北京市東城區2024高考英語閱讀理解學生聯合自選（7）
閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。
Walking down a path through some woods in Georgia, I saw a small pool of water ahead on the path. I angled my direction to go around it on the part of the path that wasn't covered by water or mud. As I reached the pool, I was suddenly attacked!
Yet I did nothing for the attack. It was so unpredictable and from somewhere totally unexpected. I was surprised as well as unhurt though I had been struck four or five times. I backed up a foot and my attacker stopped attacking me. Had I been hurt I wouldn't have found it amusing. And I was laughing. After all, I was being attacked by a butterfly!
Having stopped laughing, I took a step forward. My attacker rushed me again. He charged towards me at full speed, attempting to hurt me but in vain. For a second time, I took a step backwards while my attacker paused. I wasn't sure what to do. After all, it's just not everyday that one is attacked by a butterfly. I stepped back to look the situation over. My attacker moved back to land on the ground. That's when I discovered why my attacker was charging me only moments earlier. He had a mate and she was dying.
Sitting close beside her, he opened and closed his wings as if to fan her. I could only admire the love and courage of that butterfly in his concern for his mate. He had taken it up on himself to attack me for his mate's sake , even though she was clearly dying and I was so large. He did so just to give her those extra few precious moments of life, should I have been careless enough to step on her. His courage in attacking something thousands of times larger and heavier than himself just for his mate's safety seemed admirable. I couldn't do anything other than reward him by walking on the more difficult side of the pool. He had truly earned those moments to be with her, undisturbed.
Since then, I've used that butterfly’s courage as an inspiration and to remind myself that good things are worth fighting for.
51. The writer changed his direction while walking down a path because he want__________.
A. To get close to a butterfly.
B. To escape a sudden attack.
C. To look over the bad situation.
D. To avoid getting his shoes dirty.
52. What made the man feel funny?
A. Making the attacker pause. B. Being stepped on by his mate.
C. Being attacked by a butterfly. D. Discovering the angry butterfly.
53. From this experience the man learned_____.
A. how he should deal with attacks
B. people should protect butterflies
C. how to deal with challenges in his life
D. people should show sympathy to the weak
54. Which of the following words can best describe the butterfly?
A. careless B. amusing C. courageous D. aggressive
【參考答案】51--54 DCCC
閱讀理解
Beijing, April 2----Starting from this year, the Beijing Municipal Health Bureau will begin to promote a home medical service. With this service a medical team which is made up of a doctor, a nurse and a medical health worker will be sent to some communities in the city. They will set up a medical filing recorder for every resident in community and publicize their contact information to them. If people in the community feel sick, they can consult their community doctor first. If community doctors cannot treat their illness, they will then be transferred to large hospitals. Liang Wan, deputy director of the Beijing Municipal Health Bureau, made the statement last Friday .
In addition ,the Beijing Municipal Health Bureau will set up some funds to train home medical service workers for families whose members suffer either from high blood pressure, diabetes,cerebral apoplexy , or coronary heart disease . The home medical service workers will remind patients to take pills on time and lead the patients to follow some health tips in their daily life. They will also learn some practical knowledge to save patients in case of an emergency .
The work will first begin in the medical service room in the 25 community centers and spread to all communities in Beijing. The disease prevention and control centers at various counties and districts in Beijing will be responsible for teaching community doctors and giving home medical service lectures, or advice . These workers will not be able to work until they pass related examination and obtain the work certificates. It is expected that by the end of this year, there will be 10000 home medical service workers in Beijing .
26. Where does a person go to see first if he gets sick according to the passage ?
A. The community clinics.
B. Large hospital .
C. Private clinic .
D. Small hospital .
【答案】A
【解析】細節理解題。根據If people in the community feel sick, they can consult their community doctor first.如果有人病了首先去社區診所看病，故選A。
27. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A.The medical team which is made up of a doctor, a nurse and a medical health worker will set up a medical filing record for every resident.
B. The home medical service workers not only give some healthy suggestions to the patients, but also learn practical knowledge about first aid.
