高中英語語法-淺談虛擬語氣的特殊用法
淺談虛擬語氣的特殊用法
1. 當(dāng)虛擬條件從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞和主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí),主句和從句的謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)根據(jù)實(shí)際的時(shí)間選用適當(dāng)?shù)膭?dòng)詞形式。如:
If you had earned enough money,you would live a happy life in the future.
如果你已掙了足夠的錢,你今后就會(huì)過上幸福的生活。
(從句與過去事實(shí)相反,謂語動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí);主句與將來事實(shí)相反,謂語動(dòng)詞用 would/should/could/might+ 動(dòng)詞原形。)
2. 在虛擬語氣中,有時(shí)假設(shè)的情況并不是以條件狀語從句的形式表示,而是通過相應(yīng)的介詞或連詞來表示,如 without, but for, or, but, otherwise 等。如:
But for your help,we couldnt have finished the task in time. (= If you hadnt helped us tomorrow)
要不是你的幫助,我們就不會(huì)按時(shí)完成任務(wù)。
3. 在 if 引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句中,如果條件狀語從句位于句首,且從句中含有 were, had 或 should ,則可以省略 if ,并用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。如:
Should it rain tomorrow,we would have to stay at home. (= If it should rain tomorrow)
如果明天下雨,我們就得呆在家里。
4. 如果主句中含有 would rather, would as soon, would sooner 或 would prefer ,則從句要用過去時(shí)表示當(dāng)時(shí)或?qū)淼那闆r,用過去完成時(shí)表示過去的情況,表達(dá)希望或婉轉(zhuǎn)的責(zé)備。如:
I would prefer he worked hard.
我倒希望他能夠努力學(xué)習(xí)。
I would just as soon you had returned the book yesterday.
我真希望你昨天把這本書還了。
5. 在 Its (high/ about) time + that 從句中, that 從句的謂語動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語氣,表示是該的時(shí)候了,其形式為一般過去時(shí)或 should + 動(dòng)詞原形,但 should 不能省略。如:
Its time that we began our meeting.
是該開會(huì)的時(shí)候了。
It is high time that we should tell him the truth.
是我們?cè)摳嬖V他真相的時(shí)候了。
6. 在表示建議、命令、要求、堅(jiān)持( suggest , order , demand , propose , request , command , insist )等相關(guān)的名詞性從句中,謂語動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語氣 (should) + 動(dòng)詞原形。如:
The order that we should reach the small village before daybreak came just now.
要求我們?cè)谔炝林摆s到小村莊的命令剛剛下達(dá)。(同位語從句)
The suggestion is that we (should) recite a passage each day.
建議是我們每天應(yīng)背誦一篇短文。(表語從句)
It is demanded that we (should) get everything ready by tonight.
我們被要求今晚之前把一切都準(zhǔn)備好。(主語從句)
7. 在 It is + 形容詞 + that 從句中,從句的謂語動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語氣 (should) + 動(dòng)詞原形。這類形容詞有 necessary, important, essential, strange, natural 等。如:
It is necessary that he (should)be sent to the hospital at once.
立刻送他進(jìn)醫(yī)院是非常必要的。
8. 由 wish 引起的表示愿望的賓語從句,其謂語要用虛擬語氣。當(dāng) wish 表示的是與現(xiàn)在或當(dāng)時(shí)事實(shí)相反的愿望時(shí),它所引起賓語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞要用一般過去時(shí)或過去進(jìn)行時(shí);當(dāng) wish 表示的是與過去事實(shí)相反的愿望時(shí),它所引起賓語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞要用過去完成時(shí);當(dāng) wish 表示的是將來難以實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望時(shí),它所引起賓語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞要用 would/ should/ could/ might + 動(dòng)詞原形。如:
I wish I had enough money to buy a car.
我希望能有足夠的錢來買一輛小汽車。(表示的是現(xiàn)在)
He whishes he had not lost the chance.
他真希望沒有失去機(jī)會(huì)。(表示的是過去)
I wish I would join the army when I grow up.
我希望長大后能夠參軍。(表示的是將來)
9. 在 insist 和 suggest 后的賓語從句中常用虛擬語氣表示建議、要求或命令。但當(dāng) insist 表示堅(jiān)稱;主張時(shí),賓語從句要用陳述語氣;當(dāng) suggest 表示表明;暗示時(shí),賓語從句也要用陳述語氣。如:
She insisted that she had seen a thief climb into the house through the window.
她堅(jiān)持說她曾看見一個(gè)小偷從窗口爬進(jìn)了房間。
The smile on his face suggested that he had passed the exam.
他臉上的微笑表明他已通過了考試。
10. 在 as if / as though 引導(dǎo)的狀語從句表示的是非真實(shí)情況時(shí),從句的謂語動(dòng)詞要用過去時(shí)或過去完成時(shí)。如:
She talked about the film as if she had really seen it.
