Unit 24　Society

　　[寫得準] [用得活] [積得多]

　　1.accumulate v．　積累

　　2.burden n.

　　重擔，負擔

　　3.vacant adj.

　　未住人的，空置的

　　4.diverse adj.

　　各種各樣的

　　5.resign vt.& vi.

　　辭職

　　6.delete vt.

　　刪除

　　7.shrink vi.

　　(使)收縮，縮小

　　8.virtue n.

　　優點，長處

　　9.undertake vt.

　　著手做，從事

　　10.sentence n.

　　判決

　　11.moreover adv.

　　再者，此外

　　12.cast

　　v.

　　投下

　　13.preservation n．維護，保存→preserve vt.保存，保管

　　14.edition n．版，版本→edit vt.編輯，校訂→editor n．編輯，校訂者

　　15.voluntary adj.自愿的→volunteer v．自愿做 n．志愿者

　　16.abundant adj.大量的→abundance n．大量

　　17.signature n．簽名→sign v．簽名；打手勢 n．招牌；跡象；符號

　　18.govern vt.統治，管理→governor n．統治者，總督→government n．政府

　　19.adjustment n．調整，調節→adjust vt.調整，調節vi.使適應

　　20.elect vt.選舉，推選→election n．選舉；當選；選擇權

　　21.merciful adj.寬大的，仁慈的→mercy n．寬容，仁慈

　　22.rot vt.& vi.腐爛；腐朽n.腐敗→rotten adj.腐爛的

　　23.thirst n．口渴→thirsty adj.口渴的

　　24.container n．容器；集裝箱→contain vt.包含；裝有；容納；控制

　　25.consequently adv.所以，因此→consequent adj.作為結果的；必然的→consequence n．結果，后果 用所給詞的適當形式填空1.She was a bright and eager student and, consequently (consequent), did well in school.

　　2.The wood was so rotten (rot) that you could put your finger through it.

　　3.Fruit and vegetables grew in abundance (abundant) on the island.

　　4.To adjust herself to the study abroad, she had to make some necessary adjustments to her habits.(adjustment)

　　5.In the latest election,_Mary was elected chairwoman of the Student Union.(elect)

　　6.The new governor is governing the state very well, which makes its government well received by people.(govern)

　　7.If you are willing to do voluntary work, you can be a volunteer.(voluntary)

　　8.Please give me a container. I want to use it to contain some water.(container)

　　9.The paintings are in an excellent state of preservation. That is to say, they are well preserved.(preservation)

　　10.She used to edit newspapers, and now she is the editor of a dictionary which is now in its sixth edition.(edition)

　　11.I'm really thirsty and only ice water can quench (解渴) my thirst. (thirst) 1.-ate結尾動詞一覽

　　①accumulate　累積；積聚

　　②accelerate

　　(使)加快

　　③advocate

　　提倡，主張

　　④allocate

　　分配

　　⑤appreciate

　　欣賞；感激

　　⑥locate

　　使……坐落于

　　2.由shrink想到的動詞

　　①extend

　　延伸；伸出

　　②increase

　　增加

　　③enlarge

　　擴大；放大

　　④expand

　　擴大；膨脹

　　⑤decrease

　　減少

　　⑥reduce

　　減少

　　3.“再者”過渡詞集錦

　　①moreover

　　再者，此外

　　②furthermore

　　此外，而且

　　③besides

　　況且，再說

　　④in addition

　　此外

　　⑤what's more

　　更有甚者

　　4.virtue相關詞匯小結

　　①optimism

　　樂觀

　　②faith

　　忠誠

　　③modesty

　　謙虛

　　④bravery

　　勇敢，勇氣

　　⑤justice

　　正義

　　⑥diligence

　　勤勉

　　⑦generosity

　　慷慨

　　5.under-開頭單詞匯總

　　①undertake vt.

　　著手做，從事

　　②underclass n.

　　社會底層

　　③underdone adj.

　　未煮熟的

　　④undergo vt.

　　經歷，經受

　　⑤underground adj.

　　地下的

　　⑥underline vt.

　　畫線；強調

　　⑦underneath prep.

　　在……底下

　　⑧undersea adj.

