1）must have done 過去一定做了某事,只用于肯定句。

　　2)can’t/couldn’t have done 過去不可能做了某事

　　3)could have done “本來可以……”（表示過去沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能）。 4)may /might have done “本來可能……；本來應(yīng)該或可以做某事”（實(shí)際沒有發(fā)生；含有輕微的責(zé)備語氣。 5）should/ought to have done “本來該做某事”（而實(shí)際未做） 6)should not/ought not to have done “本來不該做”（實(shí)際卻做過了，含有責(zé)備語氣） 7)needn’t have done “本來不必做”（但是已經(jīng)做過了） 8)would rather have done “當(dāng)時(shí)寧愿做了某事”（實(shí)際沒有做過）；

　　否定式would rather not have done, 表達(dá)相反意思“寧愿當(dāng)時(shí)沒有做某事”，兩者都有后悔之意。

　　練習(xí)：???? 1. We

　　have bought so much food now that Suzie won’t be with us for dinner.

　　A．may not B．needn’t C．can’t

　　D．mustn’t (2024江西) 2. I met Mr. White shortly after the Second World War, and that ___ about March 1946, I suppose.

　　A. is

　　B. maybe

　　C. must have been

　　D. may have been

　　3. My sister met him at the Grand Theater yesterday afternoon, so he ___ your lecture.

　　A. couldn’t have attended

　　B. needn’t have attended

　　C. mustn’t have attended

　　D. shouldn’t have attended

　　4. He _____ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn’t be enjoying himself by the seaside. ? A. should??? ?B. must??? ??C. wouldn’t??? ??D. can’t?????（北京）?????????????????????? 5. –Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you. ? –Thanks. You _____ it. I could manage it myself.（福建） ? A. needn’t do?? B. needn’t have done??? C. mustn’t do??? D. shouldn’t have done??? 6. –If the traffic hadn’t been so heavy, I could have been back by 6 o’clock. ?? –What a pity! Tina _____ here to see you.（湖南） ?? A. is?? ??B. was??? ??C. would be??? ??D. has been??????????????????????????????? 7.A traffic accident happened on the highway, and a driver _____.

　　A. may have hurt

　　B. may be hurting

　　C. may be hurt

　　D. may have been hurt

　　8. He paid for a seat, when he _____ have entered free.（山東） ?? A. could???? ?B. would???? ?C. must???? ???D. need??

　　1）must have done 過去一定做了某事,只用于肯定句。

　　2)can’t/couldn’t have done 過去不可能做了某事

　　3)could have done “本來可以……”（表示過去沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能）。 4)may /might have done “本來可能……；本來應(yīng)該或可以做某事”（實(shí)際沒有發(fā)生；含有輕微的責(zé)備語氣。 5）should/ought to have done “本來該做某事”（而實(shí)際未做） 6)should not/ought not to have done “本來不該做”（實(shí)際卻做過了，含有責(zé)備語氣） 7)needn’t have done “本來不必做”（但是已經(jīng)做過了） 8)would rather have done “當(dāng)時(shí)寧愿做了某事”（實(shí)際沒有做過）；

　　否定式would rather not have done, 表達(dá)相反意思“寧愿當(dāng)時(shí)沒有做某事”，兩者都有后悔之意。

　　練習(xí)：???? 1. We

　　have bought so much food now that Suzie won’t be with us for dinner.

　　A．may not B．needn’t C．can’t

　　D．mustn’t (2024江西) 2. I met Mr. White shortly after the Second World War, and that ___ about March 1946, I suppose.

　　A. is

　　B. maybe

　　C. must have been

　　D. may have been

　　3. My sister met him at the Grand Theater yesterday afternoon, so he ___ your lecture.

　　A. couldn’t have attended

　　B. needn’t have attended

　　C. mustn’t have attended

　　D. shouldn’t have attended

　　4. He _____ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn’t be enjoying himself by the seaside. ? A. should??? ?B. must??? ??C. wouldn’t??? ??D. can’t?????（北京）?????????????????????? 5. –Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you. ? –Thanks. You _____ it. I could manage it myself.（福建） ? A. needn’t do?? B. needn’t have done??? C. mustn’t do??? D. shouldn’t have done??? 6. –If the traffic hadn’t been so heavy, I could have been back by 6 o’clock. ?? –What a pity! Tina _____ here to see you.（湖南） ?? A. is?? ??B. was??? ??C. would be??? ??D. has been??????????????????????????????? 7.A traffic accident happened on the highway, and a driver _____.

　　A. may have hurt

　　B. may be hurting

　　C. may be hurt

　　D. may have been hurt

　　8. He paid for a seat, when he _____ have entered free.（山東） ?? A. could???? ?B. would???? ?C. must???? ???D. need??