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2024屆廣東省廣州市高考英語一輪復習試題精選:單項填空(情態動詞與虛擬語氣)(含解析)

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2024屆廣東省廣州市高考英語一輪復習試題精選:單項填空(情態動詞與虛擬語氣)(含解析)

  情態動詞與虛擬語氣

  一、考點解讀

  情態動詞與虛擬語氣有千絲萬縷的聯系,它們往往放在一起考查。在近年高考試題中,對情態動詞的考查幾乎每年都有。縱觀近幾年的高考試題可以看出,高考對情態動詞的考查熱點主要包括:

  1. 準確把握情態動詞表允許、推測、判斷等用法。

  2. 準確把握情態動詞在虛擬語氣結構中的使用。

  3. wish, as if/though, if only, would rather+從句, It's time+從句等句型中的虛擬語氣。

  4. 表示“堅持、命令、建議、要求”的詞匯后及各類從句中的虛擬語氣。

  5. 虛擬語氣在條件狀語從句中的倒裝。

  二、題例精講

  ()1. They________ have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.

  A.will

  B.can

  C.must

  D.should

  【解析】 D 考查情態動詞的用法。should have done表達“本應該做……然而沒有做成……”。C項有一定的干擾性,must have done sth表示“肯定做了某事”。

  ()2.If you________

  smoke,please go outside.

  A.can

  B.should

  C.must

  D.may

  【解析】 C 考查情態動詞。must在這里表示“偏偏,非要”的意思。結合句意:如果你非要吸煙的話,請到外面去。所以選C。can表示“能力”;should表示“應當”;may表示“可能”。

  ()3.—I don't really like James. Why did you invite him?

  —Don't worry. He

  ________

  come. He said he wasn't certain what his plans were.

  A.must not

  B.need not

  C.would not

  D.might not

  【解析】 D 考查情態動詞。由后面的“not certain (不確定的)what his plans were”可以看出,他可能不來,所以選D。A項表示“不準,禁止”;B項表示“沒必要”;C項不符合時態要求。

  ()4. —Where are the children? The dinner's going to be completely ruined.

  —I wish they________

  always late.

  A. weren't

  B. hadn't been

  C. wouldn't be

  D. wouldn't have been

  【解析】 A 考查虛擬語氣。由第一個人所說的話可以看出,他擔心孩子們來了會把準備好的晚餐給破壞了,由此可以看出,第二句wish 后是對現在或將來的虛擬,用一般過去時即可。

  ()5. I ________ sooner but I didn't know that they were waiting for me.

  A. had come

  B. was coming

  C. would come

  D. would have come

  【解析】 D 考查虛擬語氣。由but 后的句子可知是對過去情況的虛擬,所以應該用would have done 結構。句意為:我該早來一會兒的,但是我不知道他們在等我。

  ()6.—Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now?

  —I am afraid you________, in case he comes late for the meeting.

  A. will

  B. must

  C. may

  D. can

  【解析】 B 考查情態動詞。根據問題“要我馬上告知他計劃的改變嗎?”可知答句為“恐怕你必須如此,以防他開會遲到”。

  ()7.—How's your new babysitter?

  —We ________ ask for a better one. All our kids love her so much.

  A.should

  B.might

  C. mustn't

  D.couldn't

  【解析】 D 考查情態動詞。根據句意“你們的新保姆怎么樣?”“我們不能再要求更好的了,孩子們都很喜歡她。”這里couldn't表示“不能……”,符合句意。should表示“應該,應當”;might表示“可能”;mustn't表示“禁止,不允許”。

  ()8. The police still haven't found the lost child, but they're doing all they

  ________.

  A.can

  B.may

  C.must

  D.should

  【解析】 A 考查情態動詞。can表能力。do all (that) one can意為“竭盡全力”。句意為:“雖然警察仍未找到那個失蹤的孩子,但他們正竭盡所能。”

  ()9.—Why didn't you come to Simon's party last night?

  —I wanted to, but my mom simply ________ not let me out so late at night.

  A.could

  B.might

  C.would

  D.should

  【解析】 C 考查情態動詞。答語句意:我本來想去,但母親偏不讓我深夜外出。would用于否定句中,表示“不肯,總是不”。

  ()10.I________ through that bitter period without your generous help.

  A.couldn't have gone

  B.didn't go

  C.wouldn't go

  D.hadn't gone

  【解析】 A 考查情態動詞。所填部分表示對過去發生過的動作進行猜測,應用“情態動詞+ have done”句型,couldn't have done表示“過去本不可能做……(但做了)”,符合題意。

  ()11.—No one

  ________ be compared

  with Yao Ming in playing basketball.

  —Oh, you are really his big fan.

