專題十三 閱讀理解

　　2024～2011年各省市高考題

　　考點一　主旨大意與寫作意圖題

　　Passage 1　(2024·新課標全國)

　　話題：房間與身材

　　詞數(shù)：316

　　can make your environment work for you instead of against you.Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan.

　　Open the curtains and turn up the lights.Dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating，for people are often less self－conscious(難為情)when they're in poorly lit places－and so more likely to eat lots of food.If your home doesn't have enough window light

　　Mind the colors.Research suggests warm colors fuel our appetites.In one study，people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room.Warm colors like yellow make food appear more appetizing，while cold colors make us feel less hungry.So when it's time to repaint，go blue.

　　Don't forget the clock－or the radio.People who eat slowly tend to consume about 70 fewer calories(卡路里) per meal than those who rush through their meals.Begin keeping track of the timeown to eat.If you need some help slowing down，turn on relaxing music.It makes you less likely to rush through a meal.

　　Downsize the dishes.Big serving bowls and plates can easily make us fat.We eat about 22 percent more when using a 12－inch plate instead of a 10－inch plate.When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one(攝入) jumps by 14 percent.And we'll pour about 30 percent more liquid into a short

　　【語篇導讀】　這是一篇科普說

　　1.The text is especially helpful for those who care about

　　.

　　A.their home comforts

　　B.their body shape

　　C.house buying

　　D.healthy diets

　　解析　推理判斷題。短文主要說明了飲食與室B。

　　答案　B

　　.

　　A.digest food better

　　B.reduce food intake

　　C.burn more calories

　　D.regain their appetites

　　解析　...people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room.”可知藍色的用餐環(huán)境有助于減少食物攝入量。因此B項正確。

　　答案　B

　　A.Eat quickly.

　　B.Play fast music.

　　C.Use smaller spoons.

　　D.Turn down the lights.

　　解析　事實細節(jié)題。由第四段第二句可知進餐快的人比進餐慢的人每頓飯多消耗70卡路里的熱量。由此可知A項錯誤。由第四段倒數(shù)第二句中的“turn on relaxing music”可知B項不對。而由第二段首句中的“turn up the lights”可知D項也是錯誤的。根據(jù)最后一段“when we choose a large spoon over a smaller one”也可直接推知答案為C。

　　答案　C

　　A.Is Your House Making You Fat?

　　B.Ways of Serving Dinner

　　C.Effects of Self－Consciousness

　　解析　標題歸納題。短文首句即為主題句：房子可能影響住戶的身材。接下來從房子的顏色、室內(nèi)燈光等方面說明了對飲食的影響。用A項作標題既能總括全文又能吸引讀者。

　　答案　A

　　Passage 2　(2024·安徽)

　　話題：家庭團結

　　詞數(shù)：304

　　in unity (團結). To show this, is lesson about family unity stayed with the daughters as they grew up.

　　Helene An and her family own a large restaurant business in California. However, when Helene and her husband Danny left their home in Vietnam in 1975, they didn't have much money. They moved their family to San Francisco. There they joined Danny's mother, Diana, who owned a small Italian sandwich shop. Soon afterwards, Helene and Diana changed the sandwich shop into a small Vietnamese restaurant. The five daughters helped in the restaurant when they were young. However, Helene did not want her daughters to always work in the family business because she thought it was too hard.

　　Eventually the girls all graduated from college and went away to work for themselves, but one by one, the daughters returned to work in the family business. They opened new restaurants in San Francisco and Los Angeles. Even though family members sometimes disagreed with each other, they worked together to make the business successful. Daughter Elisabeth explains, 揙ur mother taught us that to succeed we must have unity, and to have unity we must have peace. Without the strength of the family,

　　there is no business.”

　　Their expanding business became a large corporation in 1996, with three generations of Ans working together. Now the Ans' corporation makes more than $20 million each year. Although they began with a small restaurant, they had big dreams, and they worked together. Now they are a big success.

　　【語篇導讀】　文章通過講述家庭企業(yè)的發(fā)展歷程來強調(diào)家庭團結的重要性。介紹了Helene An和她的丈夫離開越南時他們并不富有。Helene An以筷子為例教育孩子在家庭及事業(yè)中要團結起來只要有夢想一定會成功。

　　.

