看法；主張 歸納拓展 in sb.'s opinion/in the opinion of sb. 在某人看來(lái)；根據(jù)某人的意見(jiàn) give one's opinion about 發(fā)表看法 have a good/high/bad/low/poor opinion of＝think well/highly/much/badly/little of 對(duì)……評(píng)價(jià)高/低 ③The teacher ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________. 老師對(duì)他評(píng)價(jià)很高。 ④Would you please ________ ________ ________ ________ the local government? 請(qǐng)你發(fā)表對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)卣捶ǎ脝幔?答案：①ask for your parents' opinion　②In my opinion ③has a good opinion of him　④give your opinion about 1.out of work 失業(yè) 歸納拓展 out of sight 看不見(jiàn) out of mind 心不在焉 out of debt 不欠債；還清債務(wù) out of date 過(guò)時(shí)；過(guò)期 out of danger 脫離危險(xiǎn)

　　out of order 壞了 out of shape 變形 out of question 毫無(wú)疑問(wèn) out of the question 不可能

　　③Rest now was ________ ________ ________ ________(不可能)． ④I asked about the movie star ________ ________ ________(出于好奇)． 答案：①out of work　②out of date　③out of the question　④out of curiosity 2．in trouble 在困境中 歸納拓展 ask for trouble 自尋煩惱；自討苦吃 make trouble 搗亂；制造麻煩 get (sb.) into trouble(使某人)陷入困境 make/cause trouble for sb. 給某人惹麻煩 have some/no trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事有(沒(méi)有)困難 take the trouble to do sth. 不辭辛苦做某事 ③The last thing I want to do is to ________ ________ ________ ________. 我最不想給他惹麻煩。 ④As everyone in the town knows him quite well, we ________ ________ ________in finding his address. 因?yàn)殒?zhèn)上所有人都知道他，我們毫不費(fèi)力找到了他的住址。 答案：①asking for trouble　②making trouble; in trouble　③make trouble for him　④have no/little trouble 3．turn to (向他人)求助；轉(zhuǎn)向；變成 歸納拓展 turn to sb. for help 向某人求助 turn on 打開(kāi) turn off 關(guān)閉 turn up (把聲音)調(diào)大；出現(xiàn) turn down (把聲音)調(diào)小；拒絕 turn over 翻轉(zhuǎn)；移交 turn in 上交，交出

　　turn out 結(jié)果是；生產(chǎn) turn against 背叛 turn away 走開(kāi) turn into 變成，變?yōu)?/p>

　　4．lose heart喪失勇氣或信心 歸納拓展 lose one's heart to 傾心于；愛(ài)上 learn... by heart 背誦；牢記 put one's heart into 專(zhuān)心于 heart and soul 全心全意地 1.... only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. 直到那個(gè)時(shí)候，我們才決定用暴力反抗暴力。 “only＋狀語(yǔ)(即副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句)”位于句首時(shí)，句子要采用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。 歸納拓展 以下幾種情況句子要用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)： (1)表否定意義的詞語(yǔ)，如never, hardly, little, rarely, scarcely, seldom, not, no, not only, at no time, under no circumstances等位于句首時(shí)； (2)以so, neither/nor開(kāi)頭的句子，表示前面所述情況適合于另一個(gè)人或物，句子要用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。so表達(dá)肯定意義，neither/nor表達(dá)否定意義； (3)句型so/such ... that ...中的so/such ...部分位于句首時(shí)。 ③If you don't go, nor ________ ________(我也不去)． ④So ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________(北京有這么多名勝) that you can't visit them all in a single day. 答案：①will you be allowed in　②is the teacher himself interested in football　③will/shall I　④many places of interest does Beijing offer

　　2．The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all. 過(guò)去的三十年來(lái)所出現(xiàn)的大量法律剝奪了我們的權(quán)利，阻擋我們的進(jìn)步，一直到今天，我們還處在幾乎什么權(quán)利都沒(méi)有的階段。 該句中的主語(yǔ)the last thirty years為無(wú)生命事物，這是一種擬人的修辭手法。

　　歸納拓展 在英語(yǔ)中，常將表示時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)或事物等的名詞作主語(yǔ)，將本應(yīng)為人發(fā)出的動(dòng)作see, find, witness等作謂語(yǔ)，表示某時(shí)，某地或某物“經(jīng)歷、發(fā)生、見(jiàn)證、目睹”了某事。這種句式突出強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間或事物，增強(qiáng)了語(yǔ)言的生動(dòng)活潑性。