C. Some funds will be provided by Beijing Municipal Health Bureau for home medical service training.
D. The government aims to offer the home medical service for free.
【答案】D
【解析】細節理解題。根據選項ABC短文中都已經提到，短文中沒有提到政府是無償地提供家庭醫療服務，故選D。
28. If you want to work as a home medical worker, you need to _____________.
A. receive the training about medical service.
B. pass related examinations.
C. obtain the work certificates.
D. All the above.
【答案】D
【解析】細節理解題。根據train home medical service workers for families 及These workers will not be able to work until they pass related examination and obtain the work certificates.首先參加專門的培訓，然后通過考試獲得工作資格證書，故選D。
29. What can we learn from the passage?
A. All communities in Beijing have started home medical service.
B. People in Beijing will not easily get ill.
C. Medical service in Beijing will be promoted greatly in the future.
D. The other cities in China should learn from Beijing.
【答案】C
【解析】推理判斷題。根據It is expected that by the end of this year, there will be 10000 home medical service workers in Beijing .在北京的醫療服務將在未來會逐步推廣，故選C。
30. The main purpose of the passage is __________
A. to introduce community service in Beijing.
B. to report home medical service available in Beijing.
C. to provide some efficient treatments for diseases in community.
D. to describe a special medical team in Beijing.
【答案】B
【解析】作者意圖題。根據短文的大意可知報道了北京的家庭醫學服務，故選B。
閱讀理解-------D
The most widespread fallacy（謬論）of all is that colds are caused by cold. They are not. They are caused by viruses passing on from person to person. You catch a cold by coming into contact, directly or indirectly, with someone who already has one. If cold causes colds, it would be reasonable to expect the Eskimos to suffer from them forever. But they do not. And in isolated arctic regions explorers have reported people are free from colds until they come into contact again with infected people from the outside world by way of packages and mails dropped from airplanes.
During the First World War soldiers who spent long periods in the trenches（戰壕）, cold and wet, showed no increased tendency to catch colds.
In the Second World War prisoners at the Auschwitz concentration camp, naked and starving, were astonished to find that they seldom had colds. At the Common Cold Research Unit in England, volunteers took part in experiments in which they gave themselves to the discomforts of being cold and wet for long stretches of time. After taking hot baths, they put on bathing suits, allowed themselves to be with cold water, and then stood about dripping wet in a drafty（通風良好的）room. Some wore wet socks all day while others exercised in the rain until close to exhaustion. Not one of the volunteers came down with a cold unless a cold virus was actually dropped in his nose.
If, then, cold and wet have nothing to do with catching colds, why are they more frequent in the winter？Despite the most pains-taking research, no one has yet found the answer. One explanation offered by scientists is that people tend to stay together indoors more in cold weather than at other times, and this makes it easier for cold viruses to be passed on.
31. The writer offered _______ examples to support his argument.
A. 4
B. 5
C. 6
D. 7
【答案】B
【解析】細節理解題。根據根據由第 2 段的兩個例子、第 3 段的 1 個例子和第 4 段的兩個例子可知 B 為正確選項。
32. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. The Eskimos suffer from colds from time to time.
B. Colds are not always caused by cold.
C. People suffer from colds just because they like to stay indoors.
D. A person may catch a cold by touching someone who already has one.
【答案】D
【解析】細節理解題。根據根據 One explanation offered by scientists is that people tend to stay together indoors more in cold weather than at other times， and this makes it easier for cold viruses to be passed on 可知人們得感冒不是因為喜歡呆在家里，而是因為經常呆在一起病毒更容易感染，故選 D。
33. Arctic explorers may catch colds when they are _______.
A. working in the isolated arctic regions
B. writing reports in terribly cold weather
C. free from work in the isolated arctic regions
D. coming into touch again with the outside world
【答案】D
【解析】細節理解題。根據And in isolated arctic regions explorers have reported being free from colds until coming into contact again with infected people from the outside world by way of packages and mail dropped from airplanes 可知北極地區探險者是因為與外界接觸后才得感冒的，故選 D。
34. Volunteers taking part in the experiments in the Common Cold Research Unit _______.
A. suffered a lot
B. never caught colds
C. often caught colds
D. became very strong
【答案】A
【解析】細節理解題。根據After taking hot baths， they put on bathing suits， allowed themselves to be with cold water， and then stood about dripping wet in drafty room. Some wore wet socks all day while others exercised in the rain until close to exhaustion 可知志愿者要遭受極大的痛苦，故選A。
35. The passage mainly discusses _______.
A. the experiments on the common cold
B. the fallacy about the common cold
C. the reason and the way people catch colds D. the continued spread of common colds
【答案】C
【解析】主旨大意題。根據閱讀全文可知本文首先用大量事例從不同的側面分析感冒不是由寒冷引起的，最后提出冬天得感冒的可能原因。由此可知 C 為正確答案。
閱讀理解
I always avoid going on field investigations with the toxics (毒物’s absolutely necessary. It’s not that I mind the hard work, or am afraid of coming into contact with toxic substances. What I fear is quickly losing hope about the work I do.
