課時提升作業(yè)(二十三)

　　選修7　Unit 4

　　Ⅰ. 單項填空

　　1. (2024·上饒模擬)Once air pollutionin most cities, it is hard.

　　A. rises; dealing withB. arouses; to be dealt with

　　C. raises; dealt with

　　D. arises; to deal with

　　2. If you will　the affair, I shall be very grateful.

　　A. apply B. experience

　　C. undertake

　　D. command

　　3. (2024·嘉興模擬)Jiaxing is a small city. Therefore, to　the flow of traffic, the government has decided to broaden some main streets.

　　A. speed up B. build up

　　C. put up

　　D. come up

　　4. (2024·貴州六校聯(lián)盟二聯(lián))Since your English is poor, why not　an English club to improve it?

　　A. to consider joining B. consider to join

　　C. considering to join

　　D. consider joining

　　5. (2024·常州模擬)I tried to　in my speech how grateful we all were for his help.

　　A. convey B. communicate

　　C. contact

　　D. correspond

　　6. Only after they had discussed the matter for a few hours　a decision.

　　A. they reached B. did they reach

　　C. they reach

　　D. do they reach

　　7. The workers are loading the goods　a car, that is, they’re loading the car　

　　goods.

　　A. with; with B. into; into

　　C. into; with

　　D. with; into

　　8. (2024·濟南高考模擬)　you have a healthy diet, you can reduce its benefits by bad eating habits.

　　A. As long as B. Even if

　　C. As far as

　　D. Now that

　　9. When he tried to make a　, he found that the hotel that he wanted was completely filled because of a meeting.

　　A. complaint B. claim

　　C. reservation

　　D. decision

　　10. Due to the super typhoon Haiyan, all the flights were delayed or cancelled, so the conference had to be　.

　　A. put off B. put through

　　C. put up

　　D. put down

　　11. (原創(chuàng))The African singer Haodi　Chinese by singing Chinese songs.

　　A. picked up B. took up

　　C. made up

　　D. turned up

　　12. (2024·昆明模擬)They are standing on the top of the mountain, the scenery around.

　　A. to enjoy B. enjoyed

　　C. having enjoyed

　　D. enjoying

　　13. The boy　his breakfast in order to get to school on time.

　　A. choked down B. choked back

　　C. choked off

　　D. choked up

　　14. (2024·鹽城模擬)—Good morning, Grand Theater.

　　—Hello. This is Larry Jackson and I’m calling to confirm themade by phone on Monday for two box seats for “King Lear”.

　　—Just a minute, please.

　　A. accommodation B. reservation

　　C. application

　　D. distinction

　　15. I can’t understand　a decision until it is too late.

　　A. him to postpone to make

　　B. his postpone to make

　　C. him to postpone making

　　D. his postponing making

　　A

　　Believe it or not, optical illusion(錯覺)can cut highway crashes.

　　Japan is a case in point. It has reduced automobile crashes on some roads by nearly 75 percent using a simple optical illusion. But stripes, called chevrons(人字形), painted on the roads make drivers think that they are driving faster than they really are, and thus drivers slow down.

　　Now the American Automobile Association Foundation(基金會)for Traffic Safety in Washington D. C. is planning to repeat Japan’s success. Starting next year, the foundation will paint chevrons and other patterns of stripes on selected roads around the country to test how well the patterns reduce highway crashes.

　　Excessive(too great)speed plays a major role in as much as one fifth of all fatal traffic accidents, according to the foundation. To help reduce those accidents, the foundation will conduct its tests in areas where speed-related hazards(danger)are the greatest curves, exit slopes, traffic circles and bridges.

　　Some studies suggest that straight, horizontal bars painted across roads can initially cut the average speed of drivers in half. However, traffic often returns to full speed within months as drivers become used to seeing the painted bars.

　　Chevrons, scientists say, not only give drivers the impression that they are driving faster than they really are but also make a lane appear to be narrower. The result is a longer lasting reduction in highway speed and the number of traffic accidents.

　　1. The passage mainly discusses　.

　　A. a new way of highway speed control

　　B. a new pattern for painting highways

　　C. a new way of training drivers

　　D. a new type of optical illusion

　　2. On roads painted with chevrons, drivers tend to feel that　.

　　A. they should avoid speed-related hazards

　　B. they are driving in the wrong lane

　　C. they should slow down their speed

　　D. they are coming near to the speed limit

　　3. The advantage of chevrons over straight, horizontal bars is that the former　.

　　A. can keep drivers awake

　　B. can cut road accidents in half

　　C. will look more attractive

　　D. will have a longer effect on drivers

　　4. The American Automobile Association Foundation for Traffic Safety plans to　.

　　A. try out the Japanese method in certain areas

　　B. change the road signs across the country

　　C. replace straight, horizontal bars with chevrons

　　D. repeat the Japanese road patterns

　　5. What does the author say about straight, horizontal bars painted across roads?

　　A. They are suitable only on broad roads.

　　B. They are falling out of use in the United States.

　　C. They are ignored in a long period of time.

　　D. They cannot be used successfully to traffic circles.

　　B

　　Cabs, the underground, driving. . . in London these modes of transport are expensive. As a student on a budget, I couldn’t afford the 30 pounds fare for a cab. Even a bus was one pound and 20 pence for a single ticket. I didn’t need to travel this way anyway. I had Mabel—my London bike.