　　答案：①saw/witnessed the founding of the People's Republic of China　②have seen great changes　③found people singing and dancing 3．Until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all. 一直到今天，我們還處在幾乎沒(méi)有任何權(quán)利的階段。 歸納拓展 當(dāng)先行詞是stage，case，point，position，situation等含有地點(diǎn)含義的抽象名詞，且定語(yǔ)從句中缺少狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用where/in which等引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。 答案：①我們到了必須做出變化的階段了。 ②這使我陷入了一種不能接受此工作的境地。 基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)鞏固 Unit 5　Nelson Mandela —a modern hero 必修一 第一部分　基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)聚焦 考點(diǎn)探究演練 2 基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)鞏固 3 課時(shí)規(guī)范訓(xùn)練 4 基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)晨記 1 基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)晨記 Ⅰ.單詞速記 A．快速識(shí)記 1．________ n．質(zhì)量；品質(zhì)；性質(zhì) 2．________ vi.逃脫；逃走；泄露 3．________ n．意見(jiàn)；看法；主張 4．________ n．& vt.進(jìn)攻；攻擊；抨擊 5．________ vt.酬勞；獎(jiǎng)賞 n．報(bào)酬；獎(jiǎng)金 6．________ vi.乞求；請(qǐng)求→________ n．乞丐 7．________ n．律師→________ n．法律；法規(guī)；法學(xué) 8．________ vt.建立；建設(shè)→________ n．建立者；創(chuàng)始人 quality escape opinion attack reward beg beggar lawyer law found founder 9．_______ n．殘忍；殘酷→______ adj.殘酷的；殘忍的 10．________ n．暴力；暴行→________ adj.暴力的；猛烈的 11．________ adj.和平的；平靜的；安寧的→________ n．和平；和睦；平靜 12．________ adj.法律的；合法的→(反義詞)________ adj.違法的；不合法的 13．________ adj.積極的；活躍的→________ adv.積極地→__________ n．積極性 cruelty cruel violence violent peaceful peace legal illegal active actively activeness 14．________ v．投票；選舉 n．投票；選票；表決→________ n．選民；選舉人 15．________ adj.自私的→___________ n．自私→________adj.無(wú)私的→___________ n．無(wú)私 16．________ adj.平等的；相等的→________ n．平等→(反義詞)________ n．不平等 17．________ adj.慷慨的；大方的→________ n．慷慨；大方→(反義詞)________ adj.吝嗇的 18．________ adj.不公平的；不公正的→________ n．不公平→(反義詞)________ adj.公平的 vote voter selfish selfishness selfless selflessness equal equality inequality generous generosity mean unfair unfairness fair

　　19．________ vt.獻(xiàn)身；專(zhuān)心于(與to連用)→________ adj.忠實(shí)的；深?lèi)?ài)的→________ n．獻(xiàn)身；忠誠(chéng) 20．________ vt.教育→________ adj.受過(guò)教育的；有教養(yǎng)的→(反義詞)__________ adj.無(wú)知的；未受過(guò)教育的→________ n．教育→________ n．教育家 devote devoted devotion educate educated uneducated education educator B．歸類(lèi)巧記 1．表示“人物特點(diǎn)”的形容詞全掃描 ①generous 慷慨的 ②energetic

　　有活力的 ③intelligent

　　聰明的 ④ambitious

　　有雄心壯志的 ⑤confident

　　有信心的 ⑥creative

　　富有創(chuàng)造力的 ⑦devoted

　　有獻(xiàn)身精神的 ⑧enthusiastic

　　充滿(mǎn)熱情的 ⑨warm-hearted

　　熱心腸的 ⑩active

　　積極的；活躍的 2．quality相關(guān)詞一覽 ①qualify vt.

　　使合格 ②qualification n.

　　資格 ③quantity n.