  A.can

  B.need

  C.must

  D.might

  【解析】 A 考查情態動詞。句意為:“在打籃球方面沒有人能與姚明相比。”“呵,你真是他的粉絲。”根據句意可判斷選A。

  ()12. If you ________

  go, at least wait until the storm is over.

  A.can

  B.may

  C.must

  D.will

  【解析】 C 考查情態動詞。根據句意“如果你________走,至少要等到暴風雨停下來吧。”對比四個情態動詞can“能夠,可能”,may“可能”,must“必須,一定”及will“將要”可知答案為C。

  ()13. It ________ be the postman at the door. It's only six o'clock.

  A.mustn't

  B.can't

  C.won't

  D.needn't

  【解析】 B 考查情態動詞的用法。句意為:在門口的不可能是郵遞員,現在僅僅六點鐘。A項“禁止”;B項“不可能”;C項“將不會”;D項“不必”。根據句意和語境答案為B。

  三、試題模擬

  ()1.When we worked in the same firm several years ago, we________ often go to the cinema together.

  A. would

  B. will

  C. shall

  D. could

  【解析】 A 考查情態動詞。句意:當幾年前我們在同一家公司工作時,我們常常一起去電影院。would在這里表示(過去)常常。

  ()2.—Where is Lucy?

  —I can't say where she is, but she ________ have gone to meet her classmates, for they want to go to Sichuan to work as volunteers.

  A.can

  B.should

  C.must

  D.may

  【解析】 D 考查情態動詞。這里表示對過去狀況的推斷,用“情態動詞+have done”。從前面的“我不確定她在哪里”可知,用may have done,表示“過去可能已經了……”(不確定)。must have done表示“過去一定做了……”(非常確定);can have done用在此處不合適,should have done表示“過去本該做……(實際卻沒做)”。

  ()3.You

  ________ get a new bicycle as a reward for doing well in the following final exam.

  A.must

  B.will

  C.shall

  D.should

  【解析】 C 考查情態動詞。句意:你在接下來的期末考試中取得好成績的話,會得到一輛自行車作為獎勵。根據句意可知,此處要用表示許諾的情態動詞shall。

  ()4.Had you listened to me, you________ in trouble now.

  A. are not

  B. be not

  C.would not be

  D. would not have been

  【解析】 C 考查虛擬語氣。虛擬語氣中, 從句是表示與過去事實相反的假設, 主句表示現在可能會出現的狀況, 主句中常常加now, today等時間狀語, 這時主句謂語動詞應該用“would/should/could/might+動詞原形”。句意:你要是早聽我的話, 現在你就不會遇到這么大的麻煩了。

  ()5.I ________ you my bicycle, but I didn't expect you would come back so soon.

  A.might lend

  B.may lend

  C.must have lent

  D.might have lent

  【解析】 D 考查虛擬語氣。句意為:我本可以把自行車借給你的,但是我沒有想到你會這么快就回來了。might have done表示本可以做某事而實際上沒有做。

  ()6.The order came that the medical supplies

  ________

  to Beijing for the H1N1 flu soon.

  A.would be sent

  B.should send

  C.be sent

  D.must be sent

  【解析】 C 考查虛擬語氣。當表示愿望、請求、建議、命令等意義的動詞(如order,suggest,command等)后面接從句時,從句用虛擬語氣,從句謂語用should+do,should可以省略。故選C。

  ()7.—If you

  ________

  to my birthday party last Saturday, you would have met our old friend Jim.

  —I caught a cold because I had been walking around in the rain.

  A.came

  B.had come

  C.would come

  D.would have come

  【解析】 B 考查虛擬語氣。從語意分析,這是非真實條件句中對過去狀況的虛擬,主句謂語用should/would/could/might have done,條件句用過去完成時態,答案應該選B項。

  ()8.—Thank you for reminding me of the time, or I ________ late yesterday.

  —Don't mention it.

  A.should be

  B.would be

  C.will have been D.would have been

  【解析】 D 考查虛擬語氣。從語境可知說話人是在談論昨天的事,因此要使用情態動詞would+完成式。

  ()9.Without the help of my English teacher, I ________

  the first prize in the English Speaking Competition.

  A.would win

  B.would have won

  C.would not win

  D.would not have won

  【解析】 D 考查虛擬語氣。這是一個隱含的虛擬條件句,含有if my English teacher hadn't helped me with my spoken English之意,表示與過去的事實相反,故用與過去相反的虛擬語氣,因此D項符合題意。

  ()10.The purpose of education ________ be to provide students with a value system—not to prepare them for a specific job.

