be doing...when 正在做某事突然間…… had just done...when 剛做完某事,這時(shí)…… had hardly/scarcely...when 剛做完某事,這時(shí)…… ①I was thinking of this when I heard my name called. 我正想著這件事時(shí),突然聽到有人叫我的名字. ②He was on the point of leaving_when someone knocked at the door.他剛要走就有人敲門. ③We had hardly fallen asleep

　　when

　　the bell rang. 我們剛剛?cè)胨?鈴聲就響了起來(lái).

　　跟蹤訓(xùn)練 Ⅰ.完成句子 1．我那天病了,否則,我就參加運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)了. I was ill that day.__________, I_______________________the sports meeting. Otherwise would have taken part in 2．如若給以發(fā)展的機(jī)會(huì),他也是很可能會(huì)成為一個(gè)卓越的藝術(shù)家的. ________the opportunity,he ____________________a brilliant artist. 3．我們正打算動(dòng)身,這時(shí)突然下起了雨. We________________set off________it suddenly began to rain. Given might well have become were about to when Ⅱ.單項(xiàng)填空 1．________time,he’ll make much progress in his English. A．Having given B．To give C．Giving

　　D．Given 解析：選D.此題考查given的用法.此題中g(shù)iven為介詞,意為“如果有,假定有”. 句意：如果有時(shí)間,他的英語(yǔ)將會(huì)有大的進(jìn)步. 2．(2011·高考陜西卷)More highways have been built in China,________it much easier for people to travel from one place to another. A．making

　　B．made C．to make

　　D．having made

　　解析：選A.句意：中國(guó)建了更多的高速公路,這使得人們從一個(gè)地方到另一個(gè)地方旅行更加容易了.making是現(xiàn)在分詞,在句中作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ).不定式表示偶然性很強(qiáng)或意想不到的結(jié)果,所以C項(xiàng)不符合邏輯.

　　3．(2011·高考江蘇卷)Recently a survey________prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens. A．compared

　　B．comparing C．compares

　　D．being compared

　　解析：選B.句意：最近,一項(xiàng)對(duì)兩家超市的同樣商品的價(jià)格進(jìn)行比較的調(diào)查在市民中引起了激烈的爭(zhēng)論.survey與compare在邏輯上存在主謂關(guān)系,因此使用comparing.comparing prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets在句中作后置定語(yǔ),修飾survey.

　　4．(2011·高考山東卷)Look over there—there’s a very long,winding path________up to the house. A．leading

　　B．leads C．led

　　D．to lead

　　解析：選A.lead up to在此處意為“通 向”,與path是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系.分析句子成分可知此處是現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ),修飾path,相當(dāng)于which leads up to.

　　5．(2011·高考遼寧卷)________around the fire,the tourists danced with the local people. A．Gather

　　B．To gather C．Gathering

　　D．To be gathering

　　解析：選C.句意：旅游者和當(dāng)?shù)氐木用駠艋鹨黄鹛?主語(yǔ)the tourists和動(dòng)詞gather是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,故用現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作伴隨狀語(yǔ),故C項(xiàng)正確.

　　溫馨提示 請(qǐng)做課時(shí)作業(yè)　選修八　Unit 22 本部分內(nèi)容講解結(jié)束 按ESC鍵退出全屏播放 【重點(diǎn)提示】　(1)refer to表示“查閱;參閱”意義時(shí),相當(dāng)于consult,其賓語(yǔ)為詞典、書籍類的名詞,而look up的搭配結(jié)構(gòu)則為look up sth.in a dictionary. (2)解題時(shí)一定要注意區(qū)分句子結(jié)構(gòu),尤其是refer to為后置定語(yǔ)時(shí).例如：The man you referred to came eventually.你提到的那個(gè)人終于來(lái)了. 11answer for sth.　對(duì)某事負(fù)責(zé);為某事受譴責(zé) (教材P132)Hunters in general have a lot to answer_for in terms of endangered animals.　 就瀕危動(dòng)物而言,獵人通常應(yīng)負(fù)許多責(zé)任.

　　歸納拓展 ①They shall answer for their behavior. 他們應(yīng)對(duì)自己的行為負(fù)責(zé). ②The doctor came at once in_answer_to my phone call. 醫(yī)生一接到我的電話立刻就來(lái)了. ③(朗文P60)Stop answering your mother back! 不準(zhǔn)和母親頂嘴！

　　12on somebody’s behalf　代表…… (教材P132)We need to speak out_on_their_behalf_before they disappear for good.　在它們永遠(yuǎn)消失前,我們需要代表它們站出來(lái)說(shuō)出心聲.