　　數(shù)量 3．后綴-ance高頻名詞全接觸 ①guidance

　　指導(dǎo)；領(lǐng)導(dǎo) ②importance

　　重要；重要性 ③ignorance

　　無(wú)知；愚昧 ④significance

　　意義；重要性 ⑤appearance

　　出現(xiàn) ⑥tolerance

　　寬容；容忍 ⑦elegance

　　優(yōu)美；高雅 Ⅱ.高頻短語(yǔ) 1．喪失勇氣或信心 ________ 2．處于麻煩中 ________ 3．擔(dān)心 ________ 4．失業(yè) ________ 5．事實(shí)上 ________ 6．使充氣；使爆炸 ________ 7．把……投進(jìn)監(jiān)獄 ________ 8．當(dāng)權(quán) ________ 9．設(shè)立；建立 ________ 10．實(shí)現(xiàn)某人……的夢(mèng)想 ________ lose heart in trouble worry about out of work as a matter of fact blow up put ...into prison come into power set up realize one's dream of 11．在……中活躍 ________ 12．致力于 ________ 13．以和平的方式 ________ 14．對(duì)……抱有希望 ________ 15．愿意…… ________ 16．求助于 ________ 17．積極參與 ________ 18．被判處…… ________ 19．能勝任 ________ 20．投票支持 ________ be active in be devoted to in a peaceful way feel/be hopeful about/of... be willing to... turn to take an active part in be sentenced to... be equal to vote for Ⅲ.佳句填空 1．He _____ _____ _____ his time, for ______ I was grateful. 他十分慷慨地給予我時(shí)間，我為此非常感激。 2．I worried about ________ I would become out of work. 我擔(dān)心我會(huì)不會(huì)失業(yè)。 3．The last thirty years ________(see)the greatest number of laws ________(stop) our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage ________ we have almost no rights at all. 過(guò)去的三十年來(lái)所出現(xiàn)的大量法律剝奪了我們的權(quán)利，阻擋我們的進(jìn)步，一直到今天，我們還處在幾乎什么權(quán)利都沒(méi)有的階段。 4．Only then ________ we decide to answer violence ________ violence. 只有到了這個(gè)時(shí)候，我們才決定用暴力反抗暴力。 5．I did not work again for twenty years ________ Mr.Mandela and the ANC ________ ________ ________ in 1994. 在曼德拉先生和非洲國(guó)民大會(huì)于1994年掌政之前，我有20年沒(méi)有工作。

　　答案：1.was generous with; which　2.whether　3.have seen; stopping; where　4.did; with　5.until; came into power Ⅳ.語(yǔ)法過(guò)關(guān) 定語(yǔ)從句(Ⅱ) 1．Xiamen is regarded as a city ________ traditional culture is well combined with a modern lifestyle. 答案：where　考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意為：廈門(mén)被認(rèn)為是一個(gè)傳統(tǒng)文化和現(xiàn)代生活方式完美結(jié)合的城市。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞a city，并在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，所以用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)該定語(yǔ)從句。 2．They stood on the top of the high building, from ________ they could see the whole city. 答案：where　考查定語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)句意可知，從那個(gè)高樓的頂部能看見(jiàn)整個(gè)城市，此處from where相當(dāng)于from on the top of the high building。 3．He met Rachel at her college graduation ceremony in 2008，________ he was later to marry. 答案：whom　考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意為：他是在2008年Rachel的大學(xué)畢業(yè)典禮上認(rèn)識(shí)她的，后來(lái)娶她為妻。分析句子成分可知，空處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。先行詞為Rachel，在從句中作marry的賓語(yǔ)，故用whom引導(dǎo)。 4．The band was very successful in the seventies, most of ________ members were in their twenties. 答案：whose　考查定語(yǔ)從句。分析句子成分可知，空處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，在從句中作定語(yǔ)，故用whose。 5．In moments when you're feeling down，read what you wrote previously，________ will help uplift your spirits. 答案：which　考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意為：當(dāng)你情緒低落的時(shí)候，讀一讀你先前寫(xiě)下的東西，這會(huì)幫助你情緒高昂。which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，指代前面整個(gè)句子的內(nèi)容。 Ⅴ.語(yǔ)篇填空 My name is Elias. I am ①________ poor black worker in South Africa. The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life. I was twelve years old. It was in 1952 and Mandela was the black lawyer to ②________ I went for advice. He offered ③________(guide) to poor black people on their legal problems. He was generous with his time, for which I was grateful. I needed his help ④________ I had very little education. I began school at six. The school ⑤________ I studied for only two years was three kilometres away. I had to leave because my family could not continue to pay the school fees ⑥________ the bus fare. I could not read or write well. ⑦_(dá)_______ trying hard, I got a job in a gold mine. However, this was a time when one had got to have a passbook ⑧________(live) in Johannesburg. Sadly I did not have ⑨________ because I was not born there, and I worried about whether I ⑩________(become) out of work. 答案：①a　②whom　③guidance　④because　⑤where　⑥and　⑦After　⑧to live　⑨one　⑩would become 考點(diǎn)探究演練 1.devote vt. 獻(xiàn)身于；致力于 歸納拓展 (1)devote ... to ... 把……獻(xiàn)給……