　　A.the strength of family unity

　　B.the difficulty of growing up

　　C.the advantage of chopsticks

　　D.the best way of giving a lesson

　　解析　句意：海琳把幾支筷子綁在一起來顯示家庭團結的力量。考查細節(jié)理解。由第一段Helene An always told them that there was strength in unity與B項意思相近。

　　答案　A

　　A.started a business in 1975

　　B.left Vietnam without much money

　　C.bought a restaurant in San Francisco

　　D.opened a sandwich shop in Los Angeles

　　解析　考查細節(jié)理解。由they didn't have much money與B項意思相近。

　　答案　B

　　A.They did not finish their college education.

　　B.They could not bear to work in the family business.

　　C.They were influenced by what Helene taught them.

　　D.They were troubled by disagreement among family members.

　　解析　考查推理判斷。由第三段Our mother taught us that to succeed we must have unity可知

　　答案　C

　　h of the following can be the best title for the passage?

　　A.How to Run a Corporation

　　B.Strength Comes from Peace

　　C.How to Achieve a Big Dream

　　D.Family Unity Builds Success

　　解析　考查主旨大意。由文章最后一段可知文章主要講的

　　答案　D

　　Passage 3　(2024·安徽)

　　話題：互聯(lián)網(wǎng)與記憶

　　詞數(shù)：288

　　If you know your computer will save information, why store it in your own personal memory, your brain? Experts are wondering if the Internet is changing what we remember and how.

　　In a recent study, Professor Betsy Sparrow conducted some experiments. She and her research team wanted to know how the Internet is changing memory. In the first experiment, they gave people 40 unimportant facts to type into a computer. The first group of people understood that the computer would save the information. The second group understood that the computer would not save it. Later, the second group remembered the information better. People in the first group knew they could find the information again, so they did not try to remember it.

　　In another experiment, the researchers gave people facts to remember, and told them where to find the information on the computer. The information was in a specific computer folder (文件夾). Surprisingly, people later remembered the folder location (位置) better than the facts. When people use the Internet, the information. Rather, they remember how to find it. This is called “transactive memory (交互記憶)”

　　emories; that is, people are learning how to organize huge quantities of information so that they are able to access it at a later date. This doesn't mean we are becoming either more or less intelligent, but there is no doubt that the way we use memory is changing.

　　【語篇導讀】　該篇介紹了專家們通過實驗了解了互聯(lián)網(wǎng)是如何改變我們記憶內(nèi)容以及方式的但這并不意味著我們是否能變得聰明但毫無疑問的是我們記憶的方式正在改變。

　　.

　　A.introduce the main topic

　　B.show the author's altitude

　　C.describe how to use the Internet.

　　D.explain how to store information

　　解析　考查寫作意圖。由第一段可知作者使用兩個問題是為了引出要討論的話題。

　　答案　A

　　A.The Sparrow's team typed the information into a computer.

　　B.The two groups remembered the information equally well.

　　C.The first group did not try to remember the information.

　　D.The second group did not understand the information.

　　解析　考查細so they did not try to remember it可知。

　　答案　C

　　3.In transactive memory,

　　.

　　A.keep the information in mind

　　B.change the quantity of information

　　C.organize information like a computer

　　D.remember how to find the information

　　解析　考查細節(jié)理解。由第三段Rather, 可知在交互記憶里人們記得如何找到信息。

　　答案　D

　　A.We are using memory differently.

　　B.We are becoming more intelligent.

　　C.We have poorer memories than before.

　　D.We need a better way to access information.

　　解析　考查推理判斷。由第四段but there is no doubt that the way we use memory is changing可知。

　　答案　A

　　Passage 4　(2024·四川)

　　話題：金字塔

　　詞數(shù)：436

　　－ago builders could have attached wooden poles to the stones and rolled then across the sand,

　　“Technically, I think what they're proposing is possible，” physicist Daniel Bonn said.

　　People have long puzzled over how the Egyptians moved such huge rocks.And there's no obvious answer.On average, each of the two million big stones weighed about as much as a large pickup truck.The Egyptians somehow moved the stone blocks to the pyramid site from about one kilometer away.

　　The most popular view is that Egyptian workers slid the blocks along smooth paths.Many scientists suspect workers first would have put the blocks on sleds(滑板).Then they would have dragged them along paths.To make the work easier,

　　fat from cattle.Bonn has now tested this idea by building small sleds and dragging heavy objects over sand.