　　歸納拓展 ①I’m here on behalf of my family to give our regards to you. 我在這里代表我們?nèi)蚁蚰銌?wèn)候. ②I paid the money on your behalf.

　　我替你付了錢.

　　③We collected money in_behalf_of_the poor students. 我們?yōu)閹椭毨W(xué)生而募捐.

　　跟蹤訓(xùn)練 Ⅰ.選詞填空 take action,lie in,answer for,bring about,apart from,refer to 1．The problem ________________deciding when to intervene. lies in 2．The heavy spring rains last month________________the flood. 3．It was foolish of him to________________his notes during that important test,and as a result,he got punished. brought about refer to 4．The murder will have to________________his crimes one day. 5．I felt that it was time for us________________. 6．You’ve got to help.________________anything else you are my brother. answer for to take action Apart from Ⅱ.單項(xiàng)填空 1．On AIDS Day,the minister of Health Department demanded that the problems________paid special attention to. A．referred to being

　　B．referred to be C．refer to being

　　D．refer to be

　　解析：選B.考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、虛擬語(yǔ) 氣.句意：在艾滋病日上,衛(wèi)生部部長(zhǎng)要求特別關(guān)注提到的問(wèn)題.referred to 過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ),修飾the problems.demand常用于“demand＋that...(should)do sth.”結(jié)構(gòu),選項(xiàng)中的be前省略了should.

　　2．You may get away with this kind of thing now,but you will have to ________it some day. A．a(chǎn)nswer back

　　B．a(chǎn)nswer to C．a(chǎn)nswer for

　　D．a(chǎn)nswer up

　　解析：選C.句意：現(xiàn)在你可以逃過(guò)此 事,但日后你將必須對(duì)此承擔(dān)責(zé)任. answer for“對(duì)……負(fù)責(zé)”,符合句意.

　　3．________them,I had no one to talk to. A．Take apart

　　B．Set apart C．Fall apart

　　D．Apart from

　　解析：選D.句意：除了他們之外,我沒有其他說(shuō)話的人.apart from“除……之外”;take apart“拆卸,拆開”;set apart“留出,撥出”;fall apart“破裂,崩潰”.

　　4．—May I have a word with you? —________.I’m not busy,anyway. A．By no means

　　B．By all means C．By means of

　　D．By any means

　　解析：選B.根據(jù)I’m not busy,anyway.推斷“我”同意和你說(shuō)話.by all means“當(dāng)然可以”,符合句意.

　　句型巧析 1(教材P6)Without these naturally occurring gases, the sun’s rays would bounce back into space leaving_the_Earth_cold_and_impossible_to_live_on.

　　如果沒有這些自然存在的氣體,太陽(yáng)的光線將會(huì)離開地球,返回到太空,使地球變得寒冷,人類將無(wú)法居住.

　　【句法分析】(1)without 在本句中表示一個(gè)假設(shè)的條件，后面的主句中用“would＋do”表示對(duì)將來(lái)的虛擬，像這樣表假設(shè)條件的介詞還有but for；連詞or， otherwise，它們引導(dǎo)的句子在英語(yǔ)中稱為含蓄條件句。(2)leaving the Earth cold and impossible to live on 為現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。

　　①Without/But for your help, I wouldn’t have done it well. 沒有你的幫助我不會(huì)干得很好的. ②Football is played in over 80 countries, making_it

　　the most popular sport in the world. 在80多個(gè)國(guó)家里都有足球這項(xiàng)體育活動(dòng),使它成為世界上最受歡迎的一項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng). ③They have been discussing the problem for 2 hours, reaching no agreement at last. 他們對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題一直討論了兩個(gè)小時(shí),最后也沒達(dá)成協(xié)議.

　　2(教材P6)Given

　　this data,it seems that the link between human activities and rising global temperatures is not merely a coincidence. 鑒于這些數(shù)據(jù),好像人類活動(dòng)與正在升高的地球溫度之間的聯(lián)系并不僅僅是巧合.

　　【句法分析】　本句中g(shù)iven為介詞,意思為“鑒于……”(表示原因).另外,它還可以表示假設(shè),意為“倘若;假定”.類似的還有regarding(關(guān)于,有關(guān))/ considering( 鑒于,考慮到)/concerning (關(guān)于,涉及)/provided/providing(假定) / judging from...(根據(jù)……來(lái)判斷)等. ①Given the present conditions,I think she’s done rather well. 考慮到目前的條件,我認(rèn)為她已做得相當(dāng)出色. ②Given her interest in children/Given that she is interested in children,I am sure teaching is the right career for her. 考慮到她喜歡孩子,我可以肯定教書是最適合她的職業(yè).