　　be devoted to ... 致力于……；專(zhuān)心于……

　　(2)devoted adj. 深?lèi)?ài)的；忠實(shí)的 devotion n. 奉獻(xiàn)；忠誠(chéng) 溫馨提示： 含介詞to的短語(yǔ)： be/get used/accustomed to習(xí)慣于 lead to 導(dǎo)致 pay attention to 注意 object to 反對(duì) be opposed to 反對(duì) look forward to 期望 get down to 開(kāi)始認(rèn)真做 stick to 堅(jiān)持 (2)句型轉(zhuǎn)換。 She devoted herself to practicing for ten years and became one of the world's best long-distance swimmers. ①____________________(改為現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作原因狀語(yǔ)) ②____________________(改為過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作原因狀語(yǔ)) 答案：(1)①setting　②preparing　③being caught　④was devoted (2)①Devoting herself to practicing for ten years, she became one of the world's best long-distance swimmers. ②Devoted to practicing for ten years, she became one of the world's best long-distance swimmers. 2．reward n. 報(bào)酬；獎(jiǎng)賞；回報(bào)　vt. 報(bào)答；獎(jiǎng)勵(lì) 歸納拓展 (1)reward sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事而報(bào)答某人 reward sb. with sth. 用……犒賞某人 (2)as a reward for 作為回饋/酬謝/獎(jiǎng)賞 ask no reward 不計(jì)報(bào)酬 give/offer/pay/put up a reward to sb. for sth. 因某事而給某人報(bào)酬 earn/enjoy/get/obtain/receive reward for sth. 因某事而得到報(bào)答或報(bào)酬 in reward (for) 作為(對(duì)……的)報(bào)答 辨析　award/reward 詞語(yǔ) 名詞含義 動(dòng)詞含義 award 獎(jiǎng)品，獎(jiǎng)金，與prize用法相似 意為“授予、頒發(fā)”，常用搭配：award sb. sth.＝award sth. to sb. reward 報(bào)酬、獎(jiǎng)金或一些非金錢(qián)類(lèi)的報(bào)酬 多指因?qū)Ψ降墓ぷ鳌⒎?wù)、幫助而給予的報(bào)酬或獎(jiǎng)賞，常用搭配：reward sb. for (doing) sth. ③Youyou Tu ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ for discovering artemisinin and dihydroartemisinin, making her one of the greatest women in the world. 因?yàn)榘l(fā)現(xiàn)青蒿素，屠呦呦被授予諾貝爾醫(yī)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)，她成為了世界上的偉大女性之一。 答案：①as a reward for his service　②a reward of $500　③was rewarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine 3．escape n. & vi. 逃脫；逃走；泄露　vt. 逃脫 歸納拓展 (1)escape from 從……逃離 escape doing sth. 逃避做某事 escape one's notice/memory 逃過(guò)某人的注意/被某人遺忘 (2)have a narrow escape＝narrowly escape from being killed 九死一生；幸免于難 make one's escape from 逃離；逃脫

　　③Last year I ________ ________ ________ ________， and I don't want to risk my life a second time. 去年我死里逃生，我不想再冒險(xiǎn)。 答案：①escapes being caught　②escape being punished(＝punishment)　③had a narrow escape

　　答案：will；keep　本題考查部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：唯有找到內(nèi)心的寧?kù)o，方能維持人際關(guān)系的和諧。“only＋副詞/介詞短語(yǔ)/狀語(yǔ)從句”置于句首時(shí)，句子(主句)要用部分倒裝語(yǔ)序。本題中，時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句when you can find peace in your heart被only修飾，且置于句首，故主句用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。注意：如果only修飾的不是狀語(yǔ)而是主語(yǔ)，則不能用倒裝。如：Only he was invited.只有他受到了邀請(qǐng)。 答案：where　本題考查定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞的選擇。句意：學(xué)生們應(yīng)該積極參與社團(tuán)活動(dòng)，在這些活動(dòng)中他們可以獲得成長(zhǎng)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句的先行詞是community activities，將其移到后面的定語(yǔ)從句中為：they can gain experience for growth in community activities由此可知關(guān)系詞代替先行詞在后面的定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，故用where引導(dǎo)。 4．Having got the support from her family, Mary ________ ________ ________(全身心投入到) her career. 5．只有當(dāng)你對(duì)未來(lái)充滿(mǎn)信心時(shí)，你才會(huì)竭盡全力去克服你所面臨的困難。(only＋狀語(yǔ)從句) ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ try your best to overcome the difficulty you face. 6．我第一次見(jiàn)到他，就不得不為他的敬業(yè)精神所震撼。 ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________， I was shocked with his ________ ________ ________ ________. 7．以我之見(jiàn)，即使你失業(yè)也不要灰心。 ________ ________ ________， never________ ________ even if you are ________ ________ ________. 8．他不僅為人大方，樂(lè)于助人，還積極參加許多課外活動(dòng)。(部分倒裝句) Not only ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________， but he also ________ ________ ________ ________ ________after-class activities. 9．如果你陷入困境，請(qǐng)隨時(shí)向我求助。 If ________ ________ ________ ________， please ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ at any time.

　　10．事實(shí)上，是你的勤奮在你的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中起到了關(guān)鍵的作用。(強(qiáng)調(diào)句) ________ ________ ________ ________ ________， ________ ________ your diligence that ________ ________ ________ ________ in your English study.