However, doing field research with the toxics team, all I see and feel is filth—nothing else. Even if I close my eyes, I can smell the smell of food processing, rotting organic waste from paper mills and chemicals from clothing manufacturers.
One morning, I went to investigate a discharged pipe to document and collect samples of pollutants secretly being emitted by a textile mill. I had to work with the utmost secrecy in order to avoid being discovered by the textile mill.
I dipped a long measuring pole into the large polluting pipe to measure the volume of polluted water being emitted. But the surface of the water, covered in oil and filth, made me feel as if to vomit.
All of a sudden, I felt someone hit me on my back. It frightened me so much that I almost fell into the water. I grasped the pole and looked behind me to see an old man standing there. He asked:“Can you catch fish here?”I realized that he thought I was holding a fishing pole, so I kept calm and said: “Yes, I heard that there’s a kind of small fish living in this water, and it has medicinal benefits.”
The old man grew quite curious and replied:“That may be. If a fish can survive in water as dirty as this , it must have a lot of resistance. So it wouldn’t be too strange if such fish had medicinal benefits.”
It was clear he was just passing by, so I answered:“Yeah, survival of the fittest. Fish that adapt can survive, just like us humans.”
He kept talking to me and didn’t want to leave. He wanted to see whether or not I would catch the small fish with medicinal benefits.
71. The text is mainly about
A. a research report about pollution
B. an exciting experience of fishing
C. an experience of doing research on pollution
D. an unforgettable talk with an old man
72. Which word can take place of the underlined word in the 2nd paragraph?
A. fish
B. textile
C. water
D. pollutants
73. What is the writer of the text most probably?
A. A newspaper reporter.
B. A researcher about pollution.
C. A fisherman.
D. A worker of the textile mill.
74. Why did the writer tell the old man he was fishing?
A. Because he wanted to satisfy the old man’s curiosity
B. Because the old man was interested in fishing too
C. Because he did the research secretly
D. Because the old man wanted to buy the fish
75. We can infer from the last paragraph that
A. the old man had found out the secret
B. the old man wanted to catch the fish by himself
C. the writer would have to tell the old man the fact
D. the old man was sent to watch over the writer
【答案】71-75 CDBCC
閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。
Walking down a path through some woods in Georgia, I saw a small pool of water ahead on the path. I angled my direction to go around it on the part of the path that wasn't covered by water or mud. As I reached the pool, I was suddenly attacked!
Yet I did nothing for the attack. It was so unpredictable and from somewhere totally unexpected. I was surprised as well as unhurt though I had been struck four or five times. I backed up a foot and my attacker stopped attacking me. Had I been hurt I wouldn't have found it amusing. And I was laughing. After all, I was being attacked by a butterfly!
Having stopped laughing, I took a step forward. My attacker rushed me again. He charged towards me at full speed, attempting to hurt me but in vain. For a second time, I took a step backwards while my attacker paused. I wasn't sure what to do. After all, it's just not everyday that one is attacked by a butterfly. I stepped back to look the situation over. My attacker moved back to land on the ground. That's when I discovered why my attacker was charging me only moments earlier. He had a mate and she was dying.
Sitting close beside her, he opened and closed his wings as if to fan her. I could only admire the love and courage of that butterfly in his concern for his mate. He had taken it up on himself to attack me for his mate's sake , even though she was clearly dying and I was so large. He did so just to give her those extra few precious moments of life, should I have been careless enough to step on her. His courage in attacking something thousands of times larger and heavier than himself just for his mate's safety seemed admirable. I couldn't do anything other than reward him by walking on the more difficult side of the pool. He had truly earned those moments to be with her, undisturbed.
Since then, I've used that butterfly’s courage as an inspiration and to remind myself that good things are worth fighting for.
51. The writer changed his direction while walking down a path because he want__________.
A. To get close to a butterfly.
B. To escape a sudden attack.
C. To look over the bad situation.
D. To avoid getting his shoes dirty.
52. What made the man feel funny?
A. Making the attacker pause. B. Being stepped on by his mate.
C. Being attacked by a butterfly. D. Discovering the angry butterfly.
53. From this experience the man learned_____.
A. how he should deal with attacks
B. people should protect butterflies
C. how to deal with challenges in his life
D. people should show sympathy to the weak
54. Which of the following words can best describe the butterfly?
A. careless B. amusing C. courageous D. aggressive
【參考答案】51--54 DCCC
閱讀理解
Beijing, April 2----Starting from this year, the Beijing Municipal Health Bureau will begin to promote a home medical service. With this service a medical team which is made up of a doctor, a nurse and a medical health worker will be sent to some communities in the city. They will set up a medical filing recorder for every resident in community and publicize their contact information to them. If people in the community feel sick, they can consult their community doctor first. If community doctors cannot treat their illness, they will then be transferred to large hospitals. Liang Wan, deputy director of the Beijing Municipal Health Bureau, made the statement last Friday .