  A.will

  B.should

  C.could

  D.may

  【解析】 B 考查情態動詞辨析。句意:教育的目的應該是為學生提供一套價值觀,而不是讓他們為從事某一項特定的工作做好準備。情態動詞should表示“應該”,合乎語境。

  情態動詞與虛擬語氣

  一、考點解讀

  情態動詞與虛擬語氣有千絲萬縷的聯系,它們往往放在一起考查。在近年高考試題中,對情態動詞的考查幾乎每年都有。縱觀近幾年的高考試題可以看出,高考對情態動詞的考查熱點主要包括:

  1. 準確把握情態動詞表允許、推測、判斷等用法。

  2. 準確把握情態動詞在虛擬語氣結構中的使用。

  3. wish, as if/though, if only, would rather+從句, It's time+從句等句型中的虛擬語氣。

  4. 表示“堅持、命令、建議、要求”的詞匯后及各類從句中的虛擬語氣。

  5. 虛擬語氣在條件狀語從句中的倒裝。

  二、題例精講

  ()1. They________ have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.

  A.will

  B.can

  C.must

  D.should

  【解析】 D 考查情態動詞的用法。should have done表達“本應該做……然而沒有做成……”。C項有一定的干擾性,must have done sth表示“肯定做了某事”。

  ()2.If you________

  smoke,please go outside.

  A.can

  B.should

  C.must

  D.may

  【解析】 C 考查情態動詞。must在這里表示“偏偏,非要”的意思。結合句意:如果你非要吸煙的話,請到外面去。所以選C。can表示“能力”;should表示“應當”;may表示“可能”。

  ()3.—I don't really like James. Why did you invite him?

  —Don't worry. He

  ________

  come. He said he wasn't certain what his plans were.

  A.must not

  B.need not

  C.would not

  D.might not

  【解析】 D 考查情態動詞。由后面的“not certain (不確定的)what his plans were”可以看出,他可能不來,所以選D。A項表示“不準,禁止”;B項表示“沒必要”;C項不符合時態要求。

  ()4. —Where are the children? The dinner's going to be completely ruined.

  —I wish they________

  always late.

  A. weren't

  B. hadn't been

  C. wouldn't be

  D. wouldn't have been

  【解析】 A 考查虛擬語氣。由第一個人所說的話可以看出,他擔心孩子們來了會把準備好的晚餐給破壞了,由此可以看出,第二句wish 后是對現在或將來的虛擬,用一般過去時即可。

  ()5. I ________ sooner but I didn't know that they were waiting for me.

  A. had come

  B. was coming

  C. would come

  D. would have come

  【解析】 D 考查虛擬語氣。由but 后的句子可知是對過去情況的虛擬,所以應該用would have done 結構。句意為:我該早來一會兒的,但是我不知道他們在等我。

  ()6.—Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now?

  —I am afraid you________, in case he comes late for the meeting.

  A. will

  B. must

  C. may

  D. can

  【解析】 B 考查情態動詞。根據問題“要我馬上告知他計劃的改變嗎?”可知答句為“恐怕你必須如此,以防他開會遲到”。

  ()7.—How's your new babysitter?

  —We ________ ask for a better one. All our kids love her so much.

  A.should

  B.might

  C. mustn't

  D.couldn't

  【解析】 D 考查情態動詞。根據句意“你們的新保姆怎么樣?”“我們不能再要求更好的了,孩子們都很喜歡她。”這里couldn't表示“不能……”,符合句意。should表示“應該,應當”;might表示“可能”;mustn't表示“禁止,不允許”。

  ()8. The police still haven't found the lost child, but they're doing all they

  ________.

  A.can

  B.may

  C.must

  D.should

  【解析】 A 考查情態動詞。can表能力。do all (that) one can意為“竭盡全力”。句意為:“雖然警察仍未找到那個失蹤的孩子,但他們正竭盡所能。”

  ()9.—Why didn't you come to Simon's party last night?

  —I wanted to, but my mom simply ________ not let me out so late at night.

  A.could

  B.might

  C.would

  D.should

  【解析】 C 考查情態動詞。答語句意:我本來想去,但母親偏不讓我深夜外出。would用于否定句中,表示“不肯,總是不”。

  ()10.I________ through that bitter period without your generous help.

  A.couldn't have gone

  B.didn't go

  C.wouldn't go

  D.hadn't gone

  【解析】 A 考查情態動詞。所填部分表示對過去發生過的動作進行猜測,應用“情態動詞+ have done”句型,couldn't have done表示“過去本不可能做……(但做了)”,符合題意。

  ()11.—No one

  ________ be compared

  with Yao Ming in playing basketball.

  —Oh, you are really his big fan.

  A.can

  B.need

  C.must

  D.might

  【解析】 A 考查情態動詞。句意為:“在打籃球方面沒有人能與姚明相比。”“呵,你真是他的粉絲。”根據句意可判斷選A。

  ()12. If you ________

  go, at least wait until the storm is over.

