專題二　非謂語動詞

　　考點1　非謂語動詞作狀語

　　1．Like ancient sailors，birds can find their way ________ the sun and the stars.(2024·重慶，11)

　　A．used

　　B．having used

　　C．using

　　D．use

　　2．When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile，she stood rooted to the ground，________ whether to stay or leave.(2024·湖南，30)

　　A．wondering

　　B．wonder

　　C．to wonder

　　D．wondered

　　3．________in painting，John didn’t notice evening approaching.(2024·天津，5)

　　A．To absorb

　　B．To be absorbed

　　C．Absorbed

　　D．Absorbing

　　4．________ for two days，Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.(2024·天津，8)

　　A．To work

　　B．Worked

　　C．To be working

　　D．Having worked

　　5．________ more about Chinese culture，Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course.(2024·福建，28)

　　A．Learn

　　B．Learned

　　C．To learn

　　D．To be learning

　　6．Time，________ correctly，is money in the bank.(2024·湖南，23)

　　A．to use

　　B．used

　　C．using

　　D．use

　　考點歸納

　　1．分詞作狀語表示時間、原因、條件、結果、伴隨或方式、目的、評論性狀語等；現在分詞表示主動，過去分詞表示被動；分詞的完成時表示動作先于謂語動詞發生。

　　United，we stand；divided，we fall.

　　合則立，分則敗。(表示條件)

　　He entered the room，following his father (followed by his father)．

　　他進了房間，跟在他爸爸的后面(他爸爸跟在后面)。(表示伴隨)

　　She fell off her bike，breaking her left leg.

　　她從自行車上摔了下來，摔斷了左腿。(表示結果)

　　Personally speaking，it’s a good idea!

　　就我個人而言，我認為這是個好的觀點。(評論性狀語)

　　2．不定式作狀語主要表示原因、目的、結果、評論性狀語等。表原因時通常和形容詞連用，如be happy/sorry/surprised/ashamed等；表目的時其前可加上in order或so as (so as to do一般不放在句首)；表結果時其前通常與only連用，往往表示出乎意料的結果。

　　She is interesting to talk to.

　　和她談話很有意思。(表示原因)

　　To succeed，one must first of all believe in himself.

　　要想成功，首先應該自信。(表示目的)

　　Tom took a taxi to the airport，only to find his plane high up in the sky.(2024·四川，6)

　　湯姆乘出租車去機場，卻發現他要乘坐的飛機高高地飛在空中。(表示結果)

　　I’ve never seen such a person，to tell you the truth.

　　實話告訴你，我從來沒有見過這樣一個人。(評論性狀語)

　　考點2　非謂語動詞作定語

　　1．Amie Salmon，disabled，is attended throughout her school days by a nurse ________ to guard her.(2024·浙江，14)

　　A．to appoint

　　B．appointing

　　C．appointed

　　D．having appointed

　　2．There are still many problems ________ before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.(2024·北京，28)

　　A．solving

　　B．solved

　　C．being solved

　　D．to be solved

　　3．There’s a note pinned to the door ________ when the shop will open again.(2024·山東，6)

　　A．saying

　　B．says

　　C．said

　　D．having said

　　考點歸納

　　1．分詞作定語，單個分詞作定語一般放在所修飾詞的前面；分詞短語作定語一般放在所修飾詞的后面；分詞的完成時(having done 或having been done)形式一般不作定語。現在分詞短語作定語表示主動或進行；及物動詞的過去分詞短語作定語表示被動或完成；不及物動詞的過去分詞作定語只表示完成不表示被動。不定式作定語一般放在所修飾的詞之后，不定式表示的是將來的動作，主動形式用to do，被動形式用to be done。

　　This is a problem discussed.

　　＝This is a problem which was discussed.

　　這是一個已討論了的問題。

　　This is a problem being discussed.

　　＝This is a problem which is being discussed.

　　這是一個正在被討論的問題。

　　This is a problem to be discussed.

　　＝This is a problem which is to be discussed.