　　When I moved to Beijing, like every foreigner, I was delighted to discover I could take a cab for cheaper than a single journey on the “Tube”. But something was wrong. I missed Mabel. That was when I met Mandarin Mabel, also known as Mandy, my Beijing bike.

　　In many ways, Beijing is made for cycling. It is flat, an easy terrain(地形)compared with hilly London. The city’s north/south/east/west grid structure is also easier to navigate(確定路線)than London’s unplanned, twisting(曲折的)streets.

　　However, Beijing comes completely with its own dangers. The rules of the road are flexible(靈活的). Bikes, cars and pedestrians(行人)all float up and down lanes in both directions.

　　Compared with London’s terrible cycle paths, in Beijing, every road has a huge, wide cycle lane. But cars, cabs and motorbikes see no reason why they shouldn’t use these as a shortcut, and why they shouldn’t beep(鳴笛)at you to get out of their way when they do.

　　Despite the beeping, though, Beijing traffic is more good-natured. In London, the road is an active war zone. People shout, swear(咒罵)and beat on each other’s windows.

　　Beijing drivers never get actively angry. In fact, often they even don’t see cyclists. Obviously that means it’s up to the cyclist to see them.

　　Mandy is a true Beijing bike. She is rusty(生銹的), she makes loud noises every time you push her pedals(踏板)and I have had to make several emergency repair stops for her.

　　But cycling around Beijing on a sunny day is a joy. It is just me, Mandy and the city.

　　6. What does the author want to do?

　　A. To tell us what makes the author love cycling.

　　B. To compare cycling in Beijing with that in London.

　　C. To introduce the differences between Mabel and Mandy.

　　D. To explain why Beijing is made for cycling.

　　7. What can we conclude from the first paragraph?

　　A. Bicycles are the most popular means of transport in London.

　　B. To save money, the author used to travel around by bus in London.

　　C. The expense of public transport makes some people want to buy a bike.

　　D. The author didn’t travel around London because of the high cost of public transport.

　　8. What does the author think of cycling around Beijing?

　　A. The city’s twisting streets make it hard for the rider to find the way.

　　B. Cars, cabs and motorbikes on the cycle lane pose a threat to cyclists.

　　C. With the flat terrain and wide cycle lanes, it’s safer to cycle in Beijing than in London.

　　D. The traffic in Beijing is worse than that in London due to the city’s flexible road rules.

　　9. Which of the following is TRUE according to the article?

　　A. In the author’s view, Beijing drivers are less polite than London drivers.

　　B. In London, cars, cabs and motorbikes are allowed to use the cycle paths.

　　C. People in Beijing are at ease about traffic rules.

　　D. Mandy breaks down so easily that it makes the author miss her London bike Mabel.

　　【語篇隨練】多練一點　技高一籌

　　根據(jù)閱讀理解完成句子

　　1.

　　, we were left waiting in the rain for two hours.

　　信不信由你, 我們冒雨一直等了兩個小時。

　　2. , he is still out of work.

　　盡管他申請了數(shù)百個工作, 但仍然在失業(yè)中。

　　3. Children’s lives are in danger.

　　孩子們每次過這條馬路都面臨著生命危險。

　　Ⅰ. 1. 【解析】選D。考查動詞辨析和不定式的用法。句意: 在多數(shù)城市一旦空氣污染產(chǎn)生了, 就很難解決。rise“上升, 上漲, 起身”, arouse“激起”, raise“提高, 籌集, 飼養(yǎng)”, arise“產(chǎn)生, 發(fā)生”, 所以第一空填arises, 第二空使用的是: sb. /sth. is+adj. +to do. . . 句型, 其中的不定式用主動表示被動, 選D。

　　【加固訓(xùn)練】

　　A completely new situation will　when the new examination system comes into existence.