　　答案：1.came to power; a great number of　2.set up a law office; offer guidance　3.those who help me in trouble　4.devoted herself to　5.Only when you are confident of your future will you 6．The first time I saw him; devotion to his career　7.In my opinion; lose heart; out of work　8.is he generous and willing to help others; takes an active part in　9.you are in trouble; turn to me for help　10.As a matter of fact; it is; plays an important role

　　5．As matter of fact, social customs vary in different parts of the world.__________________ 6．That football team had won no games and it lost its heart.__________________ 7．Don't be worried，because there is nothing to worry.__________________ 8．Madame Curie, devoting to

　　science, was

　　a great woman.__________________ 9．There are many cards for you to choose.__________________ 10．It worried the public was that Phelps should take drugs.__________________ 答案：1.worrying→worried　2.escaped后加上from　3.sentenced后加上to　4.fighting后加上against　5.As后加上a　6.去掉its　7.worry后加上about　8.devoting→devoted 9．choose后加上from　10.It→What 答案： Nelson Mandela was born near Transkei in South Africa in 1918. For almost 50 years, he devoted himself to fighting for black people and helping them get equal rights. As a black lawyer, he set up his law office to help those black people in trouble, and offered guidance to those out of work on their legal problems. In 1962, he was sentenced to five years' hard labour for encouraging violence against anti-black laws. Only then did they decide to answer violence with violence.

　　He founded the ANC Youth League and blew up some government buildings. As a matter of fact, they didn't want to turn to violence, but they couldn't make black and white people equal in a peaceful way. In 1993 Mandela won the Nobel Peace Prize and became President of South Africa a year later. 4．equal adj. 相等的；平等的；能勝任的　vt. 比得上；抵得上　n. 同等之人或物 歸納拓展 (1)be equal to 與……相等；能勝任；能應(yīng)付 A equals B in... A在……方面比得上B without equal 無(wú)比；無(wú)敵 on equal terms with sb. 與某人處于平等地位 (2)equally adv. 同樣(程度)地；平均地 equality n. 同等；平等

　　③He ________ ________ in strength, but not in intelligence. 他體力與我匹敵，但智力無(wú)法與我匹敵。 答案：①equal that of a surprising end　②be equally respected

　　③equals me

　　5．opinion n. 意見(jiàn)；看法；主張 歸納拓展 in sb.'s opinion/in the opinion of sb. 在某人看來(lái)；根據(jù)某人的意見(jiàn) give one's opinion about 發(fā)表看法 have a good/high/bad/low/poor opinion of＝think well/highly/much/badly/little of 對(duì)……評(píng)價(jià)高/低 ③The teacher ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________. 老師對(duì)他評(píng)價(jià)很高。 ④Would you please ________ ________ ________ ________ the local government? 請(qǐng)你發(fā)表對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)卣捶ǎ脝幔?答案：①ask for your parents' opinion　②In my opinion ③has a good opinion of him　④give your opinion about 1.out of work 失業(yè) 歸納拓展 out of sight 看不見(jiàn) out of mind 心不在焉 out of debt 不欠債；還清債務(wù) out of date 過(guò)時(shí)；過(guò)期 out of danger 脫離危險(xiǎn)

　　out of order 壞了 out of shape 變形 out of question 毫無(wú)疑問(wèn) out of the question 不可能

　　③Rest now was ________ ________ ________ ________(不可能)． ④I asked about the movie star ________ ________ ________(出于好奇)． 答案：①out of work　②out of date　③out of the question　④out of curiosity 2．in trouble 在困境中 歸納拓展 ask for trouble 自尋煩惱；自討苦吃 make trouble 搗亂；制造麻煩 get (sb.) into trouble(使某人)陷入困境 make/cause trouble for sb. 給某人惹麻煩 have some/no trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事有(沒(méi)有)困難 take the trouble to do sth. 不辭辛苦做某事 ③The last thing I want to do is to ________ ________ ________ ________. 我最不想給他惹麻煩。 ④As everyone in the town knows him quite well, we ________ ________ ________in finding his address. 因?yàn)殒?zhèn)上所有人都知道他，我們毫不費(fèi)力找到了他的住址。 答案：①asking for trouble　②making trouble; in trouble　③make trouble for him　④have no/little trouble 3．turn to (向他人)求助；轉(zhuǎn)向；變成 歸納拓展 turn to sb. for help 向某人求助 turn on 打開(kāi) turn off 關(guān)閉 turn up (把聲音)調(diào)大；出現(xiàn) turn down (把聲音)調(diào)小；拒絕 turn over 翻轉(zhuǎn)；移交 turn in 上交，交出

　　turn out 結(jié)果是；生產(chǎn) turn against 背叛 turn away 走開(kāi) turn into 變成，變?yōu)?/p>

