【人教大綱版】2024屆高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)精品學(xué)案:SBⅠUnits 3-4
SB1 Units 3-4
重點(diǎn)句型
1.You should not go rafting unless you know
how to swim, and you should always wear
a life jacket. (SBⅠ U3)
你不應(yīng)該筏游,除非你知道如何游泳,而且一直要穿著救生衣。
unless conj. 意為“除非,如果不”,引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句,含有否定意義,相當(dāng)于if …not。
①在unless從句中,用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)時(shí),用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示將來(lái)完成時(shí)。
②當(dāng)unless從句的主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)相同,并含有be動(dòng)詞時(shí),從句的主語(yǔ)與be動(dòng)詞可一同省去,如unless invited是unless I’m invited的簡(jiǎn)略形式,if not invited是if I’m not invited的簡(jiǎn)略形式。
①We won't keep winning games
__________________ ______ (如果我們不能一直打好的話).
②Don't be afraid of asking for help ______ it is needed.
A. unless
B. since
C. although
D. when
【答案】
①u(mài)nless we keep playing well
②D “當(dāng)有需要的時(shí)候,請(qǐng)不要害怕尋求幫助。”如果用unless不合邏輯。
2. How are you getting to the airport?
Is anybody seeing you off? (SBⅠ U3)
你將怎樣去機(jī)場(chǎng)?有人給你送行嗎?
句中are…getting和is seeing…off是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái),強(qiáng)調(diào)在最近要做的事先安排、計(jì)劃好的事情,可和表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。能用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)詞,常見(jiàn)的有g(shù)o, come, leave, start, arrive, return, give, work, stay, play, do, meet, take, get等。
Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belts. The plane ______.
A. takes off
B. is taking off
C. has taken off
D. took off
【答案】 B 根據(jù)所提供的情景Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belts.可判斷出飛機(jī)馬上要起飛了,故用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)。
3. Before she could move, she heard a loud noise.(SBⅠ U4)
她還沒(méi)來(lái)得及動(dòng),就聽(tīng)見(jiàn)一陣巨大的響聲。
before conj. 意思是“在……之前”,注意在下列句型中的用法和靈活翻譯。
①?gòu)?qiáng)調(diào)從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句前,可譯為“還沒(méi)來(lái)得及……就……”。
②It+be+一段時(shí)間+before…,意為“……之后才……”。
③It+be+not+long+before… 意為“……不久就……”。
④hardly…before… 意為“剛……就……”。
①Someone called me up in the middle of the night, but he hung up __________________(我還沒(méi)有來(lái)得及) answer it.
②They were thrown onto the truck __________________ (他們還沒(méi)來(lái)得及弄明白) what was happening.
③Please put it down __________________ (趁你還沒(méi)忘記).
【答案】
①before I could
②before they could realize
③before you forget it
4. Just try and you'll see you can do it.
只要盡力你就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)你能做。
(1)祈使句+ and+陳述句 “……的話,就……”
(2)祈使句+ or /or else (否則)+陳述句“……的話,否則就……”
(3)名詞短語(yǔ)+and +陳述句 “……的話,就……”
注意:以上祈使句和名詞短語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件句,陳述句中一般用將來(lái)時(shí)。
①Work hard, and you will make progress.=If you work hard, you will make progress.
努力學(xué)習(xí),你就會(huì)進(jìn)步的。
②Tell me the truth, or I shall/will never believe you. = If you don't tell me the truth, I shall/will never believe you.
告訴我真實(shí)情況吧,否則我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)相信你。
③Another ten minutes, and I will finish the task soon.
再給10分鐘,我很快就會(huì)完成任務(wù)的。
①Develop the economy under the condition of environmental protection, __________________(否則我們會(huì)受到懲罰) by nature.
②Go ahead, __________________(你會(huì)找到) the hospital.
【答案】
①or we will be punished
②and you will find
課文原句高考對(duì)照
課文原句高考對(duì)照 課文原句高考對(duì)照
You should not go rafting unless you know how to swim, and you should always wear a life jacket.
你不應(yīng)該從事木筏運(yùn)動(dòng),除非你知道如何游泳,而且要一直穿著救生衣。
A small car is big enough for a
family of three ______ you need more
space for baggage.(2008?全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)
A. once
B. because
C. if
D. unless
解析:選D。句意:如果你不需要更多
存放行李的空間,一輛汽車(chē)對(duì)于三口之
家便足夠了。unless 是從屬連詞,引導(dǎo)
條件狀語(yǔ)從句,含有否定意義。相當(dāng)于
if條件狀語(yǔ)從句的否定形式。意思是“
如果不……就……;除非……要不然”。又
如:
課文原句高考對(duì)照 課文原句高考對(duì)照
You should not go rafting
unless you know how to
swim, and you should
always wear a life jacket.