　　海底的

　　[寫得準] [用得活] [積得多]

　　1.come_into_being　形成，存在

　　2.wind_sb.up

　　故意惹惱某人

　　3.show_off

　　炫耀，夸耀

　　4.knock_into_sb.

　　撞上某人；偶然

　　遇到

　　5.break_into_

　　闖入；突然開始

　　(笑、唱等)

　　6.on_principle_

　　根據原則

　　7.sentence_sb.to_death

　　判某人死刑

　　8.be_well/better_off

　　過得好/過得更好

　　9.take_...seriously_

　　認真對待……

　　10.above_all

　　最重要的是；首先

　　11.do_away_with

　　廢除；擺脫，消滅

　　12.to_start_with_

　　首先

　　13.play_an_important_role_in_..._

　　在……中起重要

　　作用

　　14.contribute_to_

　　促進，有助于

　　15.take_..._into_account

　　考慮；注意；體諒

　　16.keep_an_eye_on

　　注意，留意 選用左欄短語填空1.One must take the audience into_account when making speeches.

　　2.Honesty and hard work contribute_to success and happiness.

　　3.The driver lost control of his car and it knocked_into a tree.

　　4.Children should learn above_all how to observe good manners at table.

　　5.We're amazed at the amazing news that he was_sentenced_to_death.

　　6.They did_away_with those rules at those schools years ago.

　　7.We must keep_an_eye_on the stranger who is looking back and forth all the time.

　　8.The society today offers the young generation more chances to show_off their talent and skills.

　　9.Do you know when the Great Wall came_into_being？

　　10.As the President's car arrived, the crowd broke_into loud applause. 1.do短語集匯

　　①do away with　 　廢除；擺脫

　　do harm to

　　對……有害

　　do justice to

　　公平對待

　　do one's best

　　盡力

　　do one's duty

　　盡職責

　　do up one's hair

　　做頭發

　　do up

　　重新整修

　　do without

　　不用

　　2.“on＋n.”短語大全

　　on principle

　　根據原則

　　on average

　　平均

　　on purpose

　　故意地

　　on show/exhibition

　　在展出

　　on sale

　　出售

　　on business

　　出差

　　3.聚焦eye短語

　　keep an eye on

　　注意，留意

　　have a good eye for

　　對……有鑒賞眼光

　　look sb.in the eye

　　直視(正視)某人

　　catch one's eye

　　引起某人注意

　　[背原句] [記句式] [會仿用]

　　1.I'd rather you didn't mention that.

　　我寧愿你沒有提及那一點。would rather后跟從句時，從句要用虛擬語氣。 我真希望你那天沒有把那個消息告訴他。I'd rather you hadn't_told him the news that day.

　　2.What if some married people have affairs？

　　要是一些已婚的人有了婚外戀怎么辦？ what if是連詞詞組，意為“要是……怎么辦”。 要是林書豪缺席這場籃球賽會怎么樣呢？What_if Jeremy Lin is absent from the basketball game？ 3.They were then able to place guards at the entrances of the various hutongs, which made it easier to keep an eye on

　　people's movements.

　　然后他們就可以在各個胡同路口設置哨兵，這樣更便于監視人們的舉動。 “make＋賓語＋賓語補足語”結構。 成本不斷上漲，生意很難做成。Rising costs made_it_hard to carry on business.

　　4.As a society, it's high time that we took these issues more seriously.

　　作為整個社會來講，到了我們應該更加認真地考慮這些問題的時候了。 It's high time that sb. should do/did sth.“到某人做某事的時候了”。 到了我們采取措施保護自然資源的時候了。It's high time that we should_take/took_measures to preserve the natural resources.

　　1．abundant adj.大量的；豐富的；充裕的

　　[經典例句]　We have abundant evidence to prove his guilt.(牛津P8)

　　我們有充分的證據證明他有罪。

　　(1)be abundant in　富有……；……很豐富

　　(2)abundance n.

　　豐富

　　an abundance of

　　豐富的，許多的

　　in abundance

　　大量；富裕

　　South Africa is a developing country which is_abundant_in natural resources.

　　南非是一個自然資源豐富的發展中國家。

　　If you travel in the sea, you will see an_abundance_of marine creatures.