　　4．lose heart喪失勇氣或信心 歸納拓展 lose one's heart to 傾心于；愛(ài)上 learn... by heart 背誦；牢記 put one's heart into 專(zhuān)心于 heart and soul 全心全意地 1.... only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. 直到那個(gè)時(shí)候，我們才決定用暴力反抗暴力。 “only＋狀語(yǔ)(即副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句)”位于句首時(shí)，句子要采用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。 歸納拓展 以下幾種情況句子要用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)： (1)表否定意義的詞語(yǔ)，如never, hardly, little, rarely, scarcely, seldom, not, no, not only, at no time, under no circumstances等位于句首時(shí)； (2)以so, neither/nor開(kāi)頭的句子，表示前面所述情況適合于另一個(gè)人或物，句子要用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。so表達(dá)肯定意義，neither/nor表達(dá)否定意義； (3)句型so/such ... that ...中的so/such ...部分位于句首時(shí)。 ③If you don't go, nor ________ ________(我也不去)． ④So ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________(北京有這么多名勝) that you can't visit them all in a single day. 答案：①will you be allowed in　②is the teacher himself interested in football　③will/shall I　④many places of interest does Beijing offer

　　2．The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all. 過(guò)去的三十年來(lái)所出現(xiàn)的大量法律剝奪了我們的權(quán)利，阻擋我們的進(jìn)步，一直到今天，我們還處在幾乎什么權(quán)利都沒(méi)有的階段。 該句中的主語(yǔ)the last thirty years為無(wú)生命事物，這是一種擬人的修辭手法。

　　歸納拓展 在英語(yǔ)中，常將表示時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)或事物等的名詞作主語(yǔ)，將本應(yīng)為人發(fā)出的動(dòng)作see, find, witness等作謂語(yǔ)，表示某時(shí)，某地或某物“經(jīng)歷、發(fā)生、見(jiàn)證、目睹”了某事。這種句式突出強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間或事物，增強(qiáng)了語(yǔ)言的生動(dòng)活潑性。

　　答案：①saw/witnessed the founding of the People's Republic of China　②have seen great changes　③found people singing and dancing 3．Until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all. 一直到今天，我們還處在幾乎沒(méi)有任何權(quán)利的階段。 歸納拓展 當(dāng)先行詞是stage，case，point，position，situation等含有地點(diǎn)含義的抽象名詞，且定語(yǔ)從句中缺少狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用where/in which等引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。 答案：①我們到了必須做出變化的階段了。 ②這使我陷入了一種不能接受此工作的境地。 基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)鞏固 Unit 5　Nelson Mandela —a modern hero 必修一 第一部分　基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)聚焦 考點(diǎn)探究演練 2 基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)鞏固 3 課時(shí)規(guī)范訓(xùn)練 4 基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)晨記 1 基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)晨記 Ⅰ.單詞速記 A．快速識(shí)記 1．________ n．質(zhì)量；品質(zhì)；性質(zhì) 2．________ vi.逃脫；逃走；泄露 3．________ n．意見(jiàn)；看法；主張 4．________ n．& vt.進(jìn)攻；攻擊；抨擊 5．________ vt.酬勞；獎(jiǎng)賞 n．報(bào)酬；獎(jiǎng)金 6．________ vi.乞求；請(qǐng)求→________ n．乞丐 7．________ n．律師→________ n．法律；法規(guī)；法學(xué) 8．________ vt.建立；建設(shè)→________ n．建立者；創(chuàng)始人 quality escape opinion attack reward beg beggar lawyer law found founder 9．_______ n．殘忍；殘酷→______ adj.殘酷的；殘忍的 10．________ n．暴力；暴行→________ adj.暴力的；猛烈的 11．________ adj.和平的；平靜的；安寧的→________ n．和平；和睦；平靜 12．________ adj.法律的；合法的→(反義詞)________ adj.違法的；不合法的 13．________ adj.積極的；活躍的→________ adv.積極地→__________ n．積極性 cruelty cruel violence violent peaceful peace legal illegal active actively activeness 14．________ v．投票；選舉 n．投票；選票；表決→________ n．選民；選舉人 15．________ adj.自私的→___________ n．自私→________adj.無(wú)私的→___________ n．無(wú)私 16．________ adj.平等的；相等的→________ n．平等→(反義詞)________ n．不平等 17．________ adj.慷慨的；大方的→________ n．慷慨；大方→(反義詞)________ adj.吝嗇的 18．________ adj.不公平的；不公正的→________ n．不公平→(反義詞)________ adj.公平的 vote voter selfish selfishness selfless selflessness equal equality inequality generous generosity mean unfair unfairness fair