　　③Given the chance,I’ll do it again. 如果有機(jī)會(huì),我會(huì)再做一次. ④Considering the strength of the opposition,we did very well to score two goals. 就對(duì)方的實(shí)力而論,我們能進(jìn)兩個(gè)球就很不錯(cuò)了.

　　⑤We did more work concerning the aging population. 我們做了更多的有關(guān)老齡化問(wèn)題的工作. ⑥Provided/Providing the price is right,we’ll buy everything you produce.倘若價(jià)格合適,我們將購(gòu)買你們的全部產(chǎn)品.

　　3(教材P17) ...,Titanic,was on its maiden voyage from Southampton to New York City,when_it_struck_an_iceberg and sank about 153 km south of Newfoundland. ……,泰坦尼克號(hào)在作首次航海,從南安普敦開往紐約城,突然間撞上冰山,在紐芬蘭島南153公里的地方沉船.

　　①Since I am now preparing for the College Entrance Examination,my mother is very considerate of me. 自從我在為高考做準(zhǔn)備,媽媽就對(duì)我的照顧很細(xì)心. ②We’ve saved a considerable amount of money. 我們存了一筆數(shù)額相當(dāng)大的錢. ③I seriously considered_resigning. 我是認(rèn)真考慮過(guò)辭職的. 辨析 considerate,thoughtful considerate 指能設(shè)身處地為別人著想,給予同情或諒解. thoughtful 指為他人著想,主動(dòng)關(guān)懷,做有益于他人的事. ④He was always kind and considerate. 他總是態(tài)度和善并體貼他人. ⑤It’s very thoughtful_of_you to remember my birthday. 你想的真周到,還記得我的生日.

　　跟蹤訓(xùn)練 Ⅰ.品句填詞 1．It is in the air that there will be a__________(臺(tái)風(fēng)) this week. 2．Stick to your__________(原則) and tell him you won’t do it. typhoon principles 3．All three teams__________(采取) different approaches to the problem. 4．The handle was just__________(超出) my reach. 5．I have my_____________(疑慮) about his ability to do the job. adopted beyond reservations 6．_____________is one way to make sure we have enough energy in the future. 7．Oil pollution could damage the __________ of the coral reefs. 8．She __________ him with her death. Conservation ecology threatened Ⅱ.單項(xiàng)填空 1．Hearing the dog barking fiercely,away________. A．fleeing the thief B．was fleeing the thief C．the thief was fleeing D．fled the thief 解析：選D.句意：聽到狗叫得很兇,小偷逃跑了.此處away為副詞,置于句首引起全部倒裝.

　　2．—Do you think their table tennis team will win the first place at the coming Asian Games? —________.Ours is much stronger than theirs. A．Of course　

　　B．It depends C．Don’t mention it

　　D．By no means

　　解析：選D.by no means表示決不;it depends表示看情況而定.

　　3．There are hundreds of people desperate to ________an orphan whose parents were killed in the Japan earthquake. A．receive

　　B．educate C．a(chǎn)dopt

　　D．a(chǎn)buse

　　解析：選C.句意：數(shù)以千計(jì)的人非常想收養(yǎng)日本地震中喪失父母的孤兒. receive收到;educate教育;adopt收養(yǎng); abuse濫用. 4．You should________the opportunity to study in college.Or you will be regretful. A．watch

　　B．refuse C．miss

　　D．seize

　　解析：選D.句意：你應(yīng)該抓住在大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)的機(jī)會(huì),否則你會(huì)后悔的.watch觀看; refuse拒絕;miss錯(cuò)過(guò),懷念;seize抓住.

　　5．The manager was unable to attend but sent his deputy(副手)as a________. A．replacement

　　B．substitution C．substitute

　　D．change

　　解析：選C.句意：經(jīng)理不能出席,派了個(gè)副手代表他.substitute作名詞,意為“代替的人或物”,而A、B兩項(xiàng)均表示代替動(dòng)作本身,D項(xiàng)不合句意.

　　6．—I can’t stand Jack.He is too inefficient! —Nobody is perfect.Try to be________to others. A．considering

　　B．considered C．considerable

　　D．considerate

　　解析：選D.答語(yǔ)句意：人無(wú)完人,對(duì)別人應(yīng)該體諒一些.considerate“關(guān)心的,體貼的”.