　　這是一個將要討論的問題。

　　2．動名詞作定語表示用途，如swimming pool相當于a pool for swimming，reading room相當于a room for reading 等。

　　考點3　非謂語動詞作賓(主)補

　　1．Back from his two-year medical service in Africa，Dr.Lee was very happy to see his mother________ good care of at home.(2024·陜西，18)

　　A．taking

　　B．taken

　　C．take

　　D．be taken

　　2．Listening to music at home is one thing，going to hear it ________ live is quite another.(2024·浙江，18)

　　A．perform

　　B．performing

　　C．to perform

　　D．being performed

　　3．He is thought ________ foolishly.Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job.(2024·江西，34)

　　A．to act

　　B．to have acted

　　C．acting

　　D．having acted

　　考點歸納

　　1．不定式作賓補有兩種情況：一是帶to，一是不帶to。通常情況下使役動詞及感官動詞后跟不帶to的不定式作賓補，但是變成被動語態后賓補變為了主補，這時不帶to的不定式要變成帶to的不定式。

　　It’s hard to persuade Dad to give up smoking.

　　說服爸爸戒煙很難。

　　She is often heard to sing the song.

　　經常聽到她唱這首歌。

　　2．現在分詞作補語有兩種情況：一是形容詞性質的現在分詞作補語表示事物的性質特點；二是具有動作性質的現在分詞作補語表示動作正在進行。

　　We all think the speech very inspiring.

　　我們都認為這個演講很鼓舞人。

　　He was last seen playing in the garden.

　　最后一次看到他時，他在花園玩耍。

　　3．過去分詞作補語表示賓(主)語的性質或狀態，與賓(主)語之間為被動關系。

　　Get your answers checked before you hand in the papers.

　　交試卷前，請檢查核對答案。

　　Almost no student is seen punished in that school.

　　在那所學校幾乎看不到學生被懲罰。

　　考點4　非謂語動詞作賓語

　　1．After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress，Anne Benedict went on ________ all the people who had helped in her career.(2024·陜西，17)

　　A．to thank

　　B．thanking

　　C．having thanked

　　D．to have thanked

　　2．It’s quite hot today.Do you feel like ________ for a swim？(2024·陜西，12)

　　A．to go

　　B．going

　　C．go

　　D．having gone

　　3．The film star wears sunglasses.Therefore，he can go shopping without ________.(2024·北京，35)

　　A．recognizing

　　B．being recognized

　　C．having recognized

　　D．having been recognized

　　考點歸納

　　作賓語的非謂語動詞形式有不定式或動名詞。有些動詞后面只跟不定式作賓語(如want，hope，decide，promise等)；有些動詞后面只跟動名詞作賓語(如admit，advise，allow，avoid，risk，suggest等)；有些動詞后面既可以跟不定式也可以跟動名詞作賓語，但是意思有所不同(如stop，remember，regret，go on等)；在介詞(除but，except之外)后面一般用動名詞作賓語。

　　When it comes to speaking in public，no one can match him.(2024·江西，26)

　　當提及在公共場所發言時，沒有人能比得上他。

　　I remembered to lock the door before I left the office，but forgot to turn off the lights.(2024·安徽，24)

　　離開辦公室前我記著鎖門了，卻忘了關燈。

　　考點5　非謂語動詞作表語

　　1．While waiting for the opportunity to get ________，Henry did his best to perform his duty.(2024·安徽，32)

　　A．promote

　　B．promoted

　　C．promoting

　　D．to promote

　　2．For those with family members far away，the personal computer and the phone are important in staying ________.(2024·福建，30)

　　A．connected

　　B．connecting

　　C．to connect

　　D．to be connected

　　3．The engine just won’t start.Something seems ________ wrong with it.(2024·重慶，34)

　　A．to go B．to have gone

　　C．going

　　D．having gone

　　考點歸納

　　1．不定式作表語表示主語的具體內容、目的等。

　　My goal is to be a scientist.

　　我的目標是當一名科學家。

　　What strikes me most is to see him always busy.

　　使我感到驚訝的是總看見他很忙碌。

　　2．動名詞作表語表示籠統的、抽象的概念。

　　My favorite sport is skiing.

　　我最喜歡的運動是滑雪。

　　Seeing is believing.眼見為實。

　　3．作表語的現在分詞，往往具有形容詞的性質，用于說明主語的性質與特征。過去分詞作表語和系動詞連用，構成系表結構，往往表示主語所處的一種狀態，有時候用于get＋v.-ed結構中。

　　The report is very encouraging.

　　這個報告非常鼓舞人心。

　　I got confused，even bored.