　　19．________ vt.獻(xiàn)身；專(zhuān)心于(與to連用)→________ adj.忠實(shí)的；深?lèi)?ài)的→________ n．獻(xiàn)身；忠誠(chéng) 20．________ vt.教育→________ adj.受過(guò)教育的；有教養(yǎng)的→(反義詞)__________ adj.無(wú)知的；未受過(guò)教育的→________ n．教育→________ n．教育家 devote devoted devotion educate educated uneducated education educator B．歸類(lèi)巧記 1．表示“人物特點(diǎn)”的形容詞全掃描 ①generous 慷慨的 ②energetic

　　有活力的 ③intelligent

　　聰明的 ④ambitious

　　有雄心壯志的 ⑤confident

　　有信心的 ⑥creative

　　富有創(chuàng)造力的 ⑦devoted

　　有獻(xiàn)身精神的 ⑧enthusiastic

　　充滿(mǎn)熱情的 ⑨warm-hearted

　　熱心腸的 ⑩active

　　積極的；活躍的 2．quality相關(guān)詞一覽 ①qualify vt.

　　使合格 ②qualification n.

　　資格 ③quantity n.

　　數(shù)量 3．后綴-ance高頻名詞全接觸 ①guidance

　　指導(dǎo)；領(lǐng)導(dǎo) ②importance

　　重要；重要性 ③ignorance

　　無(wú)知；愚昧 ④significance

　　意義；重要性 ⑤appearance

　　出現(xiàn) ⑥tolerance

　　寬容；容忍 ⑦elegance

　　優(yōu)美；高雅 Ⅱ.高頻短語(yǔ) 1．喪失勇氣或信心 ________ 2．處于麻煩中 ________ 3．擔(dān)心 ________ 4．失業(yè) ________ 5．事實(shí)上 ________ 6．使充氣；使爆炸 ________ 7．把……投進(jìn)監(jiān)獄 ________ 8．當(dāng)權(quán) ________ 9．設(shè)立；建立 ________ 10．實(shí)現(xiàn)某人……的夢(mèng)想 ________ lose heart in trouble worry about out of work as a matter of fact blow up put ...into prison come into power set up realize one's dream of 11．在……中活躍 ________ 12．致力于 ________ 13．以和平的方式 ________ 14．對(duì)……抱有希望 ________ 15．愿意…… ________ 16．求助于 ________ 17．積極參與 ________ 18．被判處…… ________ 19．能勝任 ________ 20．投票支持 ________ be active in be devoted to in a peaceful way feel/be hopeful about/of... be willing to... turn to take an active part in be sentenced to... be equal to vote for Ⅲ.佳句填空 1．He _____ _____ _____ his time, for ______ I was grateful. 他十分慷慨地給予我時(shí)間，我為此非常感激。 2．I worried about ________ I would become out of work. 我擔(dān)心我會(huì)不會(huì)失業(yè)。 3．The last thirty years ________(see)the greatest number of laws ________(stop) our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage ________ we have almost no rights at all. 過(guò)去的三十年來(lái)所出現(xiàn)的大量法律剝奪了我們的權(quán)利，阻擋我們的進(jìn)步，一直到今天，我們還處在幾乎什么權(quán)利都沒(méi)有的階段。 4．Only then ________ we decide to answer violence ________ violence. 只有到了這個(gè)時(shí)候，我們才決定用暴力反抗暴力。 5．I did not work again for twenty years ________ Mr.Mandela and the ANC ________ ________ ________ in 1994. 在曼德拉先生和非洲國(guó)民大會(huì)于1994年掌政之前，我有20年沒(méi)有工作。