你不應(yīng)該從事木筏運(yùn)動(dòng)
,除非你知道如何游泳,
而且要一直穿著救生衣。
The little boy won't go to sleep
______ his mother tells him a story.
(2010?全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)
A. or
B. unless
C. but
D. whether
解析:選B。句意:小男孩不肯上床睡
覺(jué),除非他媽媽給他講個(gè)故事。
not…unless表示“除非……才……。”
課文原句高考對(duì)照 課文原句高考對(duì)照
Just try and you'll see you can do it.
只要盡力你就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)你能做。
Stand over there ______ you'll be able
to see the oil painting better.(2008?全國(guó)
卷Ⅱ)
A. but
B. till
C. and
D. or
解析:選C。句意:站在那兒,你可以
更好的欣賞這幅油畫(huà)。祈使句+and+陳
述句(將來(lái)時(shí)),如:Work hard and you
will succeed.努力工作,你就會(huì)成功。
又如:
課文原句高考對(duì)照 課文原句高考對(duì)照
Just try and you'll see you can do it.
只要盡力你就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)你能做。
If you have a job, ______ yourself to
it and finally you‘ll succeed. (2010?四川
卷)
A. do devote
B. don't devote
C. devoting
D. not devoting
解析:選A。句意:如果你擁有一份工
作,一定要致力于這份工作,這樣最
后你才能成功。空白處用動(dòng)詞原形,
句型為:祈使句+and/ or+陳述句。根據(jù)
上下文語(yǔ)境,“千萬(wàn)要致力于它”,加
強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣在原形前加do。
語(yǔ)法精講
——代詞
1.it, that, one, those和ones替代名詞的用法和區(qū)別。
2.other 和another用法的區(qū)別。
3.either, neither, both, any, all和none的指代含義及數(shù)的情況。
4.every, any, each的區(qū)別。
5.it所構(gòu)成的慣用句型。
6.every合成詞及all和not構(gòu)成的部分否定。
1.人稱(chēng)代詞
(1)主格在句中作主語(yǔ),賓格作賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。
如:— Who is it? — It’s me.(me作表語(yǔ))
——誰(shuí)呀?——是我。
(2)單獨(dú)使用時(shí),一般用賓格。如:
— I’d like to go home. 我想回家。
— Me, too.我也是。
2.物主代詞
(1)形容詞性物主代詞只能作定語(yǔ)。
(2)名詞性物主代詞用作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)。
如:
This is my book. That book is his. Have you brought yours?
這是我的書(shū)。那本是他的。你把你的帶來(lái)了嗎?
(3)“of +名詞性物主代詞”構(gòu)成雙重所有格。如:
He is an old friend of mine.
他是我的一個(gè)老朋友。
Do you think that bag of hers beautiful?
你覺(jué)得她的包漂亮嗎?
3.反身代詞
(1)用作賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)的同位語(yǔ)。如:
We ourselves did that.我們自己做的。
You don’t seem to be yourself today.
你今天感覺(jué)很不好。
(2)含有反身代詞的習(xí)慣用語(yǔ):
by oneself=alone 單獨(dú)一人
for oneself 獨(dú)立,為自己
enjoy oneself=have a good time 玩得愉快
seat oneself=sit 坐下
help oneself to 自行取用
come to oneself 蘇醒
make oneself at home 不要客氣
dress oneself in 穿著
1.this, that, these, those
指示代詞this和these是近指,that和those是遠(yuǎn)指。如:
I don’t want this book. I want that one.
我不想要這本書(shū)。我想要那本。
this和that都可代表前面提到過(guò)的事物,若出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)名詞,指代較前面的用that,指代較后面的用this。如:
Health is above wealth; this cannot give so much happiness as that.
健康勝于財(cái)富;財(cái)富不會(huì)像健康那樣帶來(lái)那么多幸福。(句中this=wealth, that=health)
What I want you to remember is this: English is of great use.
(此句中this不能用that替換)
我想讓你記住的是:英語(yǔ)很有用。
2.it, that, one
(1)it是特指,用來(lái)代替前面提到的特定的人或事物,指的是同名同物;one是泛指,雖然代替的是同類(lèi)人或事物,但不是替代其本身。它只能代替單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。如:
Where is my pen? Have you seen it?