　　A. arise　B. rise　C. raise　D. arouse

　　【解析】選A。句意: 當新的考試制度形成時, 一種全新的局面將會出現(xiàn)。A項“出現(xiàn)”, 符合句意。B項“升起”, C項“抬起, 培養(yǎng), 飼養(yǎng), 提出(問題等), 籌集(資金等)”, D項“激發(fā), 激起”。

　　2. 【解析】選C。考查動詞辨析。句意: 要是你愿意承辦這件事, 我將不勝感激。apply“應(yīng)用”; experience“經(jīng)歷”; undertake“承諾, 承擔”; command“命令”, C項符合句意。

　　3. 【解析】選A。speed up意思是: (使)加速。句意: 嘉興是一個小城。因此, 為了加速車輛的流動, 政府已經(jīng)決定拓寬幾條主要的街道。

　　4. 【解析】選D。why not +動詞原形, 意思是: 為什么不……。consider在這里意思是: 考慮, 后面用動詞的-ing形式作賓語。

　　5. 【解析】選A。句意: 我努力在我的演講中表達我們對他的幫助是多么感激。所以選convey“表達”。communicate“通訊, 傳達”; contact“使接觸”; correspond“符合, 一致, 通訊”。

　　6. 【解析】選B。考查倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。句意: 只有在他們討論這個問題好幾個小時之后, 他們才做出決定。only修飾時間狀語從句且位于句首時, 主句應(yīng)采用部分倒裝的形式。根據(jù)狀語從句的時態(tài), 可以確定主句應(yīng)用一般過去時態(tài)。故選B。

　　7. 【解析】選C。考查load的用法。load sth. into. . . 意為“把某物裝入……”; load sth. with sth. 意為“用……裝載……”, 故選C項。

　　【拓展延伸】與load有關(guān)的合成詞

　　overload超載; 　unload卸貨; 　download下載;

　　upload上傳; 　carload車載量; 　workload工作量

　　8. 【解析】選B。考查連詞。句意: 即使你有健康的飲食, 也會因不好的飲食習(xí)慣而減少它的益處。even if意為“即使”, 符合句意。

　　9. 【解析】選C。考查名詞詞義辨析。句意: 當他試圖預(yù)訂房間時, 發(fā)現(xiàn)那個旅館因為有一個會議已經(jīng)客滿了。reservation預(yù)訂, 與題意吻合。

　　10. 【解析】選A。考查動詞詞組辨析。句意: 由于超級臺風(fēng)“海燕”, 所有的航班都被推遲或取消了, 因此這個會議不得不被推遲了。put off推遲; put through完成; put up張貼; put down記下。

　　11.【解析】選A。考查動詞短語辨析。句意: 非洲歌手郝弟通過唱中國歌曲學(xué)習(xí)漢語。pick up“(通過實踐)學(xué)會”; take up“從事; 占據(jù)(時間或空間)”; make up“組成”; turn up“出現(xiàn); 開大”。根據(jù)句意, 選A。

　　12. 【解析】選D。考查非謂語動詞。句意: 他們正站在山頂欣賞周圍的美景。enjoying是現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語。故選D。

　　【加固訓(xùn)練】

　　Having been awarded the 2024 Nobel Prize for Literature, 　.

　　A. Mo Yan’s years of effort was well deserved

　　B. his folks back at home were on top of the world

　　C. the current network evaluation is full of envy and jealousy

　　D. Mo Yan felt that his years of effort paid off

　　【解析】選D。句意: 被授予2024年諾貝爾文學(xué)獎之后, 莫言覺得他多年的努力獲得了回報。非謂語動詞的邏輯主語通常是句子的主語。其他三個選項的主語都不是having been awarded的邏輯主語, 在語法上是錯誤的。

　　13. 【解析】選A。句意: 這個男孩匆忙地吃完早餐, 以便按時到達學(xué)校。choke down硬咽(食物); choke back忍住, 抑制; choke off中止, 責(zé)備, 使結(jié)束; choke up阻塞, 噎住。

　　14. 【解析】選B。考查名詞辨析。make the reservation“預(yù)訂”。這里說的是確認一下電話預(yù)訂的座位。故選B。

　　15. 【解析】選D。考查非謂語動詞的用法。understand后跟名詞或動名詞作賓語; postpone后跟v. -ing。

　　Ⅱ. 【文章大意】為了控制車速, 減少交通事故, 美國決定仿照日本在公路上畫人字形標志。

　　1. 【解析】選A。主旨大意題。通讀全文, 我們可以知道, 在公路上畫各種線是為了讓司機覺得車速過快, 從而達到控制車速的目的。

　　2. 【解析】選C。細節(jié)理解題。由But stripes, called chevrons, painted on the roads make drivers think that they are driving faster than they really are, and thus drivers slow down. 可知C項正確。

　　3. 【解析】選D。推理判斷題。由最后兩段對比可知, 人字形線比直線、水平線對控制車速有更長久的影響。

　　4. 【解析】選A。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)the foundation will paint chevrons and other patterns of stripes on selected roads around the country, 可知他們在精心挑選的幾條路上試驗日本的模式。

　　5. 【解析】選C。推理判斷題。根據(jù)However, traffic often returns to full speed within months as drivers become used to seeing the painted bars. 可知司機們在很長時間后會對這些標志視而不見的。