　　答案：1.was generous with; which　2.whether　3.have seen; stopping; where　4.did; with　5.until; came into power Ⅳ.語(yǔ)法過(guò)關(guān) 定語(yǔ)從句(Ⅱ) 1．Xiamen is regarded as a city ________ traditional culture is well combined with a modern lifestyle. 答案：where　考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意為：廈門(mén)被認(rèn)為是一個(gè)傳統(tǒng)文化和現(xiàn)代生活方式完美結(jié)合的城市。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞a city，并在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，所以用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)該定語(yǔ)從句。 2．They stood on the top of the high building, from ________ they could see the whole city. 答案：where　考查定語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)句意可知，從那個(gè)高樓的頂部能看見(jiàn)整個(gè)城市，此處from where相當(dāng)于from on the top of the high building。 3．He met Rachel at her college graduation ceremony in 2008，________ he was later to marry. 答案：whom　考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意為：他是在2008年Rachel的大學(xué)畢業(yè)典禮上認(rèn)識(shí)她的，后來(lái)娶她為妻。分析句子成分可知，空處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。先行詞為Rachel，在從句中作marry的賓語(yǔ)，故用whom引導(dǎo)。 4．The band was very successful in the seventies, most of ________ members were in their twenties. 答案：whose　考查定語(yǔ)從句。分析句子成分可知，空處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，在從句中作定語(yǔ)，故用whose。 5．In moments when you're feeling down，read what you wrote previously，________ will help uplift your spirits. 答案：which　考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意為：當(dāng)你情緒低落的時(shí)候，讀一讀你先前寫(xiě)下的東西，這會(huì)幫助你情緒高昂。which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，指代前面整個(gè)句子的內(nèi)容。 Ⅴ.語(yǔ)篇填空 My name is Elias. I am ①________ poor black worker in South Africa. The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life. I was twelve years old. It was in 1952 and Mandela was the black lawyer to ②________ I went for advice. He offered ③________(guide) to poor black people on their legal problems. He was generous with his time, for which I was grateful. I needed his help ④________ I had very little education. I began school at six. The school ⑤________ I studied for only two years was three kilometres away. I had to leave because my family could not continue to pay the school fees ⑥________ the bus fare. I could not read or write well. ⑦_(dá)_______ trying hard, I got a job in a gold mine. However, this was a time when one had got to have a passbook ⑧________(live) in Johannesburg. Sadly I did not have ⑨________ because I was not born there, and I worried about whether I ⑩________(become) out of work. 答案：①a　②whom　③guidance　④because　⑤where　⑥and　⑦After　⑧to live　⑨one　⑩would become 考點(diǎn)探究演練 1.devote vt. 獻(xiàn)身于；致力于 歸納拓展 (1)devote ... to ... 把……獻(xiàn)給……

　　be devoted to ... 致力于……；專(zhuān)心于……

　　(2)devoted adj. 深?lèi)?ài)的；忠實(shí)的 devotion n. 奉獻(xiàn)；忠誠(chéng) 溫馨提示： 含介詞to的短語(yǔ)： be/get used/accustomed to習(xí)慣于 lead to 導(dǎo)致 pay attention to 注意 object to 反對(duì) be opposed to 反對(duì) look forward to 期望 get down to 開(kāi)始認(rèn)真做 stick to 堅(jiān)持 (2)句型轉(zhuǎn)換。 She devoted herself to practicing for ten years and became one of the world's best long-distance swimmers. ①____________________(改為現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作原因狀語(yǔ)) ②____________________(改為過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作原因狀語(yǔ)) 答案：(1)①setting　②preparing　③being caught　④was devoted (2)①Devoting herself to practicing for ten years, she became one of the world's best long-distance swimmers. ②Devoted to practicing for ten years, she became one of the world's best long-distance swimmers. 2．reward n. 報(bào)酬；獎(jiǎng)賞；回報(bào)　vt. 報(bào)答；獎(jiǎng)勵(lì) 歸納拓展 (1)reward sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事而報(bào)答某人 reward sb. with sth. 用……犒賞某人 (2)as a reward for 作為回饋/酬謝/獎(jiǎng)賞 ask no reward 不計(jì)報(bào)酬 give/offer/pay/put up a reward to sb. for sth. 因某事而給某人報(bào)酬 earn/enjoy/get/obtain/receive reward for sth. 因某事而得到報(bào)答或報(bào)酬 in reward (for) 作為(對(duì)……的)報(bào)答 辨析　award/reward 詞語(yǔ) 名詞含義 動(dòng)詞含義 award 獎(jiǎng)品，獎(jiǎng)金，與prize用法相似 意為“授予、頒發(fā)”，常用搭配：award sb. sth.＝award sth. to sb. reward 報(bào)酬、獎(jiǎng)金或一些非金錢(qián)類(lèi)的報(bào)酬 多指因?qū)Ψ降墓ぷ鳌⒎?wù)、幫助而給予的報(bào)酬或獎(jiǎng)賞，常用搭配：reward sb. for (doing) sth. ③Youyou Tu ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ for discovering artemisinin and dihydroartemisinin, making her one of the greatest women in the world. 因?yàn)榘l(fā)現(xiàn)青蒿素，屠呦呦被授予諾貝爾醫(yī)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)，她成為了世界上的偉大女性之一。 答案：①as a reward for his service　②a reward of $500　③was rewarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine 3．escape n. & vi. 逃脫；逃走；泄露　vt. 逃脫 歸納拓展 (1)escape from 從……逃離 escape doing sth. 逃避做某事 escape one's notice/memory 逃過(guò)某人的注意/被某人遺忘 (2)have a narrow escape＝narrowly escape from being killed 九死一生；幸免于難 make one's escape from 逃離；逃脫

　　③Last year I ________ ________ ________ ________， and I don't want to risk my life a second time. 去年我死里逃生，我不想再冒險(xiǎn)。 答案：①escapes being caught　②escape being punished(＝punishment)　③had a narrow escape