In addition ,the Beijing Municipal Health Bureau will set up some funds to train home medical service workers for families whose members suffer either from high blood pressure, diabetes,cerebral apoplexy , or coronary heart disease . The home medical service workers will remind patients to take pills on time and lead the patients to follow some health tips in their daily life. They will also learn some practical knowledge to save patients in case of an emergency .
The work will first begin in the medical service room in the 25 community centers and spread to all communities in Beijing. The disease prevention and control centers at various counties and districts in Beijing will be responsible for teaching community doctors and giving home medical service lectures, or advice . These workers will not be able to work until they pass related examination and obtain the work certificates. It is expected that by the end of this year, there will be 10000 home medical service workers in Beijing .
26. Where does a person go to see first if he gets sick according to the passage ?
A. The community clinics.
B. Large hospital .
C. Private clinic .
D. Small hospital .
【答案】A
【解析】細節理解題。根據If people in the community feel sick, they can consult their community doctor first.如果有人病了首先去社區診所看病，故選A。
27. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A.The medical team which is made up of a doctor, a nurse and a medical health worker will set up a medical filing record for every resident.
B. The home medical service workers not only give some healthy suggestions to the patients, but also learn practical knowledge about first aid.
C. Some funds will be provided by Beijing Municipal Health Bureau for home medical service training.
D. The government aims to offer the home medical service for free.
【答案】D
【解析】細節理解題。根據選項ABC短文中都已經提到，短文中沒有提到政府是無償地提供家庭醫療服務，故選D。
28. If you want to work as a home medical worker, you need to _____________.
A. receive the training about medical service.
B. pass related examinations.
C. obtain the work certificates.
D. All the above.
【答案】D
【解析】細節理解題。根據train home medical service workers for families 及These workers will not be able to work until they pass related examination and obtain the work certificates.首先參加專門的培訓，然后通過考試獲得工作資格證書，故選D。
29. What can we learn from the passage?
A. All communities in Beijing have started home medical service.
B. People in Beijing will not easily get ill.
C. Medical service in Beijing will be promoted greatly in the future.
D. The other cities in China should learn from Beijing.
【答案】C
【解析】推理判斷題。根據It is expected that by the end of this year, there will be 10000 home medical service workers in Beijing .在北京的醫療服務將在未來會逐步推廣，故選C。
30. The main purpose of the passage is __________
A. to introduce community service in Beijing.
B. to report home medical service available in Beijing.
C. to provide some efficient treatments for diseases in community.
D. to describe a special medical team in Beijing.
【答案】B
【解析】作者意圖題。根據短文的大意可知報道了北京的家庭醫學服務，故選B。
閱讀理解-------D
The most widespread fallacy（謬論）of all is that colds are caused by cold. They are not. They are caused by viruses passing on from person to person. You catch a cold by coming into contact, directly or indirectly, with someone who already has one. If cold causes colds, it would be reasonable to expect the Eskimos to suffer from them forever. But they do not. And in isolated arctic regions explorers have reported people are free from colds until they come into contact again with infected people from the outside world by way of packages and mails dropped from airplanes.
During the First World War soldiers who spent long periods in the trenches（戰壕）, cold and wet, showed no increased tendency to catch colds.
In the Second World War prisoners at the Auschwitz concentration camp, naked and starving, were astonished to find that they seldom had colds. At the Common Cold Research Unit in England, volunteers took part in experiments in which they gave themselves to the discomforts of being cold and wet for long stretches of time. After taking hot baths, they put on bathing suits, allowed themselves to be with cold water, and then stood about dripping wet in a drafty（通風良好的）room. Some wore wet socks all day while others exercised in the rain until close to exhaustion. Not one of the volunteers came down with a cold unless a cold virus was actually dropped in his nose.
If, then, cold and wet have nothing to do with catching colds, why are they more frequent in the winter？Despite the most pains-taking research, no one has yet found the answer. One explanation offered by scientists is that people tend to stay together indoors more in cold weather than at other times, and this makes it easier for cold viruses to be passed on.