　　如果你在海上旅行的話，會看到很多海洋生物。2．burden n．負擔，重擔 vt.(使)擔負(沉重或艱難的任務、職責等)

　　[教材原句]　Instead, they feel like a burden because every month we have to hand over most of the money we earn to pay for them.

　　相反，它們就像一種負擔，因為我們每月都要將掙來的大部分的錢拿出來支付貸款。

　　(1)a burden on/to ...　是……的負擔

　　bear/carry/reduce/share the burden

　　承受/擔負/減少/分擔重擔

　　take on the burden

　　承擔責任

　　(2)burden sb./oneself with sth.

　　裝載……；使……負擔……

　　be burdened with ...

　　負重；為……所累

　　①His invalid father is becoming a burden to/on him.

　　他父親體弱多病，對他來說漸漸成了累贅。

　　②Why do you burden yourself with your sister's dog?

　　你何必自找麻煩為你姐姐的狗所累呢？

　　③Some parents complain that their children are_burdened_with heavy homework.

　　有些家長抱怨他們孩子的家庭作業繁重。

　　3．resign vt.&vi.辭職，辭去；使順從

　　[教材原句]　His boss insisted that he work longer hours so he resigned.

　　他的老板堅持要他更長時間地工作，所以他辭職了。

　　resign one's job/post/position辭去工作/職位

　　resign from

　　辭職

　　resign oneself to (doing) sth.

　　順從……；使自己安于

　　(做)某事

　　resign as ...

　　辭去當……的職務

　　①He is still on the board, but he resigned as chairman some months ago.

　　他仍在董事會，但幾個月前他辭去了董事長職務。

　　②Will you resign from the company if they ask you to?

　　如果他們讓你辭職，你會離開公司嗎？

　　③The team refused to resign themselves to_defeat/being_defeated (defeat)．

　　該隊不甘失敗。

　　4．elect vt.選舉，推選；選擇

　　[高考佳句]　Besides, I have such a good command of English that I am elected as assistant to my English teacher.(2024·陜西高考書面表達)

　　此外，我如此精通英語以至于被選為英語老師的助理。

　　elect sb.to ...　選舉某人進入……

　　elect sb.(as/to be) ...

　　選舉某人為……

　　elect to do sth.

　　選擇做某事

　　①She became the first black woman to be elected to the Senate.

　　她成為第一個被選入參議院的黑人婦女。

　　②Employees may elect to_take (take) their pensions in monthly payments or as single lump sum.

　　雇員可選擇按月或一筆一次性領取的退休金。

　　5．undertake vt.著手做，從事，承擔；允諾，答應

　　[教材原句]　Conditions improved a great deal and the government undertook the preservation of many of the oldest hutongs.

　　胡同的條件得到了很大的改善，政府對很多早期的胡同進行了修繕和保護。

　　undertake＋n./pron.　承擔……

　　undertake to do ...

　　著手做……；答應做……

　　undertake that ...

　　答應……

　　undertake for ...

　　為……負責

　　I will undertake to_feed (feed) your dogs while you are away.

　　你不在家時我答應替你喂狗。

　　The sponsors undertake_that the proposal meets all the legal requirements.

　　倡議者擔保這項提案符合所有法律要求。

　　We'll undertake_for your security while you are visiting our country.

　　當你訪問我們國家時，我們將保證你的安全。

　　[寫作聯想]　例句②其他表達方式

　　The sponsors guarantee that the proposal meets all the legal requirements.

　　②The sponsors ensure that the proposal meets all the legal requirements.

　　③The sponsors make sure that the proposal meets all the legal requirements.

　　6．sentence n．&vt.判決；宣判；判刑

　　[教材原句]　In the USA in the last 100 years, 23 men have been wrongly sentenced to death and there are doubts about 400 other cases.

　　在美國，在過去的100年里，23人已被誤判為死刑，還有另外400件案例遭質疑。

　　(1)serve a sentence 服刑

　　pass/give sentence on sb.

　　給某人判刑

　　a death/life sentence

　　死刑/無期徒刑

　　(2)sentence sb.to ...

　　給某人判……刑(常用被動

　　語態)

　　be sentenced to death/three years in prison

　　被判死刑/三年徒刑