  A.can

  B.may

  C.must

  D.will

  【解析】 C 考查情態動詞。根據句意“如果你________走,至少要等到暴風雨停下來吧。”對比四個情態動詞can“能夠,可能”,may“可能”,must“必須,一定”及will“將要”可知答案為C。

  ()13. It ________ be the postman at the door. It's only six o'clock.

  A.mustn't

  B.can't

  C.won't

  D.needn't

  【解析】 B 考查情態動詞的用法。句意為:在門口的不可能是郵遞員,現在僅僅六點鐘。A項“禁止”;B項“不可能”;C項“將不會”;D項“不必”。根據句意和語境答案為B。

  三、試題模擬

  ()1.When we worked in the same firm several years ago, we________ often go to the cinema together.

  A. would

  B. will

  C. shall

  D. could

  【解析】 A 考查情態動詞。句意:當幾年前我們在同一家公司工作時,我們常常一起去電影院。would在這里表示(過去)常常。

  ()2.—Where is Lucy?

  —I can't say where she is, but she ________ have gone to meet her classmates, for they want to go to Sichuan to work as volunteers.

  A.can

  B.should

  C.must

  D.may

  【解析】 D 考查情態動詞。這里表示對過去狀況的推斷,用“情態動詞+have done”。從前面的“我不確定她在哪里”可知,用may have done,表示“過去可能已經了……”(不確定)。must have done表示“過去一定做了……”(非常確定);can have done用在此處不合適,should have done表示“過去本該做……(實際卻沒做)”。

  ()3.You

  ________ get a new bicycle as a reward for doing well in the following final exam.

  A.must

  B.will

  C.shall

  D.should

  【解析】 C 考查情態動詞。句意:你在接下來的期末考試中取得好成績的話,會得到一輛自行車作為獎勵。根據句意可知,此處要用表示許諾的情態動詞shall。

  ()4.Had you listened to me, you________ in trouble now.

  A. are not

  B. be not

  C.would not be

  D. would not have been

  【解析】 C 考查虛擬語氣。虛擬語氣中, 從句是表示與過去事實相反的假設, 主句表示現在可能會出現的狀況, 主句中常常加now, today等時間狀語, 這時主句謂語動詞應該用“would/should/could/might+動詞原形”。句意:你要是早聽我的話, 現在你就不會遇到這么大的麻煩了。

  ()5.I ________ you my bicycle, but I didn't expect you would come back so soon.

  A.might lend

  B.may lend

  C.must have lent

  D.might have lent

  【解析】 D 考查虛擬語氣。句意為:我本可以把自行車借給你的,但是我沒有想到你會這么快就回來了。might have done表示本可以做某事而實際上沒有做。

  ()6.The order came that the medical supplies

  ________

  to Beijing for the H1N1 flu soon.

  A.would be sent

  B.should send

  C.be sent

  D.must be sent

  【解析】 C 考查虛擬語氣。當表示愿望、請求、建議、命令等意義的動詞(如order,suggest,command等)后面接從句時,從句用虛擬語氣,從句謂語用should+do,should可以省略。故選C。

  ()7.—If you

  ________

  to my birthday party last Saturday, you would have met our old friend Jim.

  —I caught a cold because I had been walking around in the rain.

  A.came

  B.had come

  C.would come

  D.would have come

  【解析】 B 考查虛擬語氣。從語意分析,這是非真實條件句中對過去狀況的虛擬,主句謂語用should/would/could/might have done,條件句用過去完成時態,答案應該選B項。

  ()8.—Thank you for reminding me of the time, or I ________ late yesterday.

  —Don't mention it.

  A.should be

  B.would be

  C.will have been D.would have been

  【解析】 D 考查虛擬語氣。從語境可知說話人是在談論昨天的事,因此要使用情態動詞would+完成式。

  ()9.Without the help of my English teacher, I ________

  the first prize in the English Speaking Competition.

  A.would win

  B.would have won

  C.would not win

  D.would not have won

  【解析】 D 考查虛擬語氣。這是一個隱含的虛擬條件句,含有if my English teacher hadn't helped me with my spoken English之意,表示與過去的事實相反,故用與過去相反的虛擬語氣,因此D項符合題意。

  ()10.The purpose of education ________ be to provide students with a value system—not to prepare them for a specific job.

  A.will

  B.should

  C.could

  D.may

  【解析】 B 考查情態動詞辨析。句意:教育的目的應該是為學生提供一套價值觀,而不是讓他們為從事某一項特定的工作做好準備。情態動詞should表示“應該”,合乎語境。

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