她談?wù)撃遣坑捌秃孟袼_實(shí)看過一樣。
安徽梁靜淵
淺談虛擬語氣的特殊用法
1. 當(dāng)虛擬條件從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞和主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí),主句和從句的謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)根據(jù)實(shí)際的時(shí)間選用適當(dāng)?shù)膭?dòng)詞形式。如:
If you had earned enough money,you would live a happy life in the future.
如果你已掙了足夠的錢,你今后就會(huì)過上幸福的生活。
(從句與過去事實(shí)相反,謂語動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí);主句與將來事實(shí)相反,謂語動(dòng)詞用 would/should/could/might+ 動(dòng)詞原形。)
2. 在虛擬語氣中,有時(shí)假設(shè)的情況并不是以條件狀語從句的形式表示,而是通過相應(yīng)的介詞或連詞來表示,如 without, but for, or, but, otherwise 等。如:
But for your help,we couldnt have finished the task in time. (= If you hadnt helped us tomorrow)
要不是你的幫助,我們就不會(huì)按時(shí)完成任務(wù)。
3. 在 if 引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句中,如果條件狀語從句位于句首,且從句中含有 were, had 或 should ,則可以省略 if ,并用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。如:
Should it rain tomorrow,we would have to stay at home. (= If it should rain tomorrow)
如果明天下雨,我們就得呆在家里。
4. 如果主句中含有 would rather, would as soon, would sooner 或 would prefer ,則從句要用過去時(shí)表示當(dāng)時(shí)或?qū)淼那闆r,用過去完成時(shí)表示過去的情況,表達(dá)希望或婉轉(zhuǎn)的責(zé)備。如:
I would prefer he worked hard.
我倒希望他能夠努力學(xué)習(xí)。
I would just as soon you had returned the book yesterday.
我真希望你昨天把這本書還了。
5. 在 Its (high/ about) time + that 從句中, that 從句的謂語動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語氣,表示是該的時(shí)候了,其形式為一般過去時(shí)或 should + 動(dòng)詞原形,但 should 不能省略。如:
Its time that we began our meeting.
是該開會(huì)的時(shí)候了。
It is high time that we should tell him the truth.
是我們?cè)摳嬖V他真相的時(shí)候了。
6. 在表示建議、命令、要求、堅(jiān)持( suggest , order , demand , propose , request , command , insist )等相關(guān)的名詞性從句中,謂語動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語氣 (should) + 動(dòng)詞原形。如:
The order that we should reach the small village before daybreak came just now.
要求我們?cè)谔炝林摆s到小村莊的命令剛剛下達(dá)。(同位語從句)
The suggestion is that we (should) recite a passage each day.
建議是我們每天應(yīng)背誦一篇短文。(表語從句)
It is demanded that we (should) get everything ready by tonight.
我們被要求今晚之前把一切都準(zhǔn)備好。(主語從句)
7. 在 It is + 形容詞 + that 從句中,從句的謂語動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語氣 (should) + 動(dòng)詞原形。這類形容詞有 necessary, important, essential, strange, natural 等。如:
It is necessary that he (should)be sent to the hospital at once.
立刻送他進(jìn)醫(yī)院是非常必要的。
8. 由 wish 引起的表示愿望的賓語從句,其謂語要用虛擬語氣。當(dāng) wish 表示的是與現(xiàn)在或當(dāng)時(shí)事實(shí)相反的愿望時(shí),它所引起賓語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞要用一般過去時(shí)或過去進(jìn)行時(shí);當(dāng) wish 表示的是與過去事實(shí)相反的愿望時(shí),它所引起賓語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞要用過去完成時(shí);當(dāng) wish 表示的是將來難以實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望時(shí),它所引起賓語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞要用 would/ should/ could/ might + 動(dòng)詞原形。如:
I wish I had enough money to buy a car.
我希望能有足夠的錢來買一輛小汽車。(表示的是現(xiàn)在)
He whishes he had not lost the chance.
他真希望沒有失去機(jī)會(huì)。(表示的是過去)
I wish I would join the army when I grow up.
我希望長大后能夠參軍。(表示的是將來)
9. 在 insist 和 suggest 后的賓語從句中常用虛擬語氣表示建議、要求或命令。但當(dāng) insist 表示堅(jiān)稱;主張時(shí),賓語從句要用陳述語氣;當(dāng) suggest 表示表明;暗示時(shí),賓語從句也要用陳述語氣。如:
She insisted that she had seen a thief climb into the house through the window.
她堅(jiān)持說她曾看見一個(gè)小偷從窗口爬進(jìn)了房間。
The smile on his face suggested that he had passed the exam.
他臉上的微笑表明他已通過了考試。
10. 在 as if / as though 引導(dǎo)的狀語從句表示的是非真實(shí)情況時(shí),從句的謂語動(dòng)詞要用過去時(shí)或過去完成時(shí)。如:
She talked about the film as if she had really seen it.
她談?wù)撃遣坑捌秃孟袼_實(shí)看過一樣。
安徽梁靜淵