　　我被搞得迷惑了，甚至有點煩了。

　　考點6　非謂語動詞作主語

　　1．________ your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions.(2024·湖南，23)

　　A．Understanding

　　B．To be understood

　　C．Being understood

　　D．Having understood

　　2．It’s standard practice for a company like this one ________ a security officer.(2024·山東，9)

　　A．employed

　　B．being employed

　　C．to employ

　　D．employs

　　3．No matter how bright a talker you are，there are times when it’s better________silent.(2024·浙江，3)

　　A．remain

　　B．be remaining

　　C．having remained

　　D．to remain

　　考點歸納

　　1．動名詞作主語往往表示一種概念、習慣或經驗。有時候用it作形式主語，常用于It’s useful/nice/useless...等句式中。

　　Going to bed early and rising early is a good habit.

　　早睡早起是個好習慣。

　　It’s no use crying over spilt milk.覆水難收。

　　2．不定式作主語往往表示一個具體的動作、一種愿望、目的或未完成的事，通常用形式主語it代替。

　　To stop the work now seems impossible.

　　＝It seems impossible to stop the work now.

　　現在停止這項工作似乎是不可能的。

　　To see is to believe.

　　百聞不如一見。

　　考點7　獨立主格結構

　　1．Much time ________ sitting at a desk，office workers are generally troubled by health problems.(2024·江蘇，24)

　　A．being spent

　　B．having spent

　　C．spent

　　D．spending

　　2．The lecture ________，a lively question-and-answer session followed.(2024·江蘇，29)

　　A．being given

　　B．having given

　　C．to be given

　　D．having been given

　　3．The party will be held in the garden，weather________.(2024·新課標全國，28)

　　A．permitting

　　B．to permit

　　C．permitted

　　D．permit

　　4．The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog ________ them.(2024·遼寧，25)

　　A．to follow

　　B．following

　　C．followed

　　D．follows

　　考點歸納

　　1．獨立主格結構由“普通格名詞(或主格代詞)＋分詞、不定式、名詞、形容詞、副詞或介詞短語”構成，在句中作狀語，通常用逗號與句子的其他部分隔開。

　　Mary coming back，they discussed it together.

　　瑪麗回來后，他們一起討論了那件事。

　　Good luck given，I will earn more money than all of you.

　　運氣好的話，我掙的錢將比你們所有人掙得都多。

　　2．介詞獨立結構

　　with sb./sth.＋doing/done/to do，其中非謂語動詞作賓補，根據賓語和賓補之間的關系確定用現在分詞還是過去分詞。

　　He lay there with his eyes looking at the sky.

　　他躺在那里，眼望天空。

　　3．there be句型的非謂語形式

　　I’ve never dreamed of there being a picture on the wall.

　　我從未想到墻上會有幅畫。

　　I expect there to be many chances for her to get a job.

　　我希望她有很多機會找到工作。

　　There being ice on the road，I told the driver to slow down.

　　路上有冰，我讓司機減速慢行。

　　There having been no water for two days，the travelers were all very thirsty.

　　因為兩天沒有水了，所有游客都非常渴了。

　　考點8　“連詞＋分詞(短語)”結構

　　1．Video games can be a poor influence if ________ in the wrong hands.(2024·湖南，24)

　　A．to leave

　　B．leaving

　　C．leave

　　D．left

　　2．Children，when ________ by their parents，are allowed to enter the stadium.(2024·湖南，21)

　　A．to be accompanied

　　B．to accompany

　　C．accompanying

　　D．accompanied

　　3．Once________，Jo devoted her life to looking after children and being a full-time homemaker.(2024·上海春招，33)

　　A．having married

　　B．being married

　　C．marrying

　　D．married

　　考點歸納

　　分詞短語作狀語時，有時前面可用一個連詞，表示強調或出于表達需要，常用的連詞有：when，while，after，before，if，though，whether...or...，unless，as if等。有時這種結構可看成是狀語從句的省略。

　　After taking the medicine，she felt better.

　　吃過藥后，她感覺好些了。

　　The man will die unless operated at once.

　　除非立刻動手術，不然那人就會死。

　　解題方法

　　方法1　正確判斷非謂語動詞

　　句子按結構分為三類，即簡單句、并列句和復合句。并列句和復合句都需要連詞來引導，如果句子中出現了連詞，應選謂語動詞形式；如果兩個結構中未出現連詞，則考慮用非謂語動詞。