　　7．Everybody was touched________words after they heard her moving story. A．beyond

　　B．without C．of

　　D．in

　　解析：選A.句意：聽到她的感人故事 后,他們每個(gè)人都感動(dòng)得無(wú)法用語(yǔ)言來(lái)形容.beyond words表示“在言語(yǔ)之外”,即不能用言語(yǔ)來(lái)表達(dá).

　　8．(2024·南昌模擬)It was reported that 115 miners________in the flooded mine for eight days were pulled out alive at last. A．trapped

　　B．being trapped C．were trapped

　　D．had trapped

　　解析：選A.句意：據(jù)報(bào)道115名被困在礦井里八天的礦工最后被解救出來(lái)了. trapped in the flooded mine for eight days是過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ).

　　9．By no means________to your parents. A．is this the first time you are lying B．this is the first time you have lied C．this is the first time you tell a lie D．is this the first time you have lied 解析：選D.by no means決不,表否定意義的詞放在句首,句子用倒裝句.This is the first time...句型中常用完成時(shí)態(tài).

　　短語(yǔ)細(xì)解 10refer to　提到,涉及;查閱 (教材P6)Global warming refers_to an average increase in the Earth’s temperature...　 地球變暖是指地球氣溫的平均上升……

　　歸納拓展 ①This is why Marxists refer to their type of movement as scientific

　　socialism. 這就是為什么馬克思主義者將他們這種運(yùn)動(dòng)稱作為科學(xué)社會(huì)主義的原因. ②He referred_himself_to his father’s power and influence. 他仰仗著他父親的權(quán)勢(shì).

　　③The members referred the question to the committee,as they were unable to reach a decision. 各成員們把這個(gè)問(wèn)題交給委員會(huì)處理,因?yàn)樗麄儫o(wú)法形成決議. 辨析 refer to,refer...to refer to 提到,參考,指……而言,涉及,適用于. refer...to 把……提交,委托給……,把……歸功于. ④Don’t refer to the matter again. 不要再提這件事了. ⑤Refer_to the dictionary when you don’t know how to spell a word.當(dāng)你不知道怎么拼寫一個(gè)單詞時(shí),查閱一下詞典.

　　⑥He referred his success to the good education he had had. 他把他的成功歸于他以前所受的良好教育.

　　①They claimed the reward for working for him. 為他工作他們要求報(bào)酬. ②The court claimed(that)he was innocent. 法庭宣布他無(wú)罪.

　　③The settlers claimed the land to_be theirs. 殖民者聲稱土地是他們的.

　　3condemn　vt.宣判死刑,注定毀滅; 責(zé)難,責(zé)備 (教材P6)．..,we are condemning life on Earth and should expect severe consequences.　……,我們正在毀滅地球上的生命,并且會(huì)出現(xiàn)預(yù)料中嚴(yán)重的后果.

　　歸納拓展

　　助 記 He was condemned

　　to death and his mother was to blame for this because she never scolded him when he stole things as a young boy. 他被判死刑,這要?dú)w咎于他的母親,因?yàn)樗谒r(shí)候偷東西時(shí)從來(lái)沒有責(zé)備過(guò)他. ①(朗文P343)He was condemned to death for murder and later hanged.他因兇殺罪被判處死刑后被絞死. ②We condemned him for his bad conduct. 我們責(zé)備他行為不檢點(diǎn).

　　③As an old person, one is often condemned_to live alone. 老年人常出于無(wú)奈而獨(dú)自生活.

　　辨析

　　blame,condemn,scold blame 指一般的“歸咎于”,不含言語(yǔ)責(zé)罵之意. condemn 指正式場(chǎng)合的“譴責(zé)”、“判罪”. scold 指嘮嘮叨叨的“數(shù)落”,常用于母親對(duì)孩子,老師對(duì)學(xué)生. ④The crash was blamed on pilot error. 這次空難是飛行員的失誤. ⑤Her father scolded her for upsetting her mother. 她因惹母親生氣而被父親斥責(zé). ⑥Politicians were quick to condemn the bombing. 政治家們立即對(duì)爆炸事件進(jìn)行了譴責(zé).

　　4coincidence　n．巧合;同時(shí)發(fā)生;一致 (教材P6)Given this data,it seems that the link between human activities and rising global temperatures is not merely a coincidence.　鑒于這些數(shù)據(jù),好像人類活動(dòng)與正在升高的地球溫度之間的聯(lián)系不僅僅是巧合. 歸納拓展 ①By coincidence,we arrived here at the same time. 我們湊巧一同到達(dá)這兒. ②The two murder cases were so similar to each other;it was not a coincidence_at all. 這兩個(gè)謀殺案如此相似,絕不是巧合.