(it=my pen)
我的鋼筆在哪兒?你看見(jiàn)了嗎?
I haven’t a pen. Can you lend me one?
(one=a pen)
我沒(méi)有鋼筆。你能借我一支嗎?
(2)one只能用于指代可數(shù)名詞單數(shù);that既可指代可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)(特指),也可指代不可數(shù)名詞。如:
This tea is better than that. (that=that tea)
這種茶比那種茶好。
(3)指代可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)時(shí),one=a + n.,
that=the + n.。如:
A house built of brick lasts longer than one built of wood.
用磚做的房子比用木頭做的經(jīng)久。
The house built of brick lasts longer than that built of wood.
這幢用磚做的房子比那幢用木頭做的經(jīng)久。
(4)that不能有前置定語(yǔ),但可以有后置定語(yǔ)。而one既可有前置定語(yǔ)又可有后置定語(yǔ)。例句見(jiàn)上一條。又如:
This coat is not what I want. I want a green one.
這不是我想要的外套。我想要一件綠色的。
注:it的復(fù)數(shù)是they/them, one的復(fù)數(shù)是ones, that的復(fù)數(shù)是those, 它們的區(qū)別同上。
3.some, any
some多用于肯定句,any多用于否定句、疑問(wèn)句或條件句。另外,some可用于表示請(qǐng)求、提議或者希望得到肯定回答的疑問(wèn)句中。如:
If you have any ink, please give me some.
你要是有墨水,給我一些。
Would you like some coffee?你喝杯咖啡嗎?
36
4.none, no one, nobody, nothing
none既可指人,也可指物,后可接“of短語(yǔ)”,屬特指,而no one 僅指人(=nobody), 后不接“of短語(yǔ)”,屬泛指。nothing僅指物,后也不接“of短語(yǔ)”,也屬泛指。none可以簡(jiǎn)略回答以how many或how much開(kāi)頭的疑問(wèn)句及一般疑問(wèn)句,no one (=nobody) 回答以who開(kāi)頭的疑問(wèn)句,nothing回答以what開(kāi)頭的疑問(wèn)句。例如:
Neither of them have / has failed.
他們倆都沒(méi)失敗。
— How many books are there on the desk? — None.
——桌子上有多少本書(shū)?——沒(méi)有。
— Who is in the room?
— No one / Nobody.
——誰(shuí)在房間里?——沒(méi)人。
— Is there any oil in the glass? — None.
——杯子里有油嗎?——沒(méi)有。
— What is in the glass? — Nothing.
——杯子里有什么?——什么也沒(méi)有。
5.other, another,the other,others,the others
other表示“(沒(méi)有范圍的)其他的”,與名詞復(fù)數(shù)連用。如:
Are there any other questions?
還有其他問(wèn)題嗎?
another泛指很多中的“另一個(gè)”,可作代詞或形容詞用,代替或修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。如:
I don’t like this hat. Please show me another.
我不喜歡這頂帽子,再給我看看另一頂。
the other可作代詞或形容詞用,指已知的事物或人中的“另一個(gè)”,或另一方中的“全部其他的”。如:
I have two sisters. One is a student and the other is a worker.
我有兩個(gè)姐姐:一個(gè)是學(xué)生,另外一個(gè)是工人。
I can see only two teachers in the office. Where are the other teachers?
我只看見(jiàn)兩個(gè)老師在辦公室,其他的老師在哪兒?
others泛指“其他的人或物”,the others特指“其余的人或物”。others常和some對(duì)比使用。如:
Thirty students in our class are boys; the others are girls.
我班30名男生,其他都是女生。
Some are carrying water; others are watering the trees.
一些人在提水,另外的人在澆樹(shù)。
6.部分否定和完全否定
both, all, each, every以及由every構(gòu)成的不定代詞出現(xiàn)在否定句中,不管否定詞在前還是在后,都是部分否定。如:
Both of you haven’t passed the exam.
你們倆考試并不都及格了。
All of them don’t like music.
他們并不都喜歡音樂(lè)。
要表示完全否定,要用neither, none, nothing, no one, no, never, nowhere等詞。
如:
Neither of you has passed the exam.
你們倆考試都不及格。
None of them like music.
他們都不喜歡音樂(lè)。
() 1.
Neither side is prepared talk to ______ unless we can smooth things over between them. (2010·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)
A. others
B. the other
C. another