31. The writer offered _______ examples to support his argument.
A. 4
B. 5
C. 6
D. 7
【答案】B
【解析】細節理解題。根據根據由第 2 段的兩個例子、第 3 段的 1 個例子和第 4 段的兩個例子可知 B 為正確選項。
32. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. The Eskimos suffer from colds from time to time.
B. Colds are not always caused by cold.
C. People suffer from colds just because they like to stay indoors.
D. A person may catch a cold by touching someone who already has one.
【答案】D
【解析】細節理解題。根據根據 One explanation offered by scientists is that people tend to stay together indoors more in cold weather than at other times， and this makes it easier for cold viruses to be passed on 可知人們得感冒不是因為喜歡呆在家里，而是因為經常呆在一起病毒更容易感染，故選 D。
33. Arctic explorers may catch colds when they are _______.
A. working in the isolated arctic regions
B. writing reports in terribly cold weather
C. free from work in the isolated arctic regions
D. coming into touch again with the outside world
【答案】D
【解析】細節理解題。根據And in isolated arctic regions explorers have reported being free from colds until coming into contact again with infected people from the outside world by way of packages and mail dropped from airplanes 可知北極地區探險者是因為與外界接觸后才得感冒的，故選 D。
34. Volunteers taking part in the experiments in the Common Cold Research Unit _______.
A. suffered a lot
B. never caught colds
C. often caught colds
D. became very strong
【答案】A
【解析】細節理解題。根據After taking hot baths， they put on bathing suits， allowed themselves to be with cold water， and then stood about dripping wet in drafty room. Some wore wet socks all day while others exercised in the rain until close to exhaustion 可知志愿者要遭受極大的痛苦，故選A。
35. The passage mainly discusses _______.
A. the experiments on the common cold
B. the fallacy about the common cold
C. the reason and the way people catch colds D. the continued spread of common colds
【答案】C
【解析】主旨大意題。根據閱讀全文可知本文首先用大量事例從不同的側面分析感冒不是由寒冷引起的，最后提出冬天得感冒的可能原因。由此可知 C 為正確答案。
閱讀理解
I always avoid going on field investigations with the toxics (毒物’s absolutely necessary. It’s not that I mind the hard work, or am afraid of coming into contact with toxic substances. What I fear is quickly losing hope about the work I do.
However, doing field research with the toxics team, all I see and feel is filth—nothing else. Even if I close my eyes, I can smell the smell of food processing, rotting organic waste from paper mills and chemicals from clothing manufacturers.
One morning, I went to investigate a discharged pipe to document and collect samples of pollutants secretly being emitted by a textile mill. I had to work with the utmost secrecy in order to avoid being discovered by the textile mill.
I dipped a long measuring pole into the large polluting pipe to measure the volume of polluted water being emitted. But the surface of the water, covered in oil and filth, made me feel as if to vomit.
All of a sudden, I felt someone hit me on my back. It frightened me so much that I almost fell into the water. I grasped the pole and looked behind me to see an old man standing there. He asked:“Can you catch fish here?”I realized that he thought I was holding a fishing pole, so I kept calm and said: “Yes, I heard that there’s a kind of small fish living in this water, and it has medicinal benefits.”
The old man grew quite curious and replied:“That may be. If a fish can survive in water as dirty as this , it must have a lot of resistance. So it wouldn’t be too strange if such fish had medicinal benefits.”
It was clear he was just passing by, so I answered:“Yeah, survival of the fittest. Fish that adapt can survive, just like us humans.”
He kept talking to me and didn’t want to leave. He wanted to see whether or not I would catch the small fish with medicinal benefits.
71. The text is mainly about
A. a research report about pollution
B. an exciting experience of fishing
C. an experience of doing research on pollution
D. an unforgettable talk with an old man
72. Which word can take place of the underlined word in the 2nd paragraph?
A. fish
B. textile
C. water
D. pollutants
73. What is the writer of the text most probably?
A. A newspaper reporter.
B. A researcher about pollution.
C. A fisherman.
D. A worker of the textile mill.
74. Why did the writer tell the old man he was fishing?
A. Because he wanted to satisfy the old man’s curiosity
B. Because the old man was interested in fishing too
C. Because he did the research secretly
D. Because the old man wanted to buy the fish
75. We can infer from the last paragraph that
A. the old man had found out the secret
B. the old man wanted to catch the fish by himself
C. the writer would have to tell the old man the fact
D. the old man was sent to watch over the writer
【答案】71-75 CDBCC