　　Evidence from the sand supports this idea.Researchers found small amounts of fat, as well as a large amount of stone and the remains of paths.

　　However, physicist Joseph West thinks there might have been a simpler way, who led the new study .West said, 揑 was inspired w hile watching a television program showing how sleds might have helped with pyramid construction.I thought, ‘Why don't they just try rolling the things？’ ” A square could be turned into a rough sort of wheel by attaching wooden poles to its sides,

　　So he tried it.

　　He and his students tied some poles to each of four sides of a 30－kilogram stone block.That action turned the block into somewhat a wheel.Then they placed the block on the ground.

　　ound they could easily roll the block along different kinds of paths.They calculated that rolling the block required about as much force as moving it along a slippery(滑的)path.

　　West hasn't tested his idea on larger blocks，but he thinks rolling has clear advantages over sliding.At least，workers wouldn't have needed to carry cattle fat or water to smooth the paths.

　　【語篇導讀】　本文主要講述的是關于金字塔的建造不同的專家有著不同的見解。這篇文章主要講述了兩種看法。

　　yramid site

　　by

　　.

　　A.rolling them on roads

　　B.pushing them over the sand

　　C.sliding them on smooth paths

　　D.dragging them on some poles

　　解析　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段的

　　The most popular view is that Egyptian workers slid the blocks along smooth paths可知選擇C。

　　答案　C

　　.

　　A.made the paths wet

　　B.made the paths hard

　　C.made the paths wide

　　D.made the paths slippery

　　解析　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第四段的To make the work easier以及下文的either with wet clay or with the fat from cattle可知這樣做是為了讓路更加平滑故選擇D。

　　答案　D

　　A.Rolling the blocks with poles attached.

　　B.Rolling the blocks on wooden wheels.

　　C.Rolling poles to move the blocks.

　　D.Rolling the blocks with fat.

　　解析　代詞指代題。由于是指代詞可知內(nèi)容應該在上文根據(jù)第六段的內(nèi)容可知工人把木料綁在石塊上然后滾動石塊。

　　答案　A

　　A.Because more force is needed for sliding.

　　B.Because rolling work can be done by fewer cattle.

　　C.Because sliding on smooth roads is more dangerous.

　　D.Because less preparation on paths is needed for rolling.

　　解析　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段的 workers wouldn't have needed to carry cattle fat or water to smooth the paths.可知滾動石塊不需要有準備工作故選擇D。

　　答案　D

　　A.An experiment on ways of moving blocks to the pyramid site.

　　B.An application of the method of moving blocks to the pyramid site.

　　C.An argument about different methods of moving blocks to the pyramid site.

　　D.An introduction to a possible new way of moving blocks to the pyramid site.

　　解析　主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知文章主要講述了一種新的把石塊移動到金字塔地址的方法故選擇D。

　　答案　D

　　Passage 5　(2024·天津)

　　話題：社會機器人

　　詞數(shù)：309

　　ots are going to become a lot more common in the next few years.Social robots are about to bring technology to the everyday world in a more humanized way, said Cynthia Breazeal, chief scientist at the robot company Jibo.

　　While household robots today do the normal housework, social robots will be much more like companions than mere tools.For example, these robots will be able to distinguish when someone is happy or sad.This allows them to respond more appropriately to the user.

　　The Jibo robot, arranged to ship later this year, is designed to be a personalized assistant.You can talk to the robot, ask it questions, and make requests for it to perform different tasks.The robot doesn't just deliver general answers to questions; it responds based on what it learns about each individual in the household.It can do things such as reminding an elderly family member to take medicine or taking family photos.

　　Social robots are not just finding their way into the home.They have potential applications in everything from education to health care and are already finding their way into some of these spaces.

　　Fellow Robots is one company bringing social robots to the market.The company's 揙shbot?robot is built to assist customers in a store, which can help the customers find eritems and help guide them to the product's location in the store.It can also speak different languages and make recommendations for different items based on what the customer is shopping for.

　　The more interaction the robot has with humans, the more it learns.But Oshbot, like other social robots, is not intended to replace workers, but to work alongside other employees.揥e hkave technologies to train social robots to do things not for us, but with us，” said Breazeal.

　　【語篇導讀】　本文是一篇說明文主要介紹的是社交機器人未來的發(fā)展情況。無論是在家里或工作場所社交機器人將在未來的幾年